Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe
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Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe (12 November 1894 in
Kristiania Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...
– 8 June 1976 in Oslo) was a Norwegian
zoologist Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and d ...
and
comparative psychologist Comparative psychology refers to the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals, especially as these relate to the phylogenetic history, adaptive significance, and development of behavior. Research in this area addr ...
. He was the first person to describe a
pecking order In biology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system. A dominant higher-ranking individual is so ...
of hens.


Career

Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe was at the age of 19, in 1913, the first to describe a
pecking order In biology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system. A dominant higher-ranking individual is so ...
of hens. He based findings on an interest in observing chickens at a farm where he spend his summer holidays. The dominance hierarchy of
chicken The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the Ceylon junglefowl that are originally from Southeastern Asia. Rooster or cock is a term for an adu ...
s and other birds that he studied led him to the observation that hens had an established social order determining who dared to peck whom in a fight. This order was, Schjelderup-Ebbe concluded, not necessarily dependent on the strength or age of the hens, and not necessarily a strict ranking as he even observed triangles of dominance. Schjelderup-Ebbe studied for a Ph.D. in Germany, tried to present his thesis in Oslo, but was rejected.Price, 1995.


Personal life

He was the son of sculptors Axel Emil Ebbe (1868–1941) and Menga Schjelderup (1871–1945). He was married to Torbjørg Brekke. Their son was
Dag Schjelderup-Ebbe Dag Schjelderup-Ebbe (10 December 1926 – 1 February 2013) was a Norwegian musicologist, composer, music critic and biographer. He was a lecturer at the University of Oslo for thirty years, from 1973 with the title of professor. His research mainl ...
, a musicologist, composer, music critic and biographer.


Publications

* Hønsenes stemme. Bidrag til hønsenes psykologi, in: Naturen: populærvitenskapeling tidsskrift 37, 1913, 262–276 * Kometen: mytisk roman, Kristiania 1917 * Beiträge zur Biologie und Sozial- und Individualpsychologie bei Gallus domesticus, Greifswald 1921 * Gallus domesticus in seinem täglichen Leben, Dissertation Universität Greifswald, 12 May 1921 * Beiträge zur Sozialpsychologie des Haushuhns, in: Zeitschrift für Psychologie 88, 1922, 225–252 * Soziale Verhältnisse bei Vögeln, in: Zeitschrift für Psychologie 90, 1922, 106–107 * Aufmerksamkeit bei Mücken und Fliegen, in: Zeitschrift für Psychologie 93, 1923, 281–282 * Digte, Kristiania 1923 * Der Graupapagei in der Gefangenschaft, in: Psychologische Forschung 3, 1923, 9–11 * Das Leben der Wildente in der Zeit der Paarung, in: Psychologische Forschung 3, 1923, 12–17 * Tanker og aforismer, Kristiania 1923 * Weitere Beiträge zur Sozialpsychologie des Haushuhns, in: Zeitschrift für Psychologie 92, 1923, 60–87 * Les Despotisme chez les oiseaux, in: Bulletin de l'Institut Général Psychologique 24, 1924, 1–74 * Fortgesetzte biologische Beobachtungen bei Gallus domesticus, in: Psychologische Forschung 5, 1924, 343–355 * Kurzgefaßte norwegische Grammatik, Teil 1: Lautlehre, Berlin 1924 * Poppelnatten: digte, Kristiania 1924 * Zur Sozialpsychologie der Vögel, in: Zeitschrift für Psychologie 95, 1924, 36–84 * Det nye eventyr: digte, Oslo 1925 * Soziale Verhältnisse bei Säugetieren, in: Zeitschrift für Psychologie 97, 1925, 145 * Zur Theorie der Mengenlehre, in: Annalen der Philosophie und philosophischen Kritik 5, 1925/1926, 325–328 * Blaat og rødt: digte, Oslo 1926 * Der Kontrast auf dem Gebiete des Licht- und Farbensinnes, in: Neue Psychologische Studien 2, 1926, 61–126 * Sociale tilstande hos utvalgte inferiore vesner, in: Arkiv för psykologi och pedagogik 5, 1926, 105–220 * Organismen und Anorganismen, in: Annalen der Philosophie und philosophischen Kritik 6, 1927, 294–296 * Fra billenes verden, Oslo 1928 * Overhöihetsformer i den menneskelige sociologi, in: Arkiv för Psykologi och Pedagogik 8, 1929, 53–100 * Zur Psychologie der Zahleneindrücke, in: Kwartalnik Psychologiczny 1, 1930, 365–380 * Psychologische Beobachtungen an Vögeln, in: Zeitschrift für Angewandte Psychologie 35, 1930, 362–366 * Die Despotie im sozialen Leben der Vögel, in: Richard Thurnwald (ed.), Forschungen zur Völkerpsychologie und Soziologie 10, 1931, 77–137 * Farben-, Helligkeits-, und Sättigungskontraste bei mitteleuropäischen Käfern, in: Archiv für die Gesamte Psychologie 78, 1931, 571–573 * Liljene på marken, Oslo 1931 * Soziale Eigentümlichkeiten bei Hühnern, in: Kwartalnik Psychologiczny 2, 1931, 206–212 * Instinkte und Reaktionen bei Pfauen und Truthühnern, in: Kwartalnik Psychologiczny 3, 1932, 204–207 * Social behavior of birds, in:
Carl Murchison Carl Allanmore Murchison (1887–1961) was an American psychologist and an early promoter of the discipline of psychology. Unlike most psychologists who became prominent in the history books, Murchison was not an influential theorist or researche ...
(ed.), A Handbook of Social Psychology, Worcester 1935, 947–972 * Über die Lebensfähigkeit alter Samen, Oslo 1936 * Sanger og strofer, Oslo 1949 * Hva verden sier: en lyrisk, satirisk og virkelighetstro diktsyklus, Oslo 1953 * Liv, reaksjoner og sociologi hos en flerhet insekter, Oslo 1953 * Glansen og det skjulte: lyrikk, humor og satire, Oslo 1955 * Høider og dybder: lyrikk, humor og satire, Oslo 1957 * Life, reactions, and sociology in a number of insects, in: ''
The Journal of Social Psychology ''The Journal of Social Psychology'' is a bimonthly academic journal covering social psychology published by Routledge, who acquired it from Heldref Publications in 2009. The journal was established in 1929 by John Dewey and Carl Murchison. It cove ...
'', 46, 1957, 287–292 * Sozialpsychologische Analogien bei Menschen und Tier, in: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Bericht über den 22. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie in Heidbelberg 1959, Göttingen 1960, 237–249 * Sol og skygge: aforismer og tanker, Oslo 1965 * Av livets saga: tanker, vers og shortstories, Oslo 1966–1969 * Noen nyere undersøkelser om estetikk, særlig m.h.t. diktning og folklore, Oslo 1967


Notes


Further reading

* Charles W. Leland, Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe: Sanger og strofer (Book Review), in: Scandinavian Studies 23, 1951, 208–213 * Charles W. Leland, Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe's "Hva verden sier" (Book Review), in: Scandinavian Studies 27, 1955, 206–212 * John Price, A Remembrance of Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe, in: Human Ethology Bulletin 1995, 10(1), 1-
PDF
contains an interview with Th. Schjelderup-Ebbe's son, musicologist Dag Schjelderup-Ebbe) * Wilhelm Preus Sommerfeldt, Professor dr. Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbes forfatterskap 1910–1956, Oslo 1957


External links


Theme issue of Philosophical Transactions B on 'The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies'

Online edition of the Human Ethology Bulletin

Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe
at Norske Biografisk Leksikon {{DEFAULTSORT:Schjelderupp-Ebbe, Thorleif 1894 births 1976 deaths 20th-century Norwegian zoologists Scientists from Oslo