Tikunei haZohar (תקוני הזהר, lit. "Repairs of the ''Zohar''"), also known as the ''Tikunim'' (תקונים), is a main text of the

Kabbalah Kabbalah ( he, קַבָּלָה ''Qabbālā'', literally "reception, tradition") is an esoteric method, discipline and school of thought in Jewish mysticism. A traditional Kabbalist is called a Mekubbal ( ''Məqūbbāl'' "receiver"). The defin ...

which was composed in the 14th century. It is a separate appendix to the '' Zohar'' consisting of seventy commentaries on the opening word of the

Torah The Torah (; hbo, ''Tōrā'', "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In that sense, Torah means the ...

, ''Bereishit'' ("in the beginning"), in the

Midrash ''Midrash'' (;"midrash"
''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''. he, מִדְרָשׁ; ...

ic style. The theme of ''Tikunei haZohar'' is to repair and support the

Shekhinah Shekhinah, also spelled Shechinah ( Hebrew: שְׁכִינָה ''Šəḵīnā'', Tiberian: ''Šăḵīnā'') is the English transliteration of a Hebrew word meaning "dwelling" or "settling" and denotes the presence of God, as it were, in a pla ...

or Malkhut — hence its name, "Repairs of the Zohar" — and to bring on the Redemption and conclude the Exile. ''Tikunei haZohar'' was first printed in

Mantua Mantua ( ; it, Mantova ; Lombard and la, Mantua) is a city and '' comune'' in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name. In 2016, Mantua was designated as the Italian Capital of Culture. In 2017, it was named as the Eur ...

in 1558, followed by

Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya ( Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ( ...

editions in 1719 and 1740. Modern citations generally follow the 1740 pagination.

Language and authorship

Zoharic Aramaic is an artificial dialect largely based on a linguistic fusion of the

Babylonian Talmud The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (''halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the cent ...

and

Targum Onkelos Interlinear text of Hebrew Numbers 6.3–10 with British_Library.html"_;"title="Aramaic_Targum_Onkelos_from_the_British_Library">Aramaic_Targum_Onkelos_from_the_British_Library. Targum_Onkelos_(or_Onqelos;_Hebrew_language.html" "title="B ...

, but confused by imperfect grammar, limited vocabulary, and loanwords from contemporary medieval languages. ''Tikunei haZohar'' claims to have been composed by Shimon b. Yochai and his son

Elazar Eleazar (; ) or Elʽazar was a priest in the Hebrew Bible, the second High Priest, succeeding his father Aaron after he died. He was a nephew of Moses. Biblical narrative Eleazar played a number of roles during the course of the Exodus, fro ...

. In fact, it was composed by a 14th century Kabbalist imitating the style of the 13th-century '' Zohar''. Tikunei haZohar contains some additions from later Kabbalists. For example, Shalom Buzaglo in his commentary ''Kisse Melekh'' p. 1a, explains an exclamation in the text that was inserted by the Arizal (see below). Jerusalem kabbalist Daniel Frisch (1935–2005) published a translation into Hebrew of ''Tikunei haZohar'' and of the ''Zohar'' itself called ''Matok miDvash'' (מתוק מדבש). It is written in common language and reinterprets the ''Zohar'' according to

Lurianic Kabbalah Lurianic Kabbalah is a school of kabbalah named after Isaac Luria (1534–1572), the Jewish rabbi who developed it. Lurianic Kabbalah gave a seminal new account of Kabbalistic thought that its followers synthesised with, and read into, the earlie ...

Structure, Composition, and Topics

There are two introductions. The first introduction, pages 1a-16b, tells how the book developed after Shimon b. Yochai and his son fled from the Romans and hid in a cave; describes the Ten

Sefirot Sefirot (; he, סְפִירוֹת, translit=Səfīrōt, Tiberian: '), meaning '' emanations'', are the 10 attributes/emanations in Kabbalah, through which Ein Sof ( The Infinite) reveals itself and continuously creates both the physical realm ...

according to their colors; tells the loftiness of the Tzadikim; gives some explanations of the seventy Tikkunim; and also tells eleven additional tikkunim: The intro goes on to discuss more concepts regarding the book, interspersed with prayers. The second introduction, pages 17a-17b, contains a similar account of flight to the cave etc., followed by ''

Patach Eliyahu ''Patach Eliyahu'' (, "Elijah opened"), also called ''Petihat Eliyahu HaNavi'' (, "The Introduction of Elijah the Prophet"), is an Aramaic, Kabbalistic discourse from the introduction to Tikunei Zohar 17a. It is named after its initial words, wh ...

''. ''Patach Eliyahu'' is Eliyahu's meditative prayer which contains foundations of Kabbalah, namely, that

Hashem HaShem ( Hebrew: ''hšm'', literally "''the name''"; often abbreviated to 'h′'' is a title used in Judaism to refer to God. It is also a given name and surname. Religious usage * In Judaism, '' HaShem'' (lit. 'the Name') is used to refer ...

is one and indivisible, Creator of all, beyond comprehension, but Who reveals Himself to us by the Torah and the Kabbalah and conducts the world by orders such as the ten

, which correspond to the human form—though He Himself has no body or form. Eliyahu concludes his prayer, saying to Shimon, "Arise, Rabbi Shimon, and let words of novellae be revealed by you, for behold, you have permission to reveal hidden secrets, through you; such permission to reveal has not been given to any human until now."

is found in the daily liturgy of

Sefardic Sephardic (or Sephardi) Jews (, ; lad, Djudíos Sefardíes), also ''Sepharadim'' , Modern Hebrew: ''Sfaradim'', Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm, also , ''Ye'hude Sepharad'', lit. "The Jews of Spain", es, Judíos sefardíes (or ), pt, Judeus sefa ...

Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

, and in the daily or weekly liturgy of various Chasidim. ''Tiqqunei ha-Zohar'', 17a-b, ''Petaḥ Eliyahu'' in full: As an example of some of the permutations of בראשית/''Bereishit'' which underlie the seventy Tikunim, Tikun #1 begins by explaining "בראשית" as "ב' ראשית," (lit., ''

beit A Beit (also spelled bait, ar, بيت , literally "a house") is a metrical unit of Arabic, Iranian, Urdu and Sindhi poetry. It corresponds to a line, though sometimes improperly renderered as " couplet" since each ''beit'' is divided int ...

'' sthe "heading"), as in, "This is the gate to Hashem; the righteous shall enter into it" (Ps. 118:2) - "the righteous have permission to enter in it amely the Torah, Hashem's treasury but the others who are not righteous are rejected from it." Tikun #2 explains "בראשית" as containing "יראת" (reverence f and "שב" (return; repent); "the allusion is to return with reverence

f God F, or f, is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ef'' (pronounced ), and the plural is ''efs''. His ...

without reverence, there can be no wisdom..." Tikun #3 mentions that "בראשית" contains "ברית אש/'' brit esh''/Covenant ffire"—whoever guards the Covenant (i.e.

circumcision Circumcision is a procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis. In the most common form of the operation, the foreskin is extended with forceps, then a circumcision device may be placed, after which the foreskin is excised. Top ...

, family purity and related matters) is saved from the fire of hell; and whoever is involved in

and guards the Covenant is called an "''adam''/man" fit to "sit" in the house (Isa. 44:13) and "see" the "ראש בית/''rosh bayit''/Head of the House," that is, the King, Hashem. Certain passages of ''Tiqqunei ha-Zohar'' quote from the body of the Zohar, interpreting and developing it: This page develops the account of creation with the Hebrew alphabet found in Zohar 1:2b-3b:

Commentaries

There are several explanations and commentaries on Tikunei haZohar. The more noted ones include: ''Kisse Melekh'' by Shalom Buzaglo, ''Ohr Yisrael'' by Yisrael of Koznitz, ''Biurei

haGra Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, ( he , ר' אליהו בן שלמה זלמן ''Rabbi Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman'') known as the Vilna Gaon (Yiddish: דער װילנער גאון ''Der Vilner Gaon'', pl, Gaon z Wilna, lt, Vilniaus Gaonas) or Elijah of ...

'' on ''Tikunei Zohar'' (Vilna, Jewish year 5627), ''Chemdat Tzvi'' by Tzvi Hirsh, ''Be'er Yitzchak'' by Yitzchak Aizik of

Polotsk Polotsk (russian: По́лоцк; be, По́лацк, translit=Polatsk (BGN/PCGN), Polack (official transliteration); lt, Polockas; pl, Połock) is a historical city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina River. It is the center of the Polotsk Dist ...

, ''Be'er Lechai Ro'i'' by Tzvi Hirsh Shapira of Dinov ynow ''Kegan haYarak'' by Kalfa Guedj, ''Netzutzei Zohar'' by Rav Reuven Margoliot, ''Metok Medvash'' by Rav Daniel Frisch, and the ''Sulam'' by

Yehuda Ashlag Rabbi Yehuda Ashlag (1885–1954) or Yehuda Leib Ha-Levi Ashlag ( he, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה לֵיבּ הַלֵּוִי אַשְׁלַג), also known as the Baal Ha-Sulam (Hebrew: , "Author of The Ladder") in reference to his magnum ...

Customs and influences

There is a Jewish custom to study Tikunei haZohar especially in the month of

Elul Elul ( he, אֱלוּל, Standard ''ʾElūl'', Tiberian ''ʾĔlūl'') is the twelfth month of the Jewish civil year and the sixth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar. It is a month of 29 days. Elul usually occurs in August� ...

, and also during the

Ten Days of Repentance The Ten Days of Repentance ( he, עֲשֶׂרֶת יְמֵי תְּשׁוּבָה, ''ʿǍseret yəmēy təšūvā'') Hebrew �aˈseʁet jeˈmeiː teʃuːˈvaːhare the first ten days of the Hebrew month of Tishrei, usually ...

, since according to the kabbalists (including the Arizal) and many chasidic books, Tikunei haZohar repairs a person's spirit and cleanses his body and soul; therefore according to tradition, during these days which are called ''yemei teshuvah'' (days of repentance or drawing close to God), the repair of deeds is much greater.Much of the information on contents and sections of the Zohar is found in the booklet ''Ohr haZohar''(אור הזוהר) by Rabbi Yehuda Shalom Gross, in Hebrew, published by Mifal Zohar Hoilumi, Ramat Beth Shemesh, Israel, Heb. year 5761 (2001 CE); also available at israel613.com
accessed March 1, 2012.] Explicit permission is given in both the printed and electronic book "to whoever desires to print paragraphs from this book, or the entire book, in any language, in any country, in order to increase Torah and fear of Heaven in the world and to awaken hearts our brothers the children of Yisrael in complete ''teshuvah''." In some printed versions there is a partitioning of Tikunei haZohar over the forty days from the eve of

Rosh Chodesh Rosh Chodesh or Rosh Hodesh ( he, ראש חודש; trans. ''Beginning of the Month''; lit. ''Head of the Month'') is the name for the first day of every month in the Hebrew calendar, marked by the birth of a new moon. It is considered a minor ...

Elul to

Yom Kippur Yom Kippur (; he, יוֹם כִּפּוּר, , , ) is the holiest day in Judaism and Samaritanism. It occurs annually on the 10th of Tishrei, the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Primarily centered on atonement and repentance, the day' ...

, but this partitioning is not obligatory. In Chasidic communities (and others, more recently) it has been customary to publicize a list of praises of this custom and to distribute it and/or the book on the eve of Rosh Chodesh Elul One particular influence of Tikunei haZohar is that Tikkun #21 is referenced in Likutei Moharan II #8 and other works of

Nachman of Breslov Nachman of Breslov ( he, רַבִּי נַחְמָן מִבְּרֶסְלֶב ''Rabbī'' ''Naḥmān mīBreslev''), also known as Reb Nachman of Bratslav, Reb Nachman Breslover ( yi, רבי נחמן ברעסלאווער ''Rebe Nakhmen Breslover'' ...

in discussing "the song that will be awakened in the future" at the time of the ultimate Redemption and end of the exile: the "simple, double, triple and quadruple song ... Y YK YKW YKWK (K has been substituted for H to guard the sanctity of the

Tetragrammaton The Tetragrammaton (; ), or Tetragram, is the four-letter Hebrew theonym (transliterated as YHWH), the name of God in the Hebrew Bible. The four letters, written and read from right to left (in Hebrew), are ''yodh'', '' he'', '' waw'', and ...

)."Tikkun #21, p. 51b Israel Dov Odesser and

Na Nach Na Nach is the name of a subgroup of Breslover Hasidim that follows the teachings of Rabbi Nachman of Breslov according to the tradition of Rabbi Yisroel Ber Odesser (called the Saba, or grandfather, by Na Nachs). The Saba is believed to have r ...

s have understood the name and the song Na Nach Nachma Nachman (MeUman) as an aspect of this song.

References

External links

Aramaic Text and Hebrew Translations, Digital
Entire Aramaic text, single webpage, no vowels, with daf numbers and line breaks, at hebrew.grimoar.cz (HTML/txt)Archived
(808 kB) * * -

* ttps://dailyzohar.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/ZOHAR_TIKKUNE_ZOHAR_2z-1.pdf Tikunei Zohar PDF from dailyzohar.com
Scroll PDF online

Archive

Complete Tikunei HaZohar Zoharic Aramaic
- with prefaces. No copyright. dailyzohar.com / Mifal haZohar HaOlami Tikunei Ha Zohar Tikune70 Partial Hebrew and Zoharic Aramaic https://drive.google.com/file/d/1J0YgOlqATWW0aeDVOpg8xTF_msYfvWfm/view?usp=sharing Book Images

at JNUL Digitized Book Repository ( DjVu format) * * Classic Commentaries * of Rav Shalom Buzaglo, student of

Chaim Vital Hayyim ben Joseph Vital ( he, רָבִּי חַיִּים בֶּן יוֹסֵף וִיטָאל; Safed, October 23, 1542 (Julian calendar) and October 11, 1542 (Gregorian Calendar) – Damascus, 23 April 1620) was a rabbi in Safed and the foremo ...

, at hebrewbooks.org
Ma'alot haSulam by R' Yehuda Tzvi Brandwein, Vol. 22, Intro through Tik. 11permanent link
Study Resources
Daily (Tikunei) Zohar Study
at dailyzohar.com, text and audio.
Aramaic Language of the Zohar - Zoharic Aramaic Dictionary and Grammar.
English Translations Part 1: *https://www.amazon.com/Sefer-Tiqqunei-HaZohar-English-Translation/dp/1798741164/ref=d_zg-te-pba_sccl_1_9/141-1940939-3890453?pd_rd_w=6fcGV&content-id=amzn1.sym.e4255960-36c0-425e-9849-651b7df9c86e&pf_rd_p=e4255960-36c0-425e-9849-651b7df9c86e&pf_rd_r=NHF2M2KEZB1MDGMCQNBF&pd_rd_wg=nYlpR&pd_rd_r=c3c07264-3a65-4f54-881e-876fcde4673d&pd_rd_i=1798741164&psc=1 Part 2: *https://www.amazon.com/Sefer-Tiqqunei-HaZohar-English-Translation/dp/1093532637/ref=d_zg-te-pba_sccl_1_6/141-1940939-3890453?pd_rd_w=6fcGV&content-id=amzn1.sym.e4255960-36c0-425e-9849-651b7df9c86e&pf_rd_p=e4255960-36c0-425e-9849-651b7df9c86e&pf_rd_r=NHF2M2KEZB1MDGMCQNBF&pd_rd_wg=nYlpR&pd_rd_r=c3c07264-3a65-4f54-881e-876fcde4673d&pd_rd_i=1093532637&psc=1 Part 3: *https://www.amazon.com/Sefer-Tiqqunei-HaZohar-English-Translation/dp/1093758155/ref=sr_1_fkmr1_2?crid=FT0AC54XVOHW&keywords=tikkunai+hazohar&qid=1665768789&qu=eyJxc2MiOiIwLjYxIiwicXNhIjoiMC4wMCIsInFzcCI6IjAuMDAifQ%3D%3D&sprefix=tikkunei+hazohar%2Caps%2C74&sr=8-2-fkmr1&ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.f5122f16-c3e8-4386-bf32-63e904010ad0
Tikkunei Zohar in English, Partial (Intro and Tikkun 1-17), at ha-zohar.infopermanent link
{{Wikisource, 1=Translation:Tikunei_Zohar, 2=Translation:Tikunei Zohar (partial) Kabbalah texts Apocalyptic literature