Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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This article is about the demographic features of the
population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...
of
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
, including
population density Population density (in agriculture: Stock (disambiguation), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical ...
, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.


Demographic characteristics


Population


Vital statistics

Source: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina *No data for the period 1992-1995


Current vital statistics


Vital statistics by entity


Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Source: Institute for Statistics of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina


=Current vital statistics

=


Republika Srpska

Source: Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics


=Current vital statistics

=


Brčko District

Source: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Statistics of the Brčko District BiH


=Current vital statistics

=


Marriages and divorces


Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina


Republika Srpska


Brčko District


Vital statistics, marriages and divorces by decade


Births and fertility rates


Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina


Republika Srpska


Brčko District


Life expectancy at birth in Bosnia and Herzegovina


Ethnic groups

According to data from the 2013 census published by the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosniaks constitute 50.11% of the population, Bosnian Serbs 30.78%, Bosnian Croats 15.43%, and others form 2.73%, with the remaining respondents not declaring their ethnicity or not answering. The census results are contested by the
Republika Srpska Republika Srpska ( sr-Cyrl, Република Српска, lit=Serb Republic, also known as Republic of Srpska, ) is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is locat ...
statistical office and by Bosnian Serb politicians, who oppose the inclusion of non-permanent Bosnian residents in the figures. The
European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been de ...
's statistics office, Eurostat, determined that the methodology used by the Bosnian statistical agency was in line with international recommendations. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, religion is often linked to ethnicity, i.e. (with the exception of agnostics and atheists) most Bosniaks are Muslim, Serbs are Orthodox Christian, and Croats are
Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...
. Image:BiH_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_1.gif, Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_2.gif, Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo Bosnjaka po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo Srba po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo Hrvata po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013


Languages

Bosnia's constitution does not specify any official languages; however, academics Hilary Footitt and Michael Kelly note that the
Dayton Agreement The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement or the Dayton Accords ( Croatian: ''Daytonski sporazum'', Serbian and Bosnian: ''Dejtonski mirovni sporazum'' / Дејтонски миро ...
states that it is "done in Bosnian, Croatian, English and Serbian", and they describe this as the "de facto recognition of three official languages" at the state level. The equal status of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian was verified by the Constitutional Court in 2000. It ruled that the provisions of the Federation and Republika Srpska constitutions on language were incompatible with the state constitution, since they only recognised "Bosniak" and Croatian (in the case of the Federation) and Serbian (in the case of Republika Srpska) as official languages at the entity level. As a result, the wording of the entity constitutions was changed and all three languages were made official in both entities. The three languages are mutually intelligible and are also known collectively as
Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian () – also called Serbo-Croat (), Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia an ...
. Use of one of the three varieties has become a marker of ethnic identity. Michael Kelly and Catherine Baker argue: "The three official languages of today's Bosnian state...represent the symbolic assertion of national identity over the pragmatism of mutual intelligibility". All standard varieties are based on the
Ijekavian Shtokavian or Štokavian (; sh-Latn, štokavski / sh-Cyrl, italics=no, штокавски, ) is the prestige dialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards. ...
varieties of the Shtokavian dialect (non-standard spoken varieties including, beside Ijekavian, also Ikavian Shtokavian). Serbian and Bosnian are written in both Latin and Cyrillic (the latter predominantly using the Latin script), whereas Croatian is written only in
Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. Largely unaltered with the exception of extensions (such as diacritics), it used to write English and th ...
. There are also some speakers of Italian, German, Turkish and Ladino. Yugoslav Sign Language is used with Croatian and Serbian variants. According to the results of the 2013 census, 52.86% of the population consider their mother tongue to be Bosnian, 30.76% Serbian, 14.6% Croatian and 1.57% another language, with 0.21% not giving an answer. Image:BiH_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_1.gif, Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_2.gif, Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo bosanskog jezika po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Bosnian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo srpskog jezika po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Serbian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo hrvatskog jezika po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Croatian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013


Religion

According to the 2013 census, 50.7% of the population identify religiously as Muslim, 30.75% as
Serbian Orthodox The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches. The majori ...
Christian, 15.19% as
Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...
, 1.15% as other, 1.1% as agnostic or atheist, with the remainder not declaring their religion or not answering. A 2012 survey found that 47% of Bosnia's Muslims are
non-denominational Muslim Non-denominational Muslims () are Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches. Non-denominational Muslims are found primarily in Central Asi ...
s, while 45% follow Sunnism. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, religion is strongly linked to ethnicity. File:BosniaHerzegovina1879Census.tif, Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1879 Image:BiH_-_Verski_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_1.gif, Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH_-_Verski_sastav_po_opstinama_2013_2.gif, Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo muslimana po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo pravoslavaca po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Orthodox Christians in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013 Image:BiH - Udeo katolika po opstinama 2013.gif, Share of Catholics in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013


Demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from th
CIA World Factbook
unless otherwise indicated.


Population

:3,378,821


Age structure

:0-14 years: 13.18% (male 261,430/female 244,242) :15-24 years: 10.83% (male 214,319/female 201,214) :25-54 years: 44.52% (male 859,509/female 848,071) :55-64 years: 15.24% (male 284,415/female 300,168) :65 years and over: 16.22% (male 249,624/female 372,594) (2020 est.)


Median age

:Total: 43.3 years :Male: 41.6 years :Female: 44.8 years (2020 est.)


Sex ratio

:At birth: 1.07 male(s)/female :0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female :15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female :25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female :55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female :65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female :Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2020 est.)


Infant mortality rate

:Total: 5.32 deaths/1,000 live births :Male: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births :Female: 5.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)


Life expectancy at birth

:Total population: 77.74 years :Male: 74.76 years :Female: 80.93 years (2021 est.)


HIV/AIDS

:Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2018) :People living with HIV/AIDS: Less than 500 (2018) :Deaths: less than 100 (2018)


Literacy

:Definition: age 15 and over can read and write :Total population: 98.5% :Male: 99.5% :Female: 97.5% (2015 est.)


See also

* Demographic history of Bosnia and Herzegovina * Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia * *
Demographics of Croatia The demographic characteristics of the population of Croatia are known through censuses, normally conducted in ten-year intervals and analysed by various statistical bureaus since the 1850s. The Croatian Bureau of Statistics has performed this ...
*
Demographics of Montenegro This article is about the demographic features of the population of Montenegro, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Populat ...
* Demographics of Serbia *
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
* Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina *
Republika Srpska Republika Srpska ( sr-Cyrl, Република Српска, lit=Serb Republic, also known as Republic of Srpska, ) is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is locat ...
* Brčko District *
List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians This is a list of notable people of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The people of Bosnia and Herzegovina are known by the demonym "Bosnians", which includes people belonging to the three main constituent groups (Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs). Arts Fine ar ...
Religion: *
Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina Islam is the most widespread religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was introduced to the local population in the 15th and 16th centuries as a result of the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Muslims comprise the single largest rel ...
* Serbian Orthodox Church *
Roman Catholicism in Bosnia and Herzegovina The Catholic Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina is part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the pope in Rome. According to the latest census from 2013, there are 544,114 Catholics in Bosnia and Herzegovina, making up ...
*
Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina The history of Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina spans from the arrival of the first Bosnian Jews as a result of the Spanish Inquisition to the survival of the Bosnian Jews through the Holocaust and the Yugoslav Wars. Judaism and the Jewish com ...
Groups: *
Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina More than 96% of population of Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to one of its three autochthonous constituent peoples ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, konstitutivni narodi, separator=" / ", конститутивни народи): Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats. The ...
* Roma in Bosnia and Herzegovina


References


External links


Living standard measurement survey 2001
{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Bosnia And Herzegovina Demographics of Yugoslavia