Teriberka
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Teriberka (russian: Тери́берка) is a
rural locality In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are describ ...
(a '' selo'') in
Kolsky District Kolsky District (russian: Ко́льский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia.Law #96-01-ZMO As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kolsky Municipal District.Law #577-01-ZMO I ...
of
Murmansk Oblast Murmansk Oblast (russian: Му́рманская о́бласть, p=ˈmurmənskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, r=Murmanskaya oblast, ''Murmanskaya oblast''; Kildin Sami: Мурман е̄ммьне, ''Murman jemm'ne'') is a federal subject (an oblast) of ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, located on the
Barents Sea The Barents Sea ( , also ; no, Barentshavet, ; russian: Баренцево море, Barentsevo More) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located off the northern coasts of Norway and Russia and divided between Norwegian and Russian territo ...
coast, at the mouth of the river
Teriberka Teriberka (russian: Тери́берка) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') in Kolsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Barents Sea coast, at the mouth of the river Teriberka. History As a settlement, Teriberka was first menti ...
.


History

As a settlement, Teriberka was first mentioned circa 1523. Eyewitnesses from that time period confirmed the appearance of permanent Russian settlers. However, according to other sources, it was founded in the 1860s—the decade when the
Murman coast The Murman Coast (russian: Мурманский берег, no, Murmankysten) is a coastal area in Murmansk Oblast in northwest Russia. It is located on the southern side of the Barents Sea, between the Norway–Russia border and Cape Svyatoy N ...
was actively being settled.Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 23 By the end of 19th century, it was well-developed: having a church, a lighthouse, and a weather station (the first one on the Murmansk coast). Names of the geographical features of the area, such as Cape Deploranskogo, Zavalishina Lip, and others relate to the Peter's Great expedition. In the beginning of the 20th century, Teriberka had well-developed
cod Cod is the common name for the demersal fish genus '' Gadus'', belonging to the family Gadidae. Cod is also used as part of the common name for a number of other fish species, and one species that belongs to genus ''Gadus'' is commonly not call ...
and
shark Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachimo ...
fishing Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are often caught as wildlife from the natural environment, but may also be caught from stocked bodies of water such as ponds, canals, park wetlands and reservoirs. Fishing techniques inclu ...
businesses (undertaken mostly by the
Norwegians Norwegians ( no, nordmenn) are a North Germanic ethnic group and nation native to Norway, where they form the vast majority of the population. They share a common culture and speak the Norwegian language. Norwegians are descended from the N ...
who owned a factory and a store). By the end of the 1920s, the first
collective farm Collective farming and communal farming are various types of, "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member ...
was organized in the village; it included a
dairy farm Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product. Dairy farming has a history that ...
and a
reindeer Reindeer (in North American English, known as caribou if wild and ''reindeer'' if domesticated) are deer in the genus ''Rangifer''. For the last few decades, reindeer were assigned to one species, ''Rangifer tarandus'', with about 10 subspe ...
herd in addition to the fishing boats. Before
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, fishermen and dairy farm workers of the collective farm were honored several times for their achievements and were sent to the
VDNKh VDNKh may refer to: * The name of the exhibition centers in former Soviet Republics ** VDNKh (Russia), known as All-Russia Exhibition Center in 1992–2014 ** National Complex Expocenter of Ukraine (formerly "VDNH of the Ukrainian SSR") ** Exhibi ...
in
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
. A shipyard construction in the village of Lyudeyny started around the same time. Teriberka developed quickly after the war. In the 1940s–1960s, there were two fishing farms, two dairy farms, a
poultry Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, a ...
farm, a 2000-head reindeer herd, an
American mink The American mink (''Neogale vison'') is a semiaquatic species of mustelid native to North America, though human intervention has expanded its range to many parts of Europe, Asia and South America. Because of range expansion, the American mink i ...
breeding farm, and two fish processing facilities in the village, as well as shops and warehouses of the White Sea base of ''Goslov'' (a government-sponsored organization of skilled workers). Repair facilities of the shipyard were working at their full capacity and were being expanded. Active construction of housing and public organizations was underway. The village had a stadium, a community center, workers' clubs of the shipyard, a fish processing facility, a Young Pioneers club, two schools (elementary and secondary), a boarding school for children from the coastal settlements, one inpatient and one outpatient hospital, and an ambulance station. Teriberka became the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of a district and was growing and developing at a very fast rate. The downfall began in the 1960s, when the district was transferred to the jurisdiction of the town of
Severomorsk Severomorsk (russian: Северомо́рск), known as Vayenga () until April 18, 1951, is a closed town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. Severomorsk is the main administrative base of the Russian Northern Fleet. The town is located on the coast ...
. As ship tonnage increased and fishing fleets were able to travel more easily in the open ocean, the coastal fishing business became less important. A newly constructed fish processing complex in Murmansk put smaller processing facilities in Teriberka out of business. During the process of "enlargement", the collective farm "Murmanets" was abolished along with its mink farm. ''Goslov'''s White Sea base fell apart, the reindeer herd was transferred to the village of Lovozero, and the fish processing plant was shut down because large fishing vessels were not able to enter the river from the ocean. In the 1980s, a school of
salmon Salmon () is the common name for several list of commercially important fish species, commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the family (biology), family Salmonidae, which are native to tributary, tributaries of the ...
was destroyed during the construction of the
Teriberka River Teriberka River (russian: Териберка; sjd, Терберк) is a river in the north of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It flows into the Barents Sea about 50 km east of Murmansk. It is long, and has a drainage basin o ...
hydroelectric Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies one sixth of the world's electricity, almost 4500 TWh in 2020, which is more than all other renewable sources combined and ...
plants. In the 2000s, the village was again subordinated to the district instead of the town of Severomorsk.


Climate


In popular culture

The 2014 Russian drama movie ''
Leviathan Leviathan (; he, לִוְיָתָן, ) is a sea serpent noted in theology and mythology. It is referenced in several books of the Hebrew Bible, including Psalms, the Book of Job, the Book of Isaiah, the Book of Amos, and, according to some ...
'', which won a Golden Globe in 2015, was filmed in Teriberka (also in Kirovsk and Olenegorsk).WeirdRussia.co
Teriberka: Leviathan filming location
/ref>


Notable people

*
Aleksandra Andreevna Antonova Aleksandra Andreevna Antonova (Kildin Sámi language, Са̄нндрэ Антонова; Northern Sami, Sandra Antonova; 5 May 1932 – 8 October 2014) was a Russian, Kildin Sámi teacher, writer, poet and translator. Antonova, who was an active ...
(1932–2014), Kildin Sámi teacher, writer, poet, translator


References


Notes


Sources

* {{Authority control Rural localities in Murmansk Oblast Kolsky District Kolsky Uyezd