This is a list of ancient cities, towns, villages, and fortresses in and around Thrace and Dacia. A number of these settlements were Dacian and

Thracian The Thracians (; grc, Θρᾷκες ''Thrāikes''; la, Thraci) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Eastern and Southeastern Europe in ancient history.. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied ...

, but some were Celtic,

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

Paeonian In antiquity, Paeonia or Paionia ( grc, Παιονία, Paionía) was the land and kingdom of the Paeonians or Paionians ( grc, Παίονες, Paíones). The exact original boundaries of Paeonia, like the early history of its inhabitants, a ...

, or

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

. A number of cities in

Dacia Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It ...

and

Thrace Thrace (; el, Θράκη, Thráki; bg, Тракия, Trakiya; tr, Trakya) or Thrake is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to ...

were built on or close to the sites of preexisting Dacian or Thracian settlements. Some settlements in this list may have a double entry, such as the Paeonian ''Astibo'' and

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

''Astibus''. It is believed that Thracians did not build true cities even if they were named as such; the largest Thracian settlements were large villages.The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond ,, 1992, page 612: "Thrace possessed only fortified areas and cities such as Cabassus would have been no more than large villages. In general the population lived in villages and hamlets..." The only known attempt to build a

polis ''Polis'' (, ; grc-gre, πόλις, ), plural ''poleis'' (, , ), literally means "city" in Greek. In Ancient Greece, it originally referred to an administrative and religious city center, as distinct from the rest of the city. Later, it also ...

by the Thracians was

Seuthopolis Seuthopolis (Ancient Greek: Σευθόπολις) was an ancient hellenistic-type city founded by the Thracian king Seuthes III between 325–315 BC and the capital of the Odrysian kingdom. Its ruins are now located at the bottom of the Koprinka ...

.,The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 by Christopher Webber, , 2001, page 1, "...the city of Seuthopolis seems to be the only significant town in Thrace not built by Greeks..." although Strabo considered the Thracian cities with "bria" ending polises. Some of the Dacian settlements and fortresses employed the traditional Murus Dacicus construction technique. Note: Throughout these lists, an asterisk indicates that the

toponym Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of ...

is reconstructed.

Daco-Thracian

Many city names were composed of an initial lexical element affixed to ''-dava'', ''-daua'', ''-deva'', ''-deba'', ''-daba'', or ''-dova'', which meant "city" or "town" Endings on more southern regions are exclusively ''-bria'' ("town, city"), ''-disza'', ''-diza'', ''-dizos'' ("fortress, walled settlement"), ''-para'', ''-paron'', ''-pera'', ''-phara'' ("town, village"). Strabo translated -bria as polis, but that may not be accurate. Thracian ''-disza'', ''-diza'', and ''-dizos'' are derived from

Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo- ...

''*dheigh-'', "to knead clay", hence to "make bricks", "build walls", "wall", "walls", and so on. These Thracian lexical items show a

satemization Languages of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European family are classified as either centum languages or satem languages according to how the dorsal consonants (sounds of "K", "G" and "Y" type) of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European langu ...

of PIE ''*gh-''.

Cognates In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words in different languages that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language. Because language change can have radical eff ...

include

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...

''teichos'' ("wall, fort, fortified town", as in the town of

Didymoteicho Didymoteicho ( el, Διδυμότειχο, Didymóteicho ) is a city located on the eastern edge of the Evros regional unit of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, in northeastern Greece. It is the seat of the municipality of the same name. The town ...

) and Avestan ''da?za'' ("wall"). It is suggested that the "dava" endings are from the

Dacian language Dacian is an extinct language, generally believed to be Indo-European, that was spoken in the Carpathian region in antiquity. In the 1st century, it was probably the predominant language of the ancient regions of Dacia and Moesia and possib ...

, while the rest from the

Thracian language The Thracian language () is an extinct and poorly attested language, spoken in ancient times in Southeast Europe by the Thracians. The linguistic affinities of the Thracian language are poorly understood, but it is generally agreed that it wa ...

. However "dava" towns can be found as south as

Sandanski Sandanski ( bg, Сандански ; el, Σαντάνσκι, formerly known as Sveti Vrach, bg, Свети Врач, until 1947) is a town and a recreation centre in south-western Bulgaria, part of Blagoevgrad Province. Named after the Bulga ...

and Plovdiv. Some "dava" toponyms contain the same linguistic features as "diza" toponyms, e.g. Pirodiza and Pirodava. The first written mention of the name "Dacians" is in Roman sources. Strabo specified that the Daci are the Getae, identified as a Thracian tribe. The Dacians, Getae and their kings were always considered as Thracians by the ancients (Dio Cassius, Trogus Pompeius, Appian, Strabo, Herodotus and Pliny the Elder) and were said to speak the same language. The

is considered a variety of the

. Such lexical differentiation -dava vs. para, would be hardly enough evidence to separate Dacian from Thracian, thus they are classified as dialects. It is also possible that '-dava' and '-bria' mean two different things in the same language, rather than meaning the same thing in two different languages. Thus bria could have been used for urbanized settlements, similar in scale and design to those of the "civilised" peoples like Greeks and Romans, whereas '-dava' could mean a settlement which is rural, being situated in the steppe-like part of the Thracian lands. * Abydos *

Acidava Acidava (''Acidaua'') was a Dacian and later Roman fortress on the Olt river near the lower Danube. The settlements remains are located in today's Enoşeşti, Olt County, Oltenia, Romania. History After the Roman conquest of Dacia by Roman ...

(''Acidaua''), a fortress town close to the

Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...

, located in today's Piatra-Olt,

Olt County Olt County () is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (the regions are separated by the Olt river). The capital city is Slatina. History On 24 August 2017, the Olt County ...

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...

Acmonia Acmonia or Akmonia ( grc, Ἀκμονία) is an ancient city of Phrygia Pacatiana, in Asia Minor, now known as Ahat Köyü. It is mentioned by Cicero (Pro Flacco, 15) and was a point on the road between Dorylaeum and Philadelphia. Under the R ...

* Abdera * Acatapara * Aedava (''Aedeva'', ''Aedabe'', ''Aedeba'' or ''Aedadeba''), placed by

Procopius Procopius of Caesarea ( grc-gre, Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς ''Prokópios ho Kaisareús''; la, Procopius Caesariensis; – after 565) was a prominent late antique Greek scholar from Caesarea Maritima. Accompanying the Roman gen ...

on the Danubian road between Augustae and Variana, in Moesia (the present Northern

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...

) * Aedeva, modern

Pernik Pernik ( bg, Перник ) is a town in western Bulgaria (about south-west of Sofia) with a population of 70,285 . Pernik is the most populated town in western Bulgaria after Sofia. It is the main town of Pernik Province and lies on both bank ...

* Agatapara * Ahypara *

Aiadava Aiadava (''Aiadaba'' or ''Aeadaba'', gr, Αἰάδαβα) was a Dacian town in the Remesiana region, present day Bela Palanka, Serbia. After the Romans conquered Moesia in the 75 BC, the new castrum (imperial domain with estates) and municip ...

(''Aiadaba'' or ''Aeadaba'', gr, Αἰάδαβα), a locality in the

Remesiana Remesiana (Byzantine Greek: Ρεμεσιανισία) was an ancient Roman city and former bishopric, which remains an Eastern Orthodox and also a Latin Catholic titular see, located around and under the modern city of Bela Palanka in Serbia. R ...

region in present-day

Bela Palanka Bela Palanka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бела Паланка, ) is a town and municipality located in the Pirot District of southeastern Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the population of the town is 8,143, and the population of the municipality i ...

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungar ...

* Aizis * Alaaibria (''Aixis'', ''Aixim'', ''Airzis'', ''Azizis'', ''Azisis'', ''Aizisis'', ''Alzisis'', ''Aigis'', ''Aigizidava*'', ''Zizis''), mentioned by Emperor

Trajan Trajan ( ; la, Caesar Nerva Traianus; 18 September 539/11 August 117) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117. Officially declared ''optimus princeps'' ("best ruler") by the senate, Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presi ...

in Dacica * Amutria (''Amutrion'', ''Amutrium'', grc, Ἀμούτριον), a Dacian town close to the

, possibly today's

Motru Motru () is a city in Romania, Gorj County. It is situated on the river Motru in western Oltenia. The county capital Târgu Jiu is located about 35 km northeast. The city administers eight villages: Dealu Pomilor, Horăști, Însurăței, ...

, Gorj County,

* Apulon (''Apoulon'', ''Apula''), a fortress city close to modern

Alba-Iulia Alba Iulia (; german: Karlsburg or ''Carlsburg'', formerly ''Weißenburg''; hu, Gyulafehérvár; la, Apulum) is a city that serves as the seat of Alba County in the west-central part of Romania. Located on the Mureș River in the historical ...

from which the

name of Apulum is derived * Arcina ('' Arcinna''), a fortress town in

Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and s ...

* Apsynthus * Arcobadara *

Argedava Argedava (''Argedauon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', grc, Αργεδαυον, Σαργεδαυον) was an important Dacians, Dacian town mentioned in the Decree of Dionysopolis (48 BC), and potentially ...

(''Argedauon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', grc, Αργεδαυον, Σαργεδαυον), mentioned in the

Decree of Dionysopolis The Decree of Dionysopolis was written around 48 BC by the citizens of Dionysupolis, Dionysopolis (today's Balchik, on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria) to Akornion, who traveled far away in a diplomatic mission to meet somebody's farther in ''Argeda ...

, potentially the dava discovered at Popești, a district in the town of

Mihăilești Mihăilești is a town located in Giurgiu County, Muntenia, Romania. It administers three villages: Drăgănescu, Novaci and Popești. It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program. The town sta ...

, Giurgiu County,

and maybe

Burebista Burebista ( grc, Βυρεβίστας, Βοιρεβίστας) was the king of the Getae and Dacian tribes from 82/61BC to 45/44BC. He was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the Dacian kingdom, which comprised the area loca ...

's court or capital * Argidava (''Argidaua'', ''Arcidava'', ''Arcidaua'', ''Argedava'', ''Argedauon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', grc, Ἀργίδαυα, Αργεδαυον, Σαργεδαυον), potentially

's court or capital, located in today's

Vărădia Vărădia ( hu, Varadia) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, Banat, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Mercina (''Mercsény'') and Vărădia. It is located near the border with Serbia, on the river Caraș, at a distance of from Oravi ...

Caraș-Severin County Caraș-Severin () is a county ( județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia. The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat, with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania. The county seat is Reșița ...

* Artanes, modern Lom * Arutela * Apulon * Atipara * Authiparu *

Bergula Bergule or Bergula or Bergoule ( grc, Βεργούλη), also Bergulium or Bergoulion (Βεργούλιον), also called Bergulae or Virgulae, was a town in ancient Thrace, which was in later times called Arcadiopolis, Arcadiupolis, or Arkadioupo ...

* Berzobis, ancient Bârzava, Romania * Bataldeua * Bazopara * Bediza * Belaidipara * Bendipara * Beodiza *

, modern ( Luleburgaz) * Beripara *

Beroea Beroea (or Berea) was an ancient city of the Hellenistic period and Roman Empire now known as Veria (or Veroia) in Macedonia (Greece), Macedonia, Northern Greece. It is a small city on the eastern side of the Vermio Mountains north of Mount Olympus ...

, modern Stara Zagora * Bessapara of the Bessi tribe, today

Sinitovo Sinitovo () is a village in central Bulgaria. It is located 5 km. east of Pazardzhik. As of 2005 the population was 2160. It is located at an altitude of in a fertile agricultural region near the Maritsa river. The main products grown in the area i ...

Bizye Vize ( el, Βιζύη, bg, Виза) is a town and district of Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. The district governor is Elif Canan Tuncer, and the mayor is Ercan Özalp ( CHP). According to the Turkish Statistical Institu ...

, capital of the Odrysae * Bolbabria * Bortudiza * Bospara * Bregedava * Breierphara, near modern

Komotini Komotini ( el, Κομοτηνή, tr, Gümülcine, bg, Комотини) is a city in the region of East Macedonia and Thrace, northeastern Greece. It is the capital of the Rhodope. It was the administrative centre of the Rhodope-Evros super-p ...

* Brentopara * Briparon * Buatpara *

Buricodava Buricodava was a Dacian town. See also * Dacian davae * List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia * Dacia * Roman Dacia Roman Dacia ( ; also known as Dacia Traiana, ; or Dacia Felix, 'Fertile/Happy Dacia') was a Roman province, provinc ...

Buridava Buridava (''Burridava'') was a Dacian town. situated in Dacia, later Dacia Apulensis, now Romania, on the banks of the river Aluta, now Olt. Ancient sources Ptolemy's Geographia Tabula Peutingeriana Etymology The name is Geto- ...

('' Burridava''), today's Ocnele Mari, Romania * Burtudiza * Busipara * Buteridava *

Cabassus Cabassus or Kabassos ( grc, Καβασσός), or Cabessus or Kabessos (Καβησσός), or Kabissos, was a town of ancient Cataonia or Cappadocia between Tarsus and Mazaca. It was inhabited during Roman and Byzantine The Byzantine E ...

* Capidava ('' Kapidaua''), a fortress town on the southern side of the lower

Caria Caria (; from Greek: Καρία, ''Karia''; tr, Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid- Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Ionian and Dorian Greeks colonized the west of it and joined ...

, modern

Shabla Shabla ( bg, Шабла ) is a town and seaside resort in northeastern Bulgaria, administrative centre of the Shabla Municipality part of Dobrich Province. Shabla municipality includes the following villages: Bojanovo, Chernomortsi, Durankulak, ...

* Carsidava or Karsidaua * Cedonia, near

Sibiu Sibiu ( , , german: link=no, Hermannstadt , la, Cibinium, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'', hu, Nagyszeben ) is a city in Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles the Ci ...

* Chesdupara * Cleipadava * Crenides * Cumidava (''Comidava'', ''Komidaua''), ancient Râșnov, Romania * Cumlideva * Cypasis * Danedebai, * Dausdava (''Dausadava'', ''Dausdavua''), "The shrine of wolves", a fortress town close to the

* Debelt * Dentheletica, capital of the Dentheletae tribe, modern Kyustendil * Desudaba or Maedius of the Maedi tribe, modern

* Diacum * Dierna (castra), Dierna * Dinogetia, located above the

delta * Docidava or Dokidaua * Dodopara * Drabeskos * Drobeta (ancient city), Drobeta, located on the left bank of the

at Turnu Severin * Drusipara * Egeta * Ergines * Eumolpias, later Pulpudeva translating ''Philippopolis'', the name resulted in modern Plovdiv, prehistoric settlement * Gatae * Gazoros * Gellipara * Genucla, settlement located south of the Danube * Germania in Dacia, Germania, "hot water", modern Sapareva Banya, site of the Dentheletae tribe * Germisara (ancient city), Germisara "hot water" * Gildova (''Gildoba''), located along the Vistula river * Giridava * Hesdupara * Iamphorynna, capital of the Maedi tribe * Itadeba (''Itadava'') * Isgipara * Ismara * Istria (Olbia) * Jidava, near Câmpulung, Câmpulung Muscel, Romania * Jidova * Kabyle (ancient city), Kabyle of the Kabileti tribe, capital of the Odrysae * Keliadeva * Keirpara * Keriparon * Kipsela, modern Ipsala * Kirpiza * Kistidiza * Klepidaua * Krabnopara * Krasalopara * Kuimedaba * Longinopara * Lygos, modern Istanbul * Malva, (Dacia), Malva, a Dacian settlement where Roman Romula was built * Marcodava (Dacia) (''Markodaua'') * Maskiobria * Melsambria, modern Nessebar * Melta, modern Lovech * Murideba * Mutzipara* Napoca (ancient city), Napoca, ancient Cluj-Napoca, Romania * Naulochas, modern Obzor * Nentinava (''Netindaua''), ancient Slobozia, Romania * Nentivava, ancient Olteniţa, Romania * Netindava * Nipsa near Kamchiya, Panisus * Oescus of the Triballi tribe * Odryssa or Uscudama, modern Edirne, capital of the Odrysae or Bessi tribe * Onokarsis, capital residence of the Odrysae, possibly modern Starosel * Orsudisza * Ostudiza * Patridava (city), Patridava (''Patridaua'') * Patruissa * Pelendava (''Pelendova''), ancient Craiova, Romania * Perburidava * Perperikon * Pinon, Dacia, Pinon * Piroboridava * Petra, fort of Maedi * Petrodava (dava), Petrodava (''Petrodaua''), located in Piatra Neamț * Piroboridava (''Piroboridaua'') * Pizos * Polondava * Polymbria * Potaissa (''Patavissa''), ancient Turda, Romania * Predava * Priskupera * Quemedava, mentioned by Procopius in DardaniaEthnic continuity in the Carpatho-Danubian area by Elemér Illyés, 1988, , page 223 * Ramidava (''Rhamidaua'') * Ratiaria * Recidava *

* Romboses * Rusidava (''Rusidava'') * Ruconium * Sacidava (Dacia), Sacidava (''Sacidaba'') * Sagadava * Salmydessos, modern Kıyıköy, residence of the Odrysae * Sandava (city), Sandava * Sangidaua * Sarmizegetusa Regia, Sarmizegetusa (''Sarmisegetuza''), Decebalus's capital and holy place * Scaidava (''Skedeba'') * Scaptopara, of the Dentheletae tribe, modern Blagoevgrad * Scaripara * Scedabria * Scelabria * Scept * Selymbria, modern Silivri in European TurkeyAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 465: "Megara was principal or sole founder of...Kalchedo...Selymbria...Byzantion...Astakos...Herakleia pontike and possible Olbia..." * Serdica of the Serdi tribe, modern Sofia * Setidava (''Setidaua''), mentioned by Ptolemy as a thriving settlement *

* Singidava (''Singidaua'') * Heraclea Sintica, Sintica of the Sintoi tribe * Skaripara * Skaskopara * Spinopara * Stratopara * Strupil * Subzupara * Sucidava (''Suvidava'', ''Sukidaua''), located in Corabia, Olt County, Romania * Susudava, mentioned by Ptolemy as a thriving settlement * Sykidaba * Tamasidava (''Tamasidaua'') * Tarpodiza * Tapae, a Dacian outpost guarding Sarmisegetuza and the site of two Battle of Tapae (disambiguation), major battles between Dacians and Romans * Teichos, residence of the Odryssae * Therma of the Mygdones tribe, modern Thessaloniki *Thermidava, placed by Ptolemy on the Lissus (Illyria), Lissus-Naissus route. The toponym is most probably a misreading of a settlement which most scholars in contemporary research locate near present-day Banat, Serbia. * Thynia, town of the Thyni * Tibiscum * Tirista (''Tsirista'') * Tranopara * Tranupara * Tsgipera * Tsierna (''Dierna (castra), Dierna'') * Tyrida * Tyrodiza * Urdoviza, modern Kiten, Burgas Province, Kiten * Utidava (city), Utidava (''Utidaua'') * Zalcdaba * Zaldapa * Zargidava (''Zargidaua'') * Zburulus * Sarmicegetusa * Zeugma, Dacia, Zeugma * Zesutera * Zidava * Zikideva * Zimnicea, site where Alexander the Great fought the Dacians * Ziridava (''Ziridaua''), identified archaeologically with Pecica, Arad, Romania * Zirmai * Zisnudeba * Zisnedeva (''Zisnudeva'', ''Zisnudeba''), located in Dacian Moesia * Zucidaua * Zurobara * Zusidava (Dacia), Zusidava Thraciae-veteris-typvs

Unknown names

: Dacian fortress of Aghireșu, Aghireșu : Dacian fortress of Ardan, Ardan : Dacian fortress of Ardeu, Ardeu : Dacian fortress of Arpașu de Sus, Arpașu de Sus : Dacian fortress of Augustin, Augustin : Dacian fortress of Băile Tușnad, Băile Tușnad : Dacian fortress of Băleni-Români, Băleni-Români : Dacian fortress of Bănița, Bănița : Dacian fortress of Bâzdâna, Bâzdâna : Dacian fortress of Beidaud, Beidaud : Dacian fortress of Bocșa, Bocșa : Dacian fortress of Boroșneu Mic, Boroșneu Mic : Dacian fortress of Boșorod, Boșorod : Dacian fortress of Botfei, Botfei : Dacian fortress of Breaza, Breaza : Dacian fortress of Bretea Mureșană, Bretea Mureșană : Dacian fortress of Bucium, Bucium : Dacian fortress of Căpâlna, Căpâlna : Dacian fortress of Cernat, Cernat : Dacian fortress of Cetățeni, Cetățeni : Dacian fortress of Cioclovina, Cioclovina : Dacian fortress of Clopotiva, Clopotiva : Costești-Blidaru Dacian fortress, "Costești-Blidaru" : Costești-Cetățuie Dacian fortress, "Costești-Cetățuie" : Dacian fortress of Cotnari, Cotnari : Dacian fortress of Coțofenii din Dos, Coțofenii din Dos : Dacian fortress of Covasna, Covasna : Dacian fortress of Cozia, Cozia : Dacian fortress of Crăsanii de Jos, Crăsanii de Jos : Dacian fortress of Crivești, Crivești : Dacian fortress of Crizbav, Crizbav : Dacian fortress of Cuciulata, Cuciulata : Dacian fortress of Cucuiș - Dealul Golu, "Cucuiș - Dealul Golu" : Dacian fortress of Cucuiș - Vârful Berianului, "Cucuiș - Vârful Berianului" : Dacian fortress of Cugir, Cugir : Dacian fortress of Cârlomănești, Cârlomănești : Dacian fortress of Dalboșeț, Dalboșeț : Dacian fortress of Densuș, Densuș : Dacian fortress of Divici, Divici : Dacian fortress of Drajna de Sus, Drajna de Sus : Dacian fortress of Dumitrița, Dumitrița : Dacian fortress of Eliseni, Eliseni : Dacian fortress of Feldioara, Feldioara : Fețele Albe Dacian fortress, "Fețele Albe" : Dacian fortress of Grădiștea de Munte, Grădiștea de Munte : Dacian fortress of Iedera de Jos, Iedera de Jos : Dacian fortress of Feleac, Feleac : Dacian fortress of Jigodin, Jigodin : Dacian fortress of Liubcova, Liubcova : Dacian fortress of Mala Kopania, Mala Kopania : Dacian fortress of Marca, Marca : Dacian fortress of Mataraua, Mataraua : Dacian fortress of Merești, Merești : Dacian fortress of Moinești, Moinești : Dacian fortress of Monariu, Monariu : Dacian fortress of Monor, Monor : Dacian fortress of Moșna, Moșna : Dacian fortress of Ocolișu Mic, Ocolișu Mic : Dacian fortress of Odorheiu Secuiesc, Odorheiu Secuiesc : Dacian fortress of Olteni, Olteni : Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains, Orăștie Mountains : Dacian fortress of Petrila, Petrila : Dacian fortress of Petroșani, Petroșani : Piatra Roșie Dacian fortress, "Piatra Roșie" : Dacian fortress of Pietroasa Mică, Pietroasa Mică : Dacian fortress of Pinticu, Pinticu : Dacian fortress of Pisculești, Pisculești : Dacian fortress of Poiana cu Cetate, Poiana cu Cetate : Dacian fortress of Polovragi, Polovragi : Dacian fortress of Ponor, Ponor : Dacian fortress of Popești (Călărași), Popești (Călărași) : Dacian fortress of Porumbenii Mari, Porumbenii Mari : Dacian fortress of Praid, Praid : Dacian fortress of Racoș, Racoș : Dacian fortress of Racu, Racu : Dacian fortress of Radovanu - Gorgana I, Radovanu - Gorgana I : Dacian fortress of Radovanu - Jidovescu, Radovanu - Jidovescu : Dacian fortress of Roadeș, Roadeș : Dacian fortress of Rovinari, Rovinari : Dacian fortress of Rușor, Rușor : Dacian fortress of Sacalasău, Sacalasău : Dacian fortress of Satu Mare (Harghita), Satu Mare (Harghita) : Dacian fortress of Satu Nou, Satu Nou : Dacian fortress of Sânzieni, Sânzieni : Dacian fortress of Seimeni, Seimeni : Dacian fortress of Socol, Socol : Dacian fortress of Sprâncenata, Sprâncenata : Dacian fortress of Stâncești, Stâncești : Dacian fortress of Stoina, Stoina : Dacian fortress of Șeica Mică, Șeica Mică : Dacian fortress of Tășad, Tășad : Dacian fortress of Telița, Telița : Dacian fortress of Teliu, Teliu : Dacian fortress of Tilișca, Tilișca : Dacian fortress of Timișu de Jos, Timișu de Jos : Dacian fortress of Turia, Turia : Dacian fortress of Unip, Unip : Dacian fortress of Uroi, Uroi : Dacian fortress of Valea Seacă, Valea Seacă : Dacian fortress of Viișoara Moșneni, Viișoara Moșneni : Dacian fortress of Zemplín, Zemplín : Dacian fortress of Zetea, Zetea

Thraco-Illyrian

* Chesdupara * Daradapara * Skopje, Scupi of the Dardani tribe * Sirmium

Greek and Macedon

Thrace, from Strymon to Nestos

* Amphipolis, founded by colonists from Athens * AkontismaAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 856 * Antisara * Creston, Crestonia, Creston, modern Kilkis * Datos, founded by colonists from ThasosAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 855: "The Thasians... they founded Krenides and Daton" * Drabeskos * Eion, founded by colonists from Athens * Ennea Hodoi * Galepsus (Edonis), Galepsus, founded by colonists from Thasos * Gasoros * Heraclea Sintica * Crenides (Thrace), Krenides, founded by colonists from Thasos * Mastira, mentioned by Demosthenes (341 BCE) in his "The Oration on the State of the Chersonesus". This town was unknown to the scholar Harpocration (100-200 CE), who suggests that instead of "Mastira" we should read "Bastira", a known Thracian town of that name. * Myrkinos, founded by colonists from MiletusAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 782, "The Thasians are said to have colonised the Hedonian city of Myrkinos, Galepsos and Oisyme..." in 497 BC * Neapolis (Colony), Neapolis, founded by colonists from Thasos, modern Kavala * Oesyme, founded by colonists from Thasos * ParoikopolisAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 857 * Pergamos (polis), Pergamos * Phagres, founded by colonists from Thasos * Philippi, founded by Philip II of Macedon, rebuilt Crenides * Philippopolis (Thrace), Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv) * Pistyros, founded by colonists from Thasos * Sirra, founded by Philip II of Macedon, rebuilt town of the Siriopeoni, modern Serres * Skapte Hyle * Skotoussa (polis), Skotoussa * Tristolos

Thrace, from Nestos to Hebros

* Abdera, founded by colonists from Klazomenai * Enez, Ainos (''Poltymbria'') founded by colonists from Alopeke, Mytilene, and Kyme (Aeolis), Kyme * Bergepolis, founded by colonists from Abdera * Doriskos * Drys (Colony), Drys, founded by colonists from Samothrace * Dikaia (Colony), Dikaia, founded by colonists from SamosThe Histories by Herodotus, Carolyn Dewald, and Robin Waterfield, 2008, page 442: "... bed of the Lisus, Xerxes passed the Greek towns of Maronea, Dicaea, and Abdera. His route also took him past a ..." * Cypsela (Thrace), Kypsela * Larissa (Thrace), Larissa * Maroneia, founded by colonists from Chios * Menebria, founded by colonists from Samothrace on a town named Melsambria, modern Nessebar * Orthagoria * Sale (Colony), Sale, founded by colonists from Samothrace * Stryme (Colony), Stryme, founded from colonists from Thasos * Zone (Colony), Zone, founded by colonists from Samothrace

Inland Thrace

* Alexandropolis Maedica *

, founded by Philip II of Macedon in 342 BC * Plovdiv, Philippopolis, Pulpudeva (''Philippopolis (Thracia), Philippopolis''), today's city of Plovdiv in Bulgaria, founded by Philip II of Macedon in a town formerly called ''Eumolpias''. * Stanimachos, founded by colonists from Istiaia, modern Asenovgrad * Pistiros, founded by Pistyrians from the coast

Thracian Chersonesos

*Aegospotami (''Aegospotamos'') * Alokopennesos, founded by colonists from Aeolis * Araplos * Gallipoli, Callipolis * Chersonesos (Colony), Chersonesos (''Agora (Colony), Agora''), founded by colonists from Athens * Derris (Colony), Derris * Elaious, founded by colonists from Athens * Ide (Colony), Ide * Kardia (Colony), Kardia, founded by colonists from AthensAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 636: "In the archaic period Athens colonised Sigeion, Elaious, Chersonesus, Paktye, Sestus, Kardia..." * Kressa (Thrace), Kressa * Krithotai, founded by colonists from Athens * Limnae, Thrace, Limnae, founded by colonists from Miletus * Madytos (Colony), Madytos, founded by colonists from Lesbos * Pactya, founded by colonists from Athens * Paion (Thrace), Paion * Sestos, founded by colonists from Lesbos

Propontic Thrace

* Athyra (Colony), Athyra * Byzantion, founded by colonists from Megara on a town called Lygos, modern Istanbul * Bisanthe, founded by colonists from Samos * Daminon Teichos * Ergiske * Heraclea Pontica, Heraclea (''Perinthus'') * Heraion (Colony), Heraion, founded by colonists from Samos * Lysimachia (Thrace), Lysimachia * Neapolis (Thracian Chersonese), founded by colonists from Athens * Orestias, rebuilt * Perinthus, founded by colonists from Samos * Rhaedestus, founded by colonists from Samos * Serrion Teichos * Selymbria, modern Silivri in European Turkey, of Thracian etymology * Tyrodiza, of Thracian etymology

West Pontic coast

* Tulcea, Aegyssos, modern Tulcea * Aquae Calidae, Bulgaria, Aquae Calidae * Ahtopol, founded by colonists from Athens * Pomorie, Anchialos, modern Pomorie, founded by colonists from Appolonia * Apollonia, Thrace#History, Apollonia, modern Sozopol, founded by IoniansAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, Index * Berga (Colony), Berga, founded by colonists from Thasos * Bizone, founded by colonists from Miletus, modern Kavarna * Krutoi (city), Krutoi, modern Balchik founded by Miletian colonists * Dionysupolis, Dionysopolis, modern Balchik, founded by colonists from Miletus * Obzor, Heliopolis, modern Obzor * Histria (Sinoe), Histria, founded by colonists from Miletus * Kallatis (''Callatis''), founded from colonists from Herakleia Pontike, modern-day Mangalia, Romania * Mesembria, modern Nesebar, settled during the 6th century BC by Dorians from Megara * Varna, Bulgaria, Odessos, modern Varna, Bulgaria, Varna, founded by colonists from Miletus * Niconium, Nikonion, founded by colonists from Istros * Salmydessos (from IE ''*salm-udes'', "salty water"; cf. Greek ''álmē'', "sea water, brine"; ''ýdos'', "water") * Constanța, Tomis, modern Constanta, rebuilt Scythian town

Other

* Aison (Colony), Aison * Brea (colony), Brea, founded by colonists from Athens, * Gazoros * Heraclea Sintica on a tribe of the Sintoi tribe * Kossaia

Persian

* Boryza (city)An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 891, "Note that the only one which is explicitly called a polis by Hekataios is Boryza (fr.166) and here we learn that it is a polis inhabited by Persians i.e not by Greeks or Thracians." * Doriscus

Roman

* Abritus * Acumincum * Ad Medium * Agura Piatra (Regianum) * Appiaria * Apros * Aquis * Augustae * Augusta Traiana (formerly Beroe, later Stara Zagora) * Burgenae * Camistrum * Caenophrurium * Cypsella * Deultum, rebuilt Debelt * Deltum * Diocletianopolis (Thrace), Diocletianopolis (modern Hisarya, Bulgaria, Hisarya) * Doclea (town), Doracium * Durorstorum, modern Silistra * Drobeta (ancient city), Drobeta * Gensis (vicus), Gensis * Hadrianople, rebuild Uscudama * Justiniana Prima * Margus (city), Margus * Marcianopolis, modern Devnya * Maximianopolis in Rhodope, Maximianopolis * Morisena (castra), Morisena * Montana * Nicopolis ad Istrum * Nicopolis ad Nestum, rebuilt Alexandrupolis * Novae (fortress), Novae * Oescus * Pautalia, modern Kyustendil * Peć, Pescium, modern Peć * Plotinopolis, modern Hissarya, * Porolissum * Resculum (castra Remesiana) * Sexagnita Prista, modern Ruse, Bulgaria, Ruse * Sirmium * Theranda * Traianopolis (Thrace), Traianopolis * Transmarisca, modern Tutrakan * Tropaeum Traiani * Pirot, Turres, modern Pirot * Ulmetum (castra), Ulmetum * Ulpiana * Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa * Valve, modern Vratsa * Vicianum, modern Vučitrn * Viminacium * Zaldapa * Zikideva * the rest after conquest

Celtic

* Dunonia, modern Vidin * Malata * Naissus, modern Niš * Noviodunum * Serdica, modern Sofia * Singidunum, modern Belgrade * Taurunum * Tylis

Notes

References

* * * * *

External links

*
Sorin Olteanu's Project: Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms Section

Placenames in the Compilation 'notitia dignitatum' (Cnd)

Dacian Map

Thracians and Dacians

Thracians 700-46 BC
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ancient Cities in Thrace And Dacia Geography of ancient Thrace Dacian towns, Ancient Thrace Celtic towns Thracian towns Greek colonies in Thrace Greek colonization Former populated places in the Balkans Archaeological sites in Romania Balkans-related lists