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The following Outline (list), outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Germany: Germany – federal parliamentary republic in Western Europe, Western-Central Europe, Central Europe consisting of States of Germany, 16 constituent states (german: Bundesland), which retain limited sovereignty. Its capital and largest city is Berlin. With more than 80 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state in the European Union (EU). Germany is a major economic and political power of the European continent and a historic leader in many cultural, theoretical, and technical fields. After losing World War I, Germany fell under the control of Adolf Hitler, who started World War II. After losing World War II, Germany was divided into East Germany and West Germany, each on opposite sides in the Cold War. In October 1990, after the Cold War ended, the country was reunified under Christian Democratic Union of Germany, Christian Democratic Union (CDU) chancellor Helmut Kohl. Germany has since grown to become the world's List of countries by GDP (nominal), fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP, a financial status which the country has consistently maintained throughout the early 2020s.


General reference

* International Phonetic Alphabet, Pronunciation: ; German: ''Deutschland'' (officially the Federal Republic of Germany; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, links=no ) * Common English country name: Germany * Official English country name: The West Germany, Federal Republic of Germany * Common Exonym and endonym, endonym(s): List of countries and capitals in native languages, Deutschland * Official endonym(s): List of official endonyms of present-day nations and states, Bundesrepublik Deutschland * List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names#Countries and nations, Adjectival(s): German (disambiguation), German * List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names#Countries and nations, Demonym(s): German people, Germans * Etymology: Name of Germany * International rankings of Germany * ISO country codes: DE, DEU, 276 * ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:DE * Internet country code top-level domain: .de


Geography of Germany

Geography of Germany is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers and is influenced by a temperate climate, temperate seasonal climate. * Germany is a: ** Country *** Developed country ** Sovereign state *** Member State of the European Union * Location: ** Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere *** Eurasia **** Europe ***** Central Europe ***** Western Europe ** Time in Germany *** Time zones: **** Central European Time (UTC+01), Central European Summer Time (UTC+02) ** Extreme points of Germany (major towns): *** North: Westerland, Germany, Westerland (on the island of Sylt at the Danish border) *** South: Oberstdorf, town at Austria *** East: Goerlitz, town at Poland *** West: Aachen, town at Belgium & the Netherlands *** High: Zugspitze *** Low: Neuendorf bei Wilster :* Coastline: * Population of Germany: 82,217,800 people (2007 Approximation, estimate) – List of countries by population, 14th most populous country * Area of Germany: – List of countries and outlying territories by total area, 63rd largest country * :commons:Atlas of Germany, Atlas of Germany * List of cities and towns in Germany ** Metropolitan regions in Germany ** Regiopolis


Neighbours of Germany

Land boundaries: : : : : : : : : :


Environment of Germany

* Climate of Germany * Green building in Germany * Renewable energy in Germany * Geology of Germany * List of national parks of Germany, National parks of Germany * Protected areas of Germany * Wildlife of Germany ** Fauna of Germany *** List of fish in Germany, Fish of Germany *** List of birds of Germany, Birds of Germany *** List of mammals of Germany, Mammals of Germany *** List of zoos in Germany, Zoos in Germany


Geographic features of Germany

* Glaciers of Germany * List of islands of Germany, Islands of Germany * List of lakes in Germany, Lakes of Germany * List of mountains in Germany, Mountains of Germany ** List of volcanoes in Germany, Volcanoes in Germany * List of rivers of Germany, Rivers of Germany ** List of waterfalls of Germany, Waterfalls of Germany * List of valleys of Germany, Valleys of Germany * List of World Heritage Sites in Western Europe, World Heritage Sites in Germany


Administrative divisions of Germany


States of Germany

Germany is composed of 16 constituent states, called States of Germany, ''Bundesländer'' (plural form; ''Bundesland'' singularly; see map on the right).


= Further subdivisions

= * Some German states are subdivided into administrative regions, called ''Regierungsbezirke''. * Germany as a whole is further composed of approx. 400 Districts of Germany, districts, separated into: ** "Rural" districts (''List of German districts, Landkreise'' or ''Kreise'') and ** "Urban" districts (''List of German districts, Kreisfreie Städte'' or ''Stadtkreise'') * List of cities in Germany, Cities of Germany * Municipalities of Germany


Demography of Germany

Demographics of Germany With over 82 million inhabitants, it comprises the largest population among the member states of the European Union and is home to the List of countries by immigrant population, third-highest number of international migrants. See more at ''Immigration to Germany''.


Government and politics of Germany

* Form of government: federation, federal parliamentary democratic, parliamentary representative democracy, representative democratic republic * Capital (political), Capital of Germany: Capital of Germany, Berlin * Former Capital of West Germany and later seat of government of the reunified Federal Republic: Bonn * Federal budget of Germany * Elections in Germany ** Electoral reform in Germany ** Electoral system of Germany * Far-right politics in Germany * Federalism in Germany * List of political parties in Germany, Political parties in Germany * Political scandals of Germany * Security issues in Germany * Taxation in Germany ** Feed-in tariffs in Germany


Branches of the government of Germany

Government of Germany


Executive branch of the government of Germany

* Head of state: President of Germany * Head of government: Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic), Chancellor of Germany * Cabinet of Germany


Legislative branch of the government of Germany

* Parliament of Germany (bicameral) ** Upper house: Bundesrat of Germany ** Lower house: Bundestag


Judicial branch of the government of Germany

Judiciary of Germany * Federal Constitutional Court * Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts of the Federation * Federal Administrative Court (Germany), Federal Administrative Court * Federal Court of Justice * Federal Fiscal Court * Federal Labour Court * Federal Social Court * Federal Patent Court (Germany), Federal Patent Court


Foreign relations of Germany

Foreign relations of Germany * List of diplomatic missions in Germany * List of diplomatic missions of Germany ** Embassy of Germany, Abuja ** Embassy of Germany, Bangkok ** Embassy of Germany, Brasília ** Embassy of Germany, Budapest ** Embassy of Germany, Canberra ** Embassy of Germany, Chișinău ** Embassy of Germany, Kyiv ** Embassy of Germany, London ** Embassy of Germany, Moscow ** Embassy of Germany, Ottawa ** Embassy of Germany, Prague ** Embassy of Germany, Saint Petersburg ** Embassy of Germany, Tel Aviv ** Embassy of Germany, Washington, D.C. ** Embassy of Germany, Wellington ** Embassy of Germany, Windhoek


International organization membership

The Federal Republic of Germany is a member of: *African Development Bank Group (AfDB) (nonregional member) *Arctic Council (observer) *Asian Development Bank (ADB) (nonregional member) *Australia Group *Bank for International Settlements (BIS) *Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC) (observer) *Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) *Central American Integration System (SICA) (observer) *Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI) *Council of Europe (CE) *Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) *Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) *Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) *European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) *European Investment Bank (EIB) *European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) *European Space Agency (ESA) * European Union (EU) *Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) *G6 (EU), Group of Six (G6) *Group of Seven (G7) *Group of Eight (G8) *Group of Ten (economic), Group of Ten (G10) *Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G20) *Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) *International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) *International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) *International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) *International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) *International Criminal Court (ICCt) *International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) *International Development Association (IDA) *International Energy Agency (IEA) *International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) *International Finance Corporation (IFC) *International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) *International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) *International Labour Organization (ILO) *International Maritime Organization (IMO) *International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) *International Monetary Fund (IMF) *International Olympic Committee (IOC) *International Organization for Migration (IOM) *International Organization for Standardization (ISO) *International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) *International Telecommunication Union (ITU) *International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) *International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) *Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) *Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) *Nonaligned Movement (NAM) (guest) *North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) *Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) *Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) *Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) *Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) *Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) *Organization of American States (OAS) (observer) *Paris Club *Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) *Schengen Convention *Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) (observer) *United Nations (UN) *United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) *United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) *United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) *United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) *United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) *United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) *United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) *United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) *United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) *Universal Postal Union (UPU) *West African Development Bank (WADB) (nonregional) *Western European Union (WEU) *World Customs Organization (WCO) *World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) *World Health Organization (WHO) *World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) *World Meteorological Organization (WMO) *World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) *World Trade Organization (WTO) *World Veterans Federation *Zangger Committee (ZC)


Law and order in Germany

Law of Germany * Laws in Germany ** Referendums in Germany ** Alcohol laws in Germany ** Capital punishment in Germany ** Censorship in Germany *** Censorship in the Federal Republic of Germany ** Civil procedure code of Germany ** Conscription in Germany ** Constitution of Germany *** Constitutional review in Germany ** Copyright law of Germany ** Driving licence in Germany * Crime in Germany ** Human trafficking in Germany ** Rape in Germany * Human rights in Germany ** LGBT rights in Germany *** Same-sex marriage in Germany ** Freedom of religion in Germany * Law enforcement in Germany ** National law enforcement agencies *** Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany) *** Federal Police (Germany) *** German Federal Coast Guard *** GSG 9 ** Regional law enforcement agencies *** Landespolizei – are operated by individual German states and are responsible for the bulk of police work in Germany **** Baden-Württemberg Police **** Bavarian State Police **** Hesse State Police **** North Rhine-Westphalia Police **** Rheinland-Pfalz State Police **** Saarland Police *** Landespolizei forces are divided into the following operational sections: ***** ''Schutzpolizei'' – ('Schupo') The uniformed police officers who patrol the streets, respond to emergency calls, do traffic policing etc. *****''Kriminalpolizei'' – ('Kripo') The plain clothes detective branch of the State police, responsible for investigations. For instance, if a car is broken into, the Schupo will respond, secure the car, notify the owner etc., and then hand the case over to Kripo for investigation. *****''Hundertschaft, Einsatzhundertschaften'' (EHU) / ''Bereitschaftspolizei'' (BePo) – Uniformed part of the LaPo that is used when manpower is required, for example during political demonstrations. *****''Landeskriminalamt'' (LKA) – The State Investigation Bureau is directly subordinate to the state ministry of the interior, supervises police operations aimed at preventing and investigating criminal offences, and coordinates investigations involving more than one ''Präsidium''. *****''Wasserschutzpolizei'' (WSP) – The river police for patrolling rivers, lakes and harbours. *****''Spezialeinsatzkommando'' (SEK) – The SWAT teams of the German state police. *****''Autobahnpolizei'' – The highway patrol or motorway police in Germany.


Military of Germany

Military of Germany * Command ** Commander-in-chief: *** Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany), Ministry of Defence of Germany * Bundeswehr ** Army of Germany: German Army, Heer ** Navy of Germany: German Navy, Marine ** Air force of Germany: Luftwaffe ** Special forces of Germany: Kommando Spezialkräfte * Military history of Germany * Military ranks of Germany


Local government in Germany

Local government in Germany


History of Germany


History of Germany, by period

* 18th-century history of Germany


Years in Germany

Years in Germany : 1871 in Germany, 1871- 1872 in Germany, 1872- 1873 in Germany, 1873- 1874 in Germany, 1874- 1875 in Germany, 1875- 1876 in Germany, 1876- 1877 in Germany, 1877- 1878 in Germany, 1878- 1879 in Germany, 1879- 1880 in Germany, 1880- 1881 in Germany, 1881- 1882 in Germany, 1882- 1883 in Germany, 1883- 1884 in Germany, 1884- 1885 in Germany, 1885- 1886 in Germany, 1886- 1887 in Germany, 1887- 1888 in Germany, 1888- 1889 in Germany, 1889- 1890 in Germany, 1890- 1891 in Germany, 1891- 1892 in Germany, 1892- 1893 in Germany, 1893- 1894 in Germany, 1894- 1895 in Germany, 1895- 1896 in Germany, 1896- 1897 in Germany, 1897- 1898 in Germany, 1898- 1899 in Germany, 1899- 1900 in Germany, 1900- 1901 in Germany, 1901- 1902 in Germany, 1902- 1903 in Germany, 1903- 1904 in Germany, 1904- 1905 in Germany, 1905- 1906 in Germany, 1906- 1907 in Germany, 1907- 1908 in Germany, 1908- 1909 in Germany, 1909- 1911 in Germany, 1911- 1912 in Germany, 1912- 1913 in Germany, 1913- 1914 in Germany, 1914- 1915 in Germany, 1915- 1916 in Germany, 1916- 1917 in Germany, 1917- 1918 in Germany, 1918- 1919 in Germany, 1919- 1920 in Germany, 1920- 1921 in Germany, 1921- 1922 in Germany, 1922- 1923 in Germany, 1923- 1924 in Germany, 1924- 1925 in Germany, 1925- 1926 in Germany, 1926- 1927 in Germany, 1927- 1928 in Germany, 1928- 1929 in Germany, 1929- 1930 in Germany, 1930- 1931 in Germany, 1931- 1932 in Germany, 1932- 1933 in Germany, 1933- 1934 in Germany, 1934- 1935 in Germany, 1935- 1936 in Germany, 1936- 1937 in Germany, 1937- 1938 in Germany, 1938- 1939 in Germany, 1939- 1940 in Germany, 1940- 1941 in Germany, 1941- 1942 in Germany, 1942- 1943 in Germany, 1943- 1944 in Germany, 1944- 1945 in Germany, 1945- 1946 in Germany, 1946- 1947 in Germany, 1947- 1948 in Germany, 1948- 1949 in Germany, 1949- 1950 in Germany, 1950- 1951 in Germany, 1951- 1952 in Germany, 1952- 1953 in Germany, 1953- 1954 in Germany, 1954- 1955 in Germany, 1955- 1956 in Germany, 1956- 1957 in Germany, 1957- 1958 in Germany, 1958- 1959 in Germany, 1959- 1960 in Germany, 1960- 1961 in Germany, 1961- 1962 in Germany, 1962- 1963 in Germany, 1963- 1964 in Germany, 1964- 1965 in Germany, 1965- 1966 in Germany, 1966- 1967 in Germany, 1967- 1968 in Germany, 1968- 1969 in Germany, 1969- 1970 in Germany, 1970- 1971 in Germany, 1971- 1972 in Germany, 1972- 1973 in Germany, 1973- 1974 in Germany, 1974- 1975 in Germany, 1975- 1976 in Germany, 1976- 1977 in Germany, 1977- 1978 in Germany, 1978- 1979 in Germany, 1979- 1980 in Germany, 1980- 1981 in Germany, 1981- 1982 in Germany, 1982- 1983 in Germany, 1983- 1984 in Germany, 1984- 1985 in Germany, 1985- 1986 in Germany, 1986- 1987 in Germany, 1987- 1988 in Germany, 1988- 1989 in Germany, 1989- 1990 in Germany, 1990- 1991 in Germany, 1991- 1992 in Germany, 1992- 1993 in Germany, 1993- 1994 in Germany, 1994- 1995 in Germany, 1995- 1996 in Germany, 1996- 1997 in Germany, 1997- 1998 in Germany, 1998- 1999 in Germany, 1999- 2000 in Germany, 2000- 2001 in Germany, 2001- 2002 in Germany, 2002- 2003 in Germany, 2003- 2004 in Germany, 2004- 2005 in Germany, 2005- 2006 in Germany, 2006- 2007 in Germany, 2007- 2008 in Germany, 2008- 2009 in Germany, 2009- 2010 in Germany, 2010- 2011 in Germany, 2011- 2012 in Germany, 2012- 2013 in Germany, 2013- 2014 in Germany, 2014- 2015 in Germany, 2015- 2016 in Germany, 2016- 2017 in Germany, 2017- 2018 in Germany, 2018- 2019 in Germany, 2019


History of Germany, by region


History of Germany, by subject

* List of historic states of Germany * List of historical political parties in Germany * Military history of Germany


Culture of Germany

Culture of Germany * Architecture of Germany ** Altstadt ** List of World Heritage Sites in Germany, World Heritage Sites in Germany * Cuisine of Germany ** Beer in Germany * Cultural icons of Germany * Festivals in Germany * German humour ** East German jokes * Languages of Germany * Media in Germany ** List of newspapers in Germany, Newspapers in Germany ** Radio in Germany ** Television in Germany ** Video gaming in Germany * List of museums in Germany, Museums in Germany * National symbols of Germany ** Coat of arms of Germany ** Flag of Germany ** National anthem of Germany * German philosophy, Philosophy in Germany * Prostitution in Germany * Public holidays in Germany * List of records of Germany, Records of Germany * Scouting and Guiding in Germany * List of World Heritage Sites in Europe#Germany, World Heritage Sites in Germany


Art in Germany

* Art in Germany * Cinema of Germany * Cuisine of Germany * German fashion, Fashion of Germany * Literature of Germany * Made in Germany


Music of Germany

Music of Germany * List of best-selling albums in Germany * List of best-selling singles in Germany * List of German composers * Jazz in Germany


People of Germany

* Afghans in Germany * Ahmadiyya in Germany * Albanians in Germany * Americans in Germany * Arabs in Germany * Armenians in Germany * Asians in Germany * Assyrians/Syriacs in Germany * Azerbaijanis in Germany * Brazilians in Germany * Bulgarians in Germany * Chinese people in Germany * Croatians in Germany * Filipinos in Germany * Georgians in Germany * Greeks in Germany * Hungarians in Germany * Indians in Germany * Iranians in Germany * Iraqis in Germany * Islamic Community of Germany * Italians in Germany * Kurds in Germany * Lebanese people in Germany * List of Lebanese people in Germany * Macedonians in Germany * Russians in Germany * Serbs in Germany * Tjaskers in Germany * Turks in Germany * Ukrainians in Germany * Vietnamese people in Germany * Yazidis in Germany


Religion and belief systems in Germany

* Irreligion in Germany * Religion in Germany ** Freedom of religion in Germany ** Religions in Germany *** Buddhism in Germany *** Christianity in Germany **** Catholicism in Germany **** Protestantism in Germany ***** Evangelical Church in Germany *** Hinduism in Germany *** Islam in Germany *** Judaism in Germany **** History of the Jews in Germany *** Sikhism in Germany *** Scientology in Germany


Sports in Germany

Sports in Germany * American Football Association of Germany * Athletics in Germany * Auto racing in Germany ** Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 1995 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 1996 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 1997 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 1998 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 2001 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 2007 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany *** 2008 Speedway Grand Prix of Germany * Basketball in Germany ** National basketball games of Germany * Bodybuilding in Germany * Cricket in Germany * Football in Germany ** Australian rules football in Germany ** Football records in Germany ** Footballer of the Year (Germany) ** Foreign football players in Germany ** List of American football teams in Germany ** List of Germany Davis Cup team representatives ** List of Germany international footballers ** List of Germany international footballers 1908–1942 ** List of football clubs in Germany ** List of football clubs in Germany by major honours won ** List of football stadiums in Germany ** Women's football in Germany * Germany at the Olympics * German records in athletics * Ice hockey in Germany * Roller derby in Germany * Rugby in Germany ** Rugby league in Germany ** Rugby union in Germany *** List of Germany national rugby union players *** List of Germany national rugby union team results *** List of rugby union clubs in Germany * Sports broadcasting contracts in Germany


Economy and infrastructure of Germany

Economy of Germany Germany was the List of countries by exports, third largest exporter of goods in 2017. In absolute terms, Germany allocates the second biggest annual budget of development aid in the world, while its List of countries by military expenditures#Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Figures, military expenditure ranked sixth. The country has developed a List of countries by Human Development Index, high standard of living and established a comprehensive system of social security. * List of countries by GDP (nominal), Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 4th (fourth) * Agriculture in Germany ** List of mills in Germany * Central banks ** Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt ** European Central Bank, Frankfurt * Communications in Germany ** Internet in Germany ** Television in Germany *** History of television in Germany * List of companies of Germany, Companies of Germany *Currency, Currency of Germany: Euro (see also: Template:Euro topics, Euro topics) **ISO 4217: Euro, EUR * Economic history of Germany * Mining in Germany ** List of mines in Germany * Mittelstand * Stock exchange: Frankfurt Stock Exchange * Tourism in Germany ** List of spa towns in Germany * Transport in Germany ** List of airports in Germany, Airports in Germany ** Road system of Germany *** Road signs in Germany *** Highway system of Germany ** Rail transport in Germany *** Rapid transit in Germany *** High-speed rail in Germany *** History of rail transport in Germany * Water supply and sanitation in Germany * Wirtschaftswunder


Energy in Germany

Windkraftanlage bei Breydin OT Trampe, Brandenburg; Energy in Germany * Electricity sector in Germany * Geothermal power in Germany * List of power stations in Germany * Energy transition in Germany * Nuclear power in Germany * Solar power in Germany * Wind power in Germany ** List of windmills in Germany


Education in Germany

Education in Germany * Academic achievement among different groups in Germany * Academic grading in Germany * Academic ranks in Germany * Science and technology in Germany ** List of German inventors and discoverers * List of universities in Germany, Universities in Germany * List of schools in Germany * Music schools in Germany * State libraries of Germany * Student loans in Germany


Health in Germany

Health in Germany * Health care in Germany ** Emergency medical services in Germany ** Health care system of the elderly in Germany ** Long-term care insurance in Germany ** Nursing in Germany * Obesity in Germany


See also

Germany *Index of Germany-related articles *List of international rankings *Member state of the European Union *Member state of the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors *Member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization *Member state of the United Nations *Outline of Europe *Outline of geography


References


External links

General
Deutschland.de
— Official German portal
Germany Tourism

Information about Germany in English
— IamExpat in Germany
German news and features
''Expatica''
DW-WORLD.DE Deutsche Welle
— Germany's international broadcaster
News Portal of the German Embassy to the USA
*   Facts and figures


Facts about Germany
— by the German Federal Foreign Office

— Federal Statistical Office Germany Travel *
Germany Travel Info
— by the German National Tourist Office Pictures
Database of travelers' photos
sorted by region (''fotocommunity'') {{DEFAULTSORT:Germany Germany, Germany-related lists, Outlines of countries, Germany