The Green Hornet

The Green Hornet is a superhero created in 1936 by George W. Trendle and Fran Striker, with input from radio director James Jewell. Since his 1930s radio debut, the character has appeared in numerous serialized dramas in a wide variety of media. The Green Hornet appeared in film serials in the 1940s, ''The Green Hornet'' television series in the 1960s (which costarred Bruce Lee in his first major adult role), multiple comic book series from the 1940s on, and a feature film in 2011. The franchise is owned by Green Hornet, Inc., which licenses the property across a wide variety of media that includes comics, films, TV shows, radio and books. As of the 2010s, the comic-book rights are licensed to Dynamite Entertainment.

History

Though various incarnations sometimes change details, in most versions the Green Hornet is the alter ego of Britt Reid (), wealthy young publisher of the ''Daily Sentinel'' newspaper by day. But by night, clad in a long green overcoat, gloves, green fedora hat and green mask, Reid fights crime as the mysterious vigilante known as "The Green Hornet" and is accompanied by his loyal and similarly masked partner and confidant, Kato, who drives their technologically advanced car, the "Black Beauty". Though both the police and the general public believe the Hornet to be a wanted criminal, Reid uses that perception to help him infiltrate the underworld, leaving behind for the police the criminals and any incriminating evidence he has found.

In the original radio incarnation, Britt Reid is the son of Dan Reid Jr., the nephew of the Lone Ranger (whose first name is never given, contrary to later articles), making the Green Hornet the grand-nephew of the Ranger. The relationship is alluded to at least once in the radio shows, when Dan Reid visits his son to question him on why Britt has never captured the Hornet. On learning the truth behind his son's dual identity, Dan Reid recalls his days riding with his uncle, as the ''William Tell'' Overture plays briefly and softly in the background.

Radio series

The character debuted in ''The Green Hornet'', an American radio program that premiered on January 31, 1936, on WXYZ, the same local Detroit station that originated its companion shows ''The Lone Ranger'' and ''Challenge of the Yukon''. Beginning on April 12, 1938, the station supplied the series to the Mutual Broadcasting System radio network, and then to NBC Blue and its successors, the Blue Network and ABC, from November 16, 1939, through September 8, 1950. It returned from September 10 to December 5, 1952. It was sponsored by General Mills from January to August 1948, and by Orange Crush in its brief 1952 run.

Film

Serials

''The Green Hornet'' was adapted into two movie serials, 1940's '' The Green Hornet'' and, in 1941, ''The Green Hornet Strikes Again!'' Disliking the treatment Republic gave ''The Lone Ranger'' in two serials, George W. Trendle took his property to Universal Pictures, and was much happier with the results. The first serial, titled simply '' The Green Hornet'' (1940), stars Gordon Jones in the title role, albeit dubbed by original radio Hornet Al Hodge whenever the hero's mask was in place, while ''The Green Hornet Strikes Again!'' (1941) stars Warren Hull. Keye Luke, who played the "Number One Son" in the Charlie Chan films, plays Kato in both. Also starring in both serials are Anne Nagel as Lenore Case, Britt Reid's secretary, and Wade Boteler as Mike Axford, a reporter for the ''Daily Sentinel'', the newspaper that Reid owns and publishes. Ford Beebe directed both serials, partnered by Ray Taylor on ''The Green Hornet'' and John Rawlins on ''The Green Hornet Strikes Again!'', with George H. Plympton and Basil Dickey contributing to the screenplays for both serials. ''The Green Hornet'' runs for 13 chapters while ''The Green Hornet Strikes Again!'' has 15 installments, with the Hornet and Kato smashing a different racket in each chapter. In each serial, they are all linked to a single major crime syndicate which is itself put out of business in the finale, while the radio program had the various rackets completely independent of each other.

''The Green Hornet'' (2006)

A 10-minute 2006 French short film titled ''Le frelon vert'' is based on the Green Hornet.

''The Green Hornet'' (2011)

A film version of the character had been contemplated since the 1990s, with Universal Pictures and Miramax each attempting to develop a film. Sony Pictures announced plans for a feature film of the superhero in 2008. Eventually, Sony Pictures, through its subsidiary Columbia Pictures, released an action-comedy Green Hornet feature on January 14, 2011, starring Seth Rogen, who co-wrote the script with '' Superbad'' co-writer Evan Goldberg. It was directed by Michel Gondry. Jay Chou co-starred as Kato. Also starring were Cameron Diaz as Lenore Case, Edward James Olmos as Mike Axford, David Harbour as Frank Scanlon, Christoph Waltz as the main villain Benjamin Chudnofsky, and Tom Wilkinson as James Reid.

Reboot

In 2016, Paramount Pictures and Chernin Entertainment acquired the rights to The Green Hornet and started preliminary work on developing a reboot with Gavin O'Connor as producer and director of the film and Sean O'Keefe as writer. In 2020, Amasia Entertainment gained the rights of the Green Hornet and officially teamed with Universal Pictures for the reboot titled ''Green Hornet and Kato'' with David Koepp writing the script. On June 23, 2022, Deadline reported that Leigh Whannell will direct the reboot.

Television

''The Green Hornet'' (1966)

''The Green Hornet'' is a television series shown on the ABC U.S. television network. It aired for the 1966–1967 television season and stars Van Williams as both the Green Hornet and Britt Reid, and Bruce Lee as Kato. With his insistence on using his martial arts skills, Bruce Lee stole the show as Kato. This was perhaps the first time Asian martial arts fighting was seen on American TV. The show launched Bruce Lee's career as a popular actor in the US as well as in Hong Kong. Audience interest even led to Van Williams asking to learn some martial art moves.

Williams and Lee's Green Hornet and Kato appear as anti-heroes in the second season of the ''Batman'' TV series in the two-part episode "A Piece of the Action" / "Batman's Satisfaction". The episode ended with Batman himself questioning whether or not the Green Hornet was really a criminal. Unlike the "campy" version of ''Batman'', this version of ''The Green Hornet'' was played more seriously.

Animated series

In July 2020, Kevin Smith and WildBrain announced plans to develop a ''Green Hornet'' animated series.

Comic books

Early comics

Green Hornet comic books began in December 1940. The series, titled ''Green Hornet Comics'' published by Helnit Comics (sometimes called Holyoke), with the writing attributed to Fran Striker. The stories were loosely based on episodes of the radio show. This series ended after six issues.

Several months later, Harvey Comics launched its own version, beginning with issue #7. This series lasted until issue #47 in 1949; during that time it also changed its title twice: first to ''Green Hornet Fights Crime'' (issue #34) and later to ''Green Hornet, Racket Buster'' (issue #44).

Harvey additionally used the character in the public-service one-shot ''War Victory Comics'' in 1942, and gave him one adventure in each of two issues of ''All-New Comics'', #13 (where he was also featured on the cover) and #14, in 1946.

In 1953, several months after the radio series ended, Dell Comics published a one-shot with the character (officially entitled '' Four Color'' #496). Both stories therein share titles with late-era radio episodes ("The Freightyard Robberies", June 23, 1949; and " heProof of Treason", October 17, 1952) and might be adaptations.

In 1967, Gold Key Comics produced a 3-issue series based on the TV show.

NOW Comics

In 1989, NOW Comics introduced a line of Green Hornet comics, initially written by Ron Fortier and illustrated by Jeff Butler. It attempted to reconcile the different versions of the character into a multigenerational epic. This took into account the character's ancestral connection to The Lone Ranger, though due to the legal separation of the two properties, his mask covered his entire face (as in the Republic serials) and he could not be called by name. In this interpretation, the Britt of the radio series had fought crime as the Hornet in the 1930s and 1940s before retiring. In NOW's first story, in ''Green Hornet'' #1 (November 1989), set in 1945, the nationality of the original Kato (named in this comic series Ikano Kato) is given as Japanese, but because of the American policy regarding the Japanese minority during World War II, Reid referred to Kato as Filipino in order to prevent Kato's being sent to an American internment camp.

The NOW comics considered the 1960s television character as the namesake nephew of the original, 1930s–1940s Britt Reid, referred to as "Britt Reid II" in the genealogy, who took up his uncle's mantle after a friend is assassinated. Britt Reid II eventually retired due to a heart attack, and Kato—given the first name Hayashi, after that of the first actor to play Kato on radio—goes on to become a star of ninja movies. The NOW comics established Hayashi Kato as Ikano Kato's son. Britt Reid's nephew, Paul Reid, a concert pianist, takes on the role of the Hornet after his older brother Alan, who had first taken on the mantle, is killed on his debut mission. Paul Reid is assisted by Mishi Kato, Hayashi's much-younger half-sister who was trained by Ikano Kato. Her being female caused problems between the publishers and the rights-holders, who withdrew approval of that character and mandated the return of "the Bruce Lee Kato". After Mishi's departure—explained as orders from her father to replace an injured automobile designer at the Zurich, Switzerland, facility of the family corporation, Nippon Today—Hayashi Kato returned to crime fighting alongside the Paul Reid Green Hornet. Mishi Kato returned in volume two as the Crimson Wasp, following the death of her Swiss police-officer fiancé, on orders of a criminal leader. In NOW's final two issues, vol. 2, #39–40, a fourth Kato—Kono Kato, grandson of Ikano and nephew of Hayashi and Mishi—took over as Paul Reid's fellow masked vigilante. The comics also introduced Diana Reid, the original Britt Reid's daughter, who had become district attorney after the TV series' Frank Scanlon had retired. A romantic relationship eventually formed between her and Hayashi Kato.

NOW's first series began in 1989 and lasted 14 issues. Volume Two began in 1991 and lasted 40 issues, ending in 1995 when the publisher went out of business. Kato starred solo in a four-issue miniseries in 1991, and a two-issue follow-up in 1992, both written by Mike Baron. He also wrote a third, first announced as a two-issue miniseries, then as a graphic novel, but it was never released due to the company's collapse.

''Tales of the Green Hornet'', consisting of nine issues spread out over three volumes (two, four, and three issues, respectively), presented stories of the two previous Hornets. Volume One featured Green Hornet II, and its story was plotted by Van Williams, star of the 1960s TV series, and scripted by Bob Ingersoll. The follow-ups were written by James Van Hise. Other miniseries included the three-issue ''The Green Hornet: Solitary Sentinel''; the four-issue ''Sting of the Green Hornet'', set during World War II and Clint McElroy's three-issue ''Dark Tomorrow'' (June–August 1993), featuring a criminal Green Hornet in 2080 being fought by the Kato of that era.

Discounting depictions of the cars utilized by the 1940s and 1960s Hornets, there were two versions of the Black Beauty used in the NOW comic series. The first was based on the Pontiac Banshee. The second was a four-door sedan based on the eleventh-generation Oldsmobile 98 Touring Sedan.

Dynamite Entertainment

In March 2009, Dynamite Entertainment acquired the license to produce ''Green Hornet'' comic books. Its first release was a miniseries written by Kevin Smith with pencils by Jonathan Lau. Revamped in 2010 as an ongoing series set in modern times, the new ''Green Hornet'' stars Britt Reid Jr., the rebellious and spoiled son of Britt Reid Sr., now a retired industrial and family man. When Britt Sr. is slain by the Black Hornet, a yakuza mobster whose family was shamed by the original Green Hornet, the aging but still fit Kato returns. With his daughter, Mulan Kato, who has taken over the costumed identity of her father, he brings Britt Jr. to China for training and safekeeping as he becomes the new Green Hornet. Writer Jai Nitz also wrote ''Green Hornet: Parallel Lives'', a miniseries prequel to the 2011 Green Hornet feature film.

In 2013, an eight-issue miniseries called ''Masks'' brought together famous heroes from the pulp era. It starred The Shadow, The Green Hornet and Kato, The Spider and a 1930s descendant of Zorro. It was written by Chris Roberson with art by Alex Ross and Dennis Calero.

Kevin Smith and Ralph Garman wrote a crossover title, ''Batman '66 meets the Green Hornet'', released in June 2014.

Comic strip

In 2018, the Green Hornet appeared in newspaper strips as a guest-star in Dick Tracy by Mike Curtis (script) and Joe Staton (art), continuing the trend of Tracy stories reviving characters from defunct strips.

Prose fiction

Western Publishing subsidiary Whitman Books released four works of text fiction based on the character, targeting younger readers. There were three entries in the children's line of profusely illustrated Big Little Books, ''The Green Hornet Strikes!'', ''The Green Hornet Returns'', and ''The Green Hornet Cracks Down'', in 1940, 1941 and 1942, respectively, all attributed to Fran Striker. In 1966, their line for older juveniles included ''Green Hornet: Case of the Disappearing Doctor'' by Brandon Keith, a tie-in to the television series. At about the same time, Dell Publishing released a mass-market paperback, ''The Green Hornet in The Infernal Light'' by Ed Friend, not only derived from the small-screen production as well, but, "allegedly based on one of the TV episodes".

In 2009, Moonstone Books gained the prose license and has released three Green Hornet anthologies as part of its "Chronicles" line: ''The Green Hornet Chronicles'', ''The Green Hornet Casefiles'', and ''The Green Hornet: Still at Large''.

Merchandising

Few examples of ''Green Hornet'' merchandise have appeared since the 1960s. To coincide with the 2011 movie, Factory Entertainment produced six-inch action figures and a die cast Black Beauty, among other collectibles. Hollywood Collectibles has made a full-size prop gas gun replica. Mezco Toyz has made a set of 12-inch action figures, with the prototypes donated to the Museum of the Moving Image.

CKE Restaurants, Inc., the parent company of Carl's Jr. and Hardee's, teamed with the studio on a promotional marketing partnership that included commercials featuring Seth Rogen and Jay Chou in character as the Green Hornet and Kato; a beverage promotion with Dr. Pepper; ''The Green Hornet'' food items, kids' meal toys, and employee uniforms; and a contest with the grand prize of the Black Beauty car from the film.

In June 2018, the toy company Funko released a Funko Pop of the Green Hornet.

In other popular culture

Art, entertainment, and media

* Aretha Franklin's 1967 album I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You contains the song "Save Me" which includes the lyric "Calling the Caped Crusader, Green Hornet, Kato, too / I'm in so much trouble I don't know what to do".
* The 1960s cartoon series ''Batfink'' is a parody of both Batman and the Green Hornet. Batfink rides in a pink vehicle called the Battilac, which is driven by his assistant Karate who is a martial artist.
* Bill Cosby parodied The Green Hornet in his c. 1970 syndicated five-minute daily radio program, '' The Brown Hornet'', which he revived in the late 1970s for his ''Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids'' cartoon show.
* In 1973 George Garabedian Productions on MARK56 Records released an LP of two of the radio shows. The cover included a green AMC Hornetbr>
* Inspector Clouseau's valet/houseboy is called Cato (spelled with a "C" instead of a "K"), and his car in the film '' Revenge of the Pink Panther'' (1978) is a heavily modified Citroën 2CV, "The Silver Hornet".
* The 1993 American semi-fictionalized biographical film '' Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story'', in which Jason Scott Lee portrayed Bruce Lee, features scenes involving the filming of the 1966 ''Green Hornet'' television series. Van Williams, who starred in the TV series, appeared in the film as the show's director.
* A 1994 Hong Kong film, '' Qing feng xia'', stars Kar Lok Chin as a Kato-like masked hero called the Green Hornet in English subtitles. In one scene, he is reminded of his predecessors, one of whom is represented by a picture of Bruce Lee in his TV Kato costume.
* '' Black Mask'' is a 1996 Hong Kong action film starring Jet Li. The film is an adaptation of the 1992 manhua ''Black Mask'' by Li Chi-Tak. In the film, in homage to '' The Green Hornet'', Black Mask wears a domino mask and chauffeur's cap in the same style as Kato from the series. The Black Mask is even compared to Kato in one scene. In 2002, it was followed by a sequel, '' Black Mask 2: City of Masks'' starring Andy On.
* Season 6 of ''The Venture Bros.'' introduces parody characters of Green Hornet and Kato from 1960s TV show in the form of the masked crime-fighter Blue Morpho and his assistant Kano in a flashback, the latter having later become a member of the original Team Venture. It is also revealed that Blue Morpho was the father of the orphaned villain The Monarch, and he and Henchman 21 later take on the roles of the Blue Morpho and Kano respectively.
* The 2019 movie '' Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'' depicts a sequence where fictional stuntman Cliff Booth fights Bruce Lee ( Mike Moh) on the set of the Green Hornet 1960s TV show.

People

* Mark Tennant, a Calgary alderman, was nicknamed "The Green Hornet" during World War II. During his military service with The Calgary Highlanders, it was said he "always knew where the bad guys were" during his tours as an orderly officer.

References

Further reading

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* (reprinted from ''Black Belt'' vol. 5, #10, October 1967, Rainbow Publications)
* (Movie Publisher Services, 1991)
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* (reprinted from ''Black Belt'' vol. 5, #11, November 1967, Rainbow Publications)
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External links

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The Green Hornet
at the International Catalogue of Superheroes

Green Hornet
at the Grand Comics Database

Zoot Radio, free old time radio show downloads of The Green Hornet

The Green Hornet – Original Film Serial

William Dozier
the producer and narrator of The Green Hornet TV series, has his papers preserved at the American Heritage Center.
''Masked Men: A Chronology of the Lone Ranger and the Green Hornet''

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Film serial characters
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Dynamite Entertainment characters
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Comics based on radio series
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Harvey Comics titles
NOW Comics titles
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Orphan characters in film
Orphan characters in television
Radio characters introduced in 1936
Comics characters introduced in 1940
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