The RZA

Robert Fitzgerald Diggs (born July 5, 1969), better known by his stage name the RZA ( ), is an American rapper, actor, filmmaker, and record producer. He is the ''de facto'' leader of the hip hop group Wu-Tang Clan, having produced most albums for the group and its respective members. He is a cousin of two other original Wu-Tang Clan members: GZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard. He has also released solo albums under the alter-ego Bobby Digital, along with executive producing credits for side projects. After forming the Wu-Tang Clan, RZA was a founding member of the horrorcore group Gravediggaz, where he went by the name The RZArector.

RZA has been heavily involved in filmmaking since the late 90s. He has scored a number of films, most notably ''Kill Bill: Volume 1'' (2003) and ''Kill Bill: Volume 2'' (2004). He has written and directed in film and television, starting with his directorial debut, ''The Man with the Iron Fists'', in 2012. He has also acted in numerous films and TV series, including the films ''American Gangster (film), American Gangster'' and ''Brick Mansions'', and the TV series ''Gang Related (TV series), Gang Related'' and ''Californication (TV series), Californication''.

He is especially known for his music production, with a style that includes the use of soul music, soul samples and sparse beats that has proved highly influential. The magazine ''The Source (magazine), The Source'' placed him on its list of the 20 greatest producers in the magazine's twenty-year history. ''Vibe (magazine), Vibe'' listed him among the top 8 greatest hip-hop producers of all time, and ''NME'' placed him on their list of the 50 Greatest Producers Ever.

Early life

Diggs was born on July 5, 1969 in Brownsville, Brooklyn. He was named after the Kennedy brothers Robert F. Kennedy, Robert and John F. Kennedy, John Fitzgerald, both of whom his mother greatly admired. Diggs has called his given name an "honorable" name, given the legacy of both Robert and John. Diggs has a younger brother, Terrance Hamlin, better known as the rapper 9th Prince, and an older brother named Mitchell “Divine” Diggs.

From ages three to seven, Diggs spent summers in North Carolina with his uncle, who encouraged him to read and study. Diggs was introduced to hip hop music at the age of nine, and by eleven, was competing in rap battles. He relocated to Steubenville, Ohio in 1990, to live with his mother. He spent weekends in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where his father ran a convenience store in the city's Hill District (Pittsburgh), Hill District.Lolley, Sarah (July 13, 2001).
Pittsburgh's underground hip-hop scene has helped produce key players like RZA and Mel-Man
. ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. Retrieved on April 5, 2008.

Diggs got involved with petty crime and drug-dealing, and was charged with attempted murder while in Steubenville. He was acquitted of the charge, giving him what he has called a "second chance".

Music career

Before the Wu-Tang Clan

In 1984, Diggs formed a rap group with his cousins Ol' Dirty Bastard, Russell Jones, then known as The Specialist, and GZA, Gary Grice, then known as Allah Justice, called "Force of the Imperial Master", which they soon after renamed as "All in Together Now" in 1985. Around this time Diggs formed the DMD Posse which consisted of RZA, Raekwon, Ghostface Killah, U-God, Inspectah Deck, 4th Disciple and Method Man. Diggs and Grice then signed with Jamaica Records for management purposes and Jamaica convinced Tommy Boy Records to sign Diggs as a solo artist in 1989 under the name Prince Rakeem. He released the original ''Ooh I Love You Rakeem'' promotion version of the EP, but was forced to remix and rerelease the single when Tommy Boy failed to acquire the rights to the original sample. The rereleased version underperformed commercially, and Diggs was subsequently dropped by Tommy Boy.

1992–1993: Forming the Wu-Tang Clan

After a shoot-out in Ohio in 1992, he faced eight years in jail. "When they said 'not guilty', my face stuck in a smile for three days," he recalled. "I was just walking around town, thinking about my daughter and my wife. Right then I said goodbye to anything that would put me in that situation again. I was up on trial on an attempted murder charge. I was a motherfucking fool, with all that knowledge in my head and ending up there."
In 1992, Diggs formed a new group with his two cousins and five other childhood friends. They named the group Wu-Tang Clan, after the 1983 kung fu film ''Shaolin and Wu Tang''. As part of the group's formation, each member chose a new nickname for themselves. Diggs chose "RZA", based on a nickname he had been given by fans of his music, "Rza Rza Rakeem", which in turn was based on a song by All in Together Now, "Pza Pza Pumpin", as well as Diggs' Graffiti#Tagging, graffiti tag, "Razor". He created a backronym for "RZA", stating that the name stood for "Ruler, Zig-Zag-Zig, Allah" which further translated into "Ruler, Knowledge-Wisdom-Understanding, Allah" when using the Supreme Alphabet.

Wu-Tang Clan released its first single, "Protect Ya Neck", in December 1992. Masta Killa then joined the group in 1993, becoming its ninth member. They released their debut album, ''Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)'' in November 1993. RZA operated as Wu-Tang Clan's de facto leader, producing the group's songs and deciding who would get placed on which tracks.

1994–1996: Gravediggaz and Wu-Tang solo projects: Round one

As each of the group's members embarked on solo careers, RZA continued to produce nearly everything Wu-Tang released during the period 1994–1996, which included both composing and arranging the instrumental tracks as well as overseeing and directing the creative process. RZA's rule over the Clan at this time is described in 2004's ''Wu-Tang Manual'' book as "a dictatorship". He also released a hit single of his own, in the form of "High School High (soundtrack), Wu-Wear: The Garment Renaissance". The song was featured on the ''High School High'' soundtrack, and was released to promote the Wu-Tang clothing brand, also called "Wu-Wear". It peaked at #60 on the Billboard Hot 100, ''Billboard'' Hot 100, and #6 on the Hot Rap Singles chart.

1997: ''Wu-Tang Forever''

1997 saw the release of ''Wu-Tang Forever'', the Wu-Tang Clan's highly anticipated second album. The album for the first time featured RZA delegating a small number of beat-making duties to other producers in the Wu-Tang camp, such as his protégés Mathematics (producer), Mathematics, True Master and 4th Disciple who are known as the original Wu-Elements, and Clan member Inspectah Deck.

1998–1999: Gravediggaz and Wu-Tang solo projects: Round two

During the 1998–2000 period RZA ceased to produce every Wu-Tang solo album as he had done previously, but continued to contribute usually one or two songs on average to each record as well as receiving an Executive Producer credit.

2001–2004: Post ''The W'' solo projects

In 1999 the RZA moved into composing film scores. His first work, Jim Jarmusch's ''Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai'' (1999), earned praise; he also had a brief cameo in the film itself, as a fellow samurai wearing camouflage. The experience was positive and, as he noted during an interview on National Public Radio's ''Fresh Air'', the work with traditional musicians gave him the desire to learn how to read and write music. In 2004, he co-scored David S. Goyer, David S. Goyer's ''"Blade: Trinity"'' with composer Ramin Djawadi.

2005–present: Solo projects: Round three

He has also stated that the long-delayed ''The Cure'' album will be his final solo album, so that he can devote more time to his movie directing career.

Before signing with SRC Records in 2007, RZA was flooded with offers from Bad Boy Records, Aftermath Records, Interscope and Def Jam among others for the Wu-Tang Clan super-group.

In 2007, he produced the Afro Samurai: The Album, score of the Japanese anime ''Afro Samurai'' starring Samuel L. Jackson. In 2007 he released the little-publicized instrumental album ''The RZA-Instrumental Experience'', and worked with Raekwon on his highly anticipated ''Only Built 4 Cuban Linx II''. From 2005 to 2008 he collaborated with System of a Down bassist Shavo Odadjian on the project Achozen The group released two singles, one of which, "Deuces", was included in the 2009 film ''Babylon A.D.'' The group also recorded an album that has remained unreleased, although eight of the songs were released in 2015.

In 2010 he worked on what was intended as a solo album for GZA, ''Liquid Swords II'', but the album remains unreleased. RZA also worked with Kanye West on the latter's fifth album, ''My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy'', as well as ''Watch the Throne'' by Kanye and Jay-Z.

In a 2011 interview, RZA revealed that he had recently decided to clean out his beat machines of instrumentals he made for the Wu-Tang Clan that were never used; as a result, he gave away ten beats each to Nas, Busta Rhymes and Talib Kweli, as well as 20 beats for Kanye West, including two that were used on West's previous two albums. RZA produced UK artist Josh Osho's 2012 debut album ''L.I.F.E''.

RZA also contributed vocals to three songs on John Frusciante's 2012 EP ''Letur-Lefr'' and in 2013 he contributed vocals to one song on Kid Cudi's 2013 album ''Indicud.'' In August 2012 RZA founded a new record label, Soul Temple Records, with a distribution deal from RED Distribution. On September 28, 2012 he hosted one episode of the web series ''Equals Three'', substituting for regular host Ray William Johnson. He appeared on Earl Sweatshirt's album ''Doris (album), Doris'', contributing a verse on the track "Molasses". Despite artistic disagreements with Raekwon, RZA and The Wu-Tang Clan released their sixth album ''A Better Tomorrow (album), A Better Tomorrow'' in 2014.

In 2013, RZA and Paul Banks (musician, born 1978), Paul Banks began to collaborate as Banks & Steelz for what became the 2016 album ''Anything But Words''. Guest appearances include Kool Keith, Ghostface Killah, Method Man, and Masta Killa. Two singles were released from the album, "Love and War (Banks & Steelz song), Love + War" and "Giant". RZA collaborated with Ramin Djawadi, with whom he co-scored Blade Trinity and Blake Perlman for the song "''Drift''" for the Guillermo del Toro film Pacific Rim (film), "Pacific Rim".

In June 2020, ice cream company Good Humor approached RZA to create a new jingle for ice cream trucks to play, to replace the tune "Turkey in the Straw", long associated with minstrel shows that often featured racist lyrics. (Good Humor does not directly operate any trucks, but the company wanted to encourage ice cream truck drivers to not play the song.) RZA's resulting composition was released in August 2020.

In a recent 2020 interview, RZA discussed how the being stuck at home during the Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID global crisis resulted in him resuming work on his long-unreleased ''The Cure'' album.

Wu-Recording labels

Since the early 1990s, various List of Wu-Recording record labels, Wu Tang Clan-affiliated recording labels were established. The earlier labels are believed to be dissolved. The connection that RZA had to these labels is unknown.

Other record labels were later founded in the early 2000s, and are still active in the present. Very little is known about these labels, other than the fact that RZA produces music on them. It is unknown if RZA is CEO, or has high position within these labels, considering that he was never known to have a CEO position of any recording label.
* List of Wu-Recording record labels#Wu-Tang Records, Wu-Tang Records
* List of Wu-Recording record labels#Razor Sharp Records, Razor Sharp Records
* List of Wu-Recording record labels#36 Chambers Records and Wu Music Group, 36 Chambers Records and Various Wu-Recording Labels#36 Chambers Records and Wu Music Group, Wu Music Group
* List of Wu-Recording record labels#Protect Ya Neck Records, Protect Ya Neck Records
* List of Wu-Recording record labels#Wu-Tang International, Wu-Tang International
* Soul Temple Records

Artistry

RZA's production technique, specifically the manner of chopping up and/or speeding or slowing soul samples to fit his beats, has been imitated by hip hop producers including Kanye West and Just Blaze. West's own take on RZA's style briefly flooded the rap market with what was dubbed "chipmunk soul," the speeding of a vocal sample to where it sounded as though the singer had inhaled helium. Several producers at the time copied the style, creating other offshoots. West has admitted that his style was distinctly influenced by the RZA's production,

Said by Kanye West:

In response, RZA himself has spoken quite positively of the comparisons:

After hearing Kanye's work on ''The Blueprint'', RZA claimed that a torch-passing had occurred between him and West, saying,

His Bobby Digital albums introduced tweaked-out new-age music, new age elements to his sound; these have incorporated themselves more fully into his beats on newer albums such as Method Man's ''4:21... The Day After''.

In a 2010 radio interview with UK hip hop station Conspiracy Worldwide Radio, RZA spoke in great detail about the homemade, candid ethos of much of his classic work, including the organic creation process behind ODB's debut album.

Alter egos

RZA is known for having multiple Pseudonym, aliases, for different lyrical styles and personalities: Prince Rakeem, The Abbot, Bobby Digital, Bobby Steels, the Scientist, Prince Delight, Prince Dynamite, Ruler Zig-Zag-Zig Allah. During his time with the Gravediggaz, he went by the name the RZArector, which is for waking up the mentally dead. RZA can be rendered phonetically in the Japanese kanji: 令座 (furigana れいざ and rōmaji ''reiza''). The kanji 令 "rei" means "command". And its counterpart "座" means "seat". The combination means ''ryō-za'' or "order", but it can be thought of as "seat of command" in the appellative sense. In Chinese it would be pronounced ''lìng zuò''.

Film career

Acting

RZA has had cameo appearances in films including ''Funny People'', ''Due Date'', ''Gospel Hill'', ''Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai, Ghost Dog'', ''Life Is Hot in Cracktown'' and ''Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping''.

RZA appeared in ''Derailed (2005 film), Derailed'', ''Coffee and Cigarettes'', and ''American Gangster (film), American Gangster''. He appeared in ''G.I. Joe: Retaliation'', as the character Blind Master (G.I. Joe), Blind Master. In 2010, RZA appeared in the science fiction action film ''Repo Men''. In 2014, RZA took on the role of Tremaine Alexander in the film ''Brick Mansions'' opposite Paul Walker and David Belle, a remake of ''District 13''. He played "Mr. L.C.", the main antagonist, in the Thailand, Thai martial arts film ''Tom Yum Goong 2''.

RZA directed and starred in ''The Man with the Iron Fists'' (2012).

In 2013, RZA provided guest voices in the Robot Chicken (season 6), sixth season episode of ''Robot Chicken''. "Botched Jewel Heist", in three sketches. His first role is an anthropomorphic strawberry who is shot dead in a mob hit, causing his jelly blood to splatter onto a large slice of bread below (which was covered in the peanut-butter blood of Mr. Peanut, who was killed the same way moments before). In his second role, he plays himself, and raps about being a pescetarianism, pescetarian, although RZA had shifted from a pescetarian diet to a veganism, vegan diet in 1997. His third role was as the Halloween Road Warrior in a sketch where in a post-apocalyptic world, a family is pursued by road warriors representing forgotten holidays, who aim to kidnap their two children.

RZA played the role of Samurai Apocalypse in the television series ''Californication'' in 9 episodes.

RZA played the supporting role of Shotgun Steve in the romance film, romantic Action comedy film, action comedy movie ''Mr. Right (2015 film), Mr. Right'' with Sam Rockwell and Anna Kendrick.

RZA portrayed Dean in 2019 film ''The Dead Don't Die (2019 film), The Dead Don't Die''.

RZA narrates a character, known as Wesley, on the 2019 Netflix original series ''Day Break'' in Season 1, episode 5 named "Homecoming Redux or My So Called Stunt Double Life".

RZA portrayed Harry Mansell, brother of the protagonist, in the 2021 Action comedy film, action comedy film ''Nobody (2021 film), Nobody'' with Bob Odenkirk and Connie Nielsen.

Filmmaking

In the late '90s, RZA began production of a feature-length film based on "Bobby Digital", an alias he used on various albums. Though the film was never completed, he continued shooting music videos for his side projects and solo tracks.

RZA directed his first feature film, ''The Man with the Iron Fists'', in 2011, from a script he wrote the previous year. Directors Quentin Tarantino and Eli Roth were involved in production, writing, and casting according to several movie websites. The film was released in fall 2012.

Personal life

RZA is a Five-Percent Nation, Five Percenter and is usually seen wearing the Five-Percent Nation, 5% Nation's flag necklace around his neck. He actively extols the 5% culture (which include the Supreme Mathematics and the Supreme Alphabet). He has also embraced various aspects of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Islam, and Christianity, as he describes in his two books, ''The Wu-Tang Manual'' and ''The Tao of Wu''. He has described the Quran, The Bible, and the Lotus Sutra as three of his favorite books, stating that each contains Enlightenment (spiritual), enlightenment.

His hobbies include watching martial arts films, and he is considered an "encyclopedia of martial arts films" due to his knowledge of the genre. RZA met and befriended Shaolin Monk Shi Yan Ming after being introduced by Ol' Dirty Bastard's manager Sophia Chang. His favorite movies include ''Five Deadly Venoms'', ''The 36th Chamber of Shaolin'', ''Ninja Scroll'' and ''Fist of the North Star''. His second well-known hobby is chess. He is a Director of Development and champion of the Hip-Hop Chess Federation.

RZA is vegan and has promoted the vegan lifestyle and compassion for animals on behalf of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, PETA. Until 1997, he was a pescetarianism, pescetarian; "I tell you one thing I did use to like: the fish and chips," he stated. "But I stopped eating fish this year. One day I just felt the death in it."

RZA is a resident of Millstone Township, New Jersey.

Discography

Studio albums

* ''Bobby Digital in Stereo'' (1998)
* ''Digital Bullet'' (2001)
* ''Birth of a Prince'' (2003)
* ''Digi Snacks'' (2008)
* ''Bobby Digital And The Pit Of Snakes'' (2022)
* ''Digital Potions'' (2022)

Collaboration albums

* ''6 Feet Deep'' with Gravediggaz (1994)
* ''The Pick, the Sickle and the Shovel'' with Gravediggaz (1997)
* ''The World According to RZA'' (2003)
* ''Anything But Words'' with Banks & Steelz (2016)
* ''Saturday Afternoon Kung Fu Theater'' with DJ Scratch (2022)

Filmography

Films

Television

Video games

Awards and nominations

, -
! scope="row" , 38th Annual Grammy Awards, 1996
, ''Return to the 36 Chambers: The Dirty Version''
, rowspan="2", Grammy Award for Best Rap Album
,
, -
! scope="row" , 40th Annual Grammy Awards, 1998
, ''Wu-Tang Forever''
,
, -
! scope="row" , 57th British Academy Film Awards, 2004
, ''Kill Bill: Volume 1''
, BAFTA Award for Best Original Music
,
, -
! scope="row" , 14th Screen Actors Guild Awards, 2008
, ''American Gangster (film), American Gangster''
, Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
,
, -
! scope="row" , 72nd Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, 2020
, ''Wu-Tang: An American Saga''
, Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music
,

Bibliography

* ''The Wu-Tang Manual'' (2005)
* ''The Tao of Wu'' (2009)

References

External links

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{{Authority control

1969 births
Living people
African-American male rappers
African-American record producers
African-American songwriters
American hip hop record producers
American male film actors
American male screenwriters
East Coast hip hop musicians
MNRK Music Group artists
Epic Records artists
Five percenters
Gravediggaz members
Horrorcore artists
Male actors from New York City
Musicians from Pittsburgh
People from Millstone Township, New Jersey
People from Steubenville, Ohio
Rappers from Brooklyn
Rappers from New York City
Songwriters from New York (state)
Underground rappers
Virgin Records artists
Gee Street Records artists
Wu-Tang Clan members
Curtis High School alumni
20th-century American writers
21st-century American writers
Record producers from New York (state)
Record producers from New Jersey
Record producers from Ohio
People from Brownsville, Brooklyn
Film directors from New York City
Film directors from Ohio
Film directors from New Jersey
Screenwriters from New York (state)
21st-century American rappers
Record producers from Pennsylvania
African-American screenwriters