Ethnic groups in Equatorial Guinea

This article is about the demographics, demographic features of the population of Equatorial Guinea, including population density, Ethnic group, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Population

According to the 2022 revision of the world factbook the total population was 1,679,172 in 2022. The proportion of children below the age of 14 in 2020 was 38.73%, 57.35% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.92% was 65 years or older.

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020):

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Equatorial Guinea not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):

Fertility data as of 2011 (DHS Program):

Life expectancy

Ethnic groups

Peoples considered as natives

The majority of the people of Equatorial Guinea are of Bantu peoples, Bantu origin. The largest ethnic group, the Fang people, Fang, are indigenous to the mainland, but substantial migration to Bioko Island has resulted in Fang dominance over the earlier Bubi inhabitants. The Fang constitute 80% of the population and are themselves divided into 67 clans. Those in the northern part of Rio Muni speak Fang-Ntumu, while those in the south speak Fang-Okah; the two dialects are mutually unintelligible. The Bubi people, Bubi, who constitute 15% of the population, are indigenous to Bioko Island.

In addition, there are coastal ethnic groups, collectively referred to as ''Ndowe'' or ''Playeros'' ("Beach People" in Spanish language, Spanish): Combe people, Combes, Bujeba people, Bujebas, Balengue people, Balengues and Benga people, Bengas on the mainland and small islands and a Fernandinos, Fernandino community of Sierra Leone Krio people, Krio descended people on Bioko. Together, these groups compose 5% of the population.

Two small groups of Pygmy peoples, Pygmies also inhabit the country, the Beyele and the Bokuign, the former being located in the Altos de Nsork National Park, Altos de Nsork region. Their population is dwindling, them being subjected to heavy pressure from their neighbours, who don't even consider them as human.

8,800 black and white mixed race people, named Fernandino peoples, also live in Equatorial Guinea. The Asian Africans, the Fernandino peoples and the White Africans represent 10% of the total population of Equatorial Guinea.

Recently immigrated peoples

Some Europeans (largely of Spanish people, Spanish or Portuguese people, Portuguese descent) – among them mixed with African ethnicity – also live in the nation. Most Spaniards left after independence. There is a growing number of foreigners from neighboring Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Equatorial Guinea received Asians and black Africans from other countries as workers on Cocoa bean, cocoa and coffee plantations. In the late 20th century, Equatorial Guinea became home to more than 80,000 Hispanics from Mexico, Central America, and other Spanish speaking nations in the Americas. 17,000 Spanish people and 5,000 Chinese people also live in Equatorial Guinea. The non-Africans living in Equatorial Guinea represent almost 10% of the nation's total population. Other black Africans came from Liberia, Angola, and Mozambique, and Asians are mostly Han Chinese, Chinese with small numbers of Indians. Equatorial Guinea also allowed many fortune-seeking European settlers of other nationalities, including British people, British, French people, French and Germans. After independence, thousands of Equatorial Guineans went to Spain. Another 100,000 Equatorial Guineans went to Cameroon, Gabon, and Nigeria because of dictatorship of Francisco Macías Nguema. Some of its communities also live in Brazil, United States, Spain, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Portugal, and France.

Languages

Spanish language, Spanish, French language, French, English language, English and Portuguese language, Portuguese are the official languages and spoken as second languages. Spanish is the language of education, and for this reason a majority of the population (about 88%) can speak it, though only about 10–15% have a high competence in the language. Annobonese speak a Portuguese Creole, named Annobonese language, Annobonese, as their first language. Asian migrants and descendants of European settlers (mostly Spaniards, Britons and Portuguese people, Portuguese) usually speak their ancestral languages along with Spanish. Other Africans usually speak their native languages and their nation's official languages – English and Igbo language, Igbo for Nigerians; English for Demographics of Cameroon, Cameroonians and Demographics of Liberia, Liberians; French for Demographics of Cameroon, Cameroonians and Languages of Gabon, Gabonese; and Portuguese language, Portuguese for Angolans and Demographics of Mozambique, Mozambicans. The latter was made an official language since July 13, 2007. 82% of first foreign language learners choose the French language and 18% the English language. The Roman Catholic Church has greatly influenced both religion and education.

Languages of traditional names

Equatoguineans tend to have both a Spanish first name and an African first and last name. When written, the Spanish and African first names are followed by the father's first name (which becomes the principal surname) and the mother's first name. Thus people may have up to four names, with a different surname for each generation.

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.
*One birth every 11 minutes
*One death every 41 minutes
*One net migrant every 41 minutes
*Net gain of one person every 11 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.

Population

:1,679,173 (2022 est.)
:836,178 (July 2020 est.)
:''note'': 2002 census results claim 1,015,000 residents, although this most likely was inflated in anticipation for the December election.

Languages

Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portuguese (official), French (official), Portuguese-based Creoles spoken in Ano Bom) 32.4% (1994 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2010 est.)

Age structure

:''0-14 years:'' 38.73% (male 164,417 /female 159,400)
:''15-24 years:'' 19.94% (male 84,820 /female 81,880)
:''25-54 years:'' 32.72% (male 137,632 /female 135,973)
:''55-64 years:'' 4.69% (male 17,252 /female 22,006)
:''65 years and over:'' 3.92% (male 13,464 /female 19,334) (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

:3.5% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 5th
:2.35% (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th

Birth rate

:29.95 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 30th
:30.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 31st

Death rate

:8.95 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 62nd
:7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 112th

Total fertility rate

:4.26 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 24th
:4.11 children born/woman (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th

Median age

:total: 20.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 192nd
:male: 19.9 years
:female: 20.7 years (2020 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

:12.6% (2011)

Net migration rate

:13.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
:0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 81st

Dependency ratios

:total dependency ratio: 64.4 (2020 est.)
:youth dependency ratio: 60.5 (2020 est.)
:elderly dependency ratio: 3.9 (2020 est.)
:potential support ratio: 25.5 (2020 est.)

Urbanization

:urban population: 74% of total population (2022)
:rate of urbanization: 3.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

:urban population: 73.1% of total population (2020)
:rate of urbanization: 4.28% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

Sex ratio

''at birth:''
1.03 male(s)/female

''under 15 years:''
1.03 male(s)/female

''15–64 years:''
0.93 male(s)/female

''65 years and over:''
0.7 male(s)/female

''total population:''
1 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

:total population: 63.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 206th
:male: 61.44 years
:female: 66.03 years (2022 est.)

:total population: 65.7 years (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 192nd
:male: 64.4 years (2020 est.)
:female: 66.9 years (2020 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
:total population: 95.3% (2015 est.)
:male: 97.4% (2015 est.)
:female: 93% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases

:degree of risk: very high (2020)
:food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
:vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
:animal contact diseases: rabies

See also

*Equatorial Guinea

References

{{Africa in topic, Demographics of

Demographics of Equatorial Guinea,