African American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ens ...

is a citizen or resident of the United States who has origins in any of the

black Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white ...

populations of

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

. African American-related topics include:

1

1st Rhode Island Regiment The 1st Rhode Island Regiment (also known as Varnum's Regiment, the 9th Continental Regiment, the Black Regiment, the Rhode Island Regiment, and Olney's Battalion) was a regiment in the Continental Army raised in Rhode Island during the Americ ...

10th Cavalry Regiment (United States) The 10th Cavalry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army. Formed as a segregated African-American unit, the 10th Cavalry was one of the original " Buffalo Soldier" regiments in the post–Civil War Regular Army. It served in combat during ...

* ''12 Years a Slave'' (film) * 1968 Miami riot

2

* 2nd Cavalry Division (United States) *

27th Cavalry Regiment (United States) The 27th Cavalry Regiment was a short-lived African American unit of the United States Army. The regiment was formed as part of the 2nd Cavalry Division in 1943 and inactivated in north Africa in 1944 without seeing combat. History The regi ...

* 28th Cavalry Regiment (United States) *

24th Infantry Regiment (United States) The 24th Infantry Regiment was a unit of the United States Army, active from 1869 until 1951, and since 1995. Before its original dissolution in 1951, it was primarily made up of African-American soldiers. History The 24th Infantry Regiment (o ...

25th Infantry Regiment (United States) The Twenty-fifth United States Infantry Regiment was one of the racially segregated units of the United States Army known as Buffalo Soldiers. The 25th served from 1866 to 1957, seeing action in the American Indian Wars, Spanish–American War, ...

3

* ''3 Strikes'' (film) *'' 30 Years to Life'' *''

35 and Ticking ''35 & Ticking'' (also known as ''Russ Parr's 35 & Ticking'' or ''35 and Ticking'') is an American romantic comedy film written and directed by Russ Parr. The film stars a mostly African American ensemble cast featuring Meagan Good, Nicole Ari ...

'' *

333rd Field Artillery Battalion (United States) The 333rd Field Artillery Battalion was a racially segregated United States Army unit of African-American troops during World War II. The unit landed at Normandy in early July 1944 and saw continuous combat as corps artillery throughout the ...

* 366th Infantry Regiment (United States) * 369th Infantry Regiment (United States) * 371st Infantry Regiment (United States) *

372nd Infantry Regiment (United States) The 372nd Infantry Regiment was a segregated African American regiment, nominally a part of the 93rd Division, that served in World War I under French Army command, and also in World War II. In World War II the regiment was not attached to ...

4

*''

4 Little Girls ''4 Little Girls'' is a 1997 American historical documentary film about the murder of four African-American girls (Addie May Collins, Carol Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Rosamond Robertson) in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in B ...

'' *'' 4CHOSEN: The Documentary'' * 40 acres and a mule *

41st Infantry Regiment (United States) The U.S. 41st Infantry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army. Its 1st Battalion is currently assigned to the 2nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division. Its 3rd Battalion was assigned to the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Te ...

5

* 5th Tank Group (United States) * 5th United States Colored Cavalry *

5th United States Colored Infantry Regiment The 5th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was an African American regiment of the Union Army during the American Civil War. A part of the United States Colored Troops, the regiment saw action in Virginia as part of the Richmond–Petersburg ...

*''

500 Years Later ''500 Years Later'' ( ') is a 2005 independent documentary film directed by Owen 'Alik Shahadah and written by M. K. Asante, Jr. It has won five international film festival awards in the category of Best Documentary, including the UNESCO "Brea ...

'' * 551st Parachute Infantry Battalion (United States) * 555th Parachute Infantry Battalion (United States)

7

758th Tank Battalion (United States) The 758th Tank Battalion was a tank battalion of the United States Army that served during World War II. The first armored unit to consist of African-American soldiers, the 758th was formed in 1941 and served in Italy. History On 13 January 194 ...

761st Tank Battalion (United States) The 761st Tank Battalion was a separate tank battalion of the United States Army during World War II. The 761st was made up primarily of African-American soldiers, who by War Department policy were not permitted to serve alongside white tro ...

8

* 805th Pioneer Infantry

9

9th Cavalry Regiment (United States) The 9th Cavalry Regiment is a parent cavalry regiment of the United States Army. It is not related to the 9th Kansas Cavalry Regiment of the Union Army. Historically, it was one of the Army's four segregated African-American regiments and was pa ...

92nd Infantry Division (United States) The 92nd Infantry Division (92nd Division, WWI) was an African-American infantry division of the United States Army that served in both World War I and World War II. The military was then segregated. The division was organized in October 1917, ...

93rd Infantry Division (United States) The 93rd Infantry Division was a "colored" segregated unit of the United States Army in World War I and World War II. However, in World War I only its four infantry regiments, two brigade headquarters, and a provisional division headquarters wer ...

A

* AALBC.com *

Abolitionism in the United States In the United States, abolitionism, the movement that sought to end slavery in the country, was active from the late colonial era until the American Civil War, the end of which brought about the abolition of American slavery through the Thi ...

*''

Above the Rim ''Above the Rim'' is a 1994 American sports drama film co-written and directed by Jeff Pollack in his directorial debut. The screenplay was written by Barry Michael Cooper, adapted from a story by Benny Medina. The film stars Duane Martin, Tu ...

'' * ACAE * Acid jazz *

Acting white In the United States, acting white is a pejorative term, usually applied to black people, which refers to a person's perceived betrayal of their culture by assuming the social expectations of white society.

*'' Address to the Negroes of the State of New York'' * ''The Advocate'' (Portland, Oregon) * Affirmative action *

* (List of) African-American abolitionists *(List of) African-American astronauts *

African-American book publishers in the United States, 1960–80 While African-American book publishers have been active in the United States since the second decade of the 19th century, the 1960s and 1970s saw a proliferation of publishing activity, with the establishment of many new publishing houses, an incr ...

African-American church The black church (sometimes termed Black Christianity or African American Christianity) is the faith and body of Christian congregations and denominations in the United States that minister predominantly to African Americans, as well as the ...

African American cinema African American cinema is loosely classified as films made by, for, or about Black Americans. They are an example of Black film. Historically, African American films have been made with African-American casts and marketed to African-American ...

* African-American culture *

African-American culture and sexual orientation Homophobia in ethnic minority communities is any negative prejudice or form of discrimination in ethnic minority communities worldwide towards people who identify as–or are perceived as being–lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT), kno ...

* African-American dance * (List of) African-American documentary films *

African-American English African-American English (or AAE; also known as Black American English, or Black English in American linguistics) is the set of English sociolects spoken by most Black people in the United States and many in Canada; most commonly, it refe ...

* African-American family structure *

African-American Film Critics Association The African-American Film Critics Association (AAFCA) is the world's largest group of Black film critics that gives various annual awards for excellence in film and television. It was founded in 2003 in New York City. History The association wa ...

* (List of) African-American firsts *

African-American hair Cornrows, a popular African American hairstyle. African-American hair refers to Afro-textured hair types, textures, and styles that are linked to African-American culture, often drawing inspiration from African hair culture. It plays a major r ...

* African-American Heritage Sites (U.S. National Park Service) *

African-American history African-American history began with the arrival of Africans to North America in the 16th and 17th centuries. Former Spanish slaves who had been freed by Francis Drake arrived aboard the Golden Hind at New Albion in California in 1579. The ...

* African-American Institute (Northeastern University) * African-American inventors and scientists *(List of) African-American jurists *

African-American literature African American literature is the body of literature produced in the United States by writers of African descent. It begins with the works of such late 18th-century writers as Phillis Wheatley. Before the high point of slave narratives, African ...

* (List of) African-American mathematicians * (List of) African-American Medal of Honor recipients *

African-American middle class The African-American middle class consists of African-Americans who have middle-class status within the American class structure. It is a societal level within the African-American community that primarily began to develop in the early 1960s, ...

* African American Military History Museum *

African American Museum in Philadelphia The African American Museum in Philadelphia (AAMP) is notable as the first museum funded and built by a municipality to help preserve, interpret and exhibit the heritage of African Americans. Opened during the 1976 Bicentennial celebrations, th ...

African American Museum of Iowa The African American Museum of Iowa (AAMI), nestled along the Cedar River near downtown Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States, has been carrying out its mission “To preserve, publicize, and educate the public on the African American heritage and cu ...

* African American Museum of the Arts *

African-American music African-American music is an umbrella term covering a diverse range of music and musical genres largely developed by African Americans and their culture. Their origins are in musical forms that first came to be due to the condition of slaver ...

* African-American musical theater * African-American names *

African American National Biography Project The African American National Biography Project is a joint project of the Hutchins Center for African & African American Research at Harvard University and Oxford University Press. The object of the project is to publish and maintain a database o ...

African-American neighborhood African-American neighborhoods or black neighborhoods are types of ethnic enclaves found in many cities in the United States. Generally, an African American neighborhood is one where the majority of the people who live there are African American ...

* African-American newspapers *(List of) African-American officeholders during the Reconstruction *

African-American organized crime In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, African-American organized crime emerged following the first and second large-scale migration of African-Americans from the South to major cities of the Northeast, Midwest, and later the West Coast. I ...

* African American Policy Forum * African-American Research Library and Cultural Center *''

African American Review ''African American Review'' (''AAR'') is a scholarly aggregation of essays on African-American literature, theatre, film, the visual arts, and culture; interviews; poetry; fiction; and book reviews. The journal has featured writers and cultural c ...

'' * African-American studies *(List of) African-American United States senators * African-American Vernacular English * African-American Woman Suffrage Movement * African-American women in politics * African-American Women for Reproductive Freedom * (List of) African-American visual artists * (Lists of) African Americans * African Americans and the G.I. Bill * African American Civil War Memorial * African Americans at the Siege of Petersburg * African Americans in Alabama * African Americans in Atlanta *

African Americans in Baltimore The history of African Americans in Baltimore dates back to the 17th century when the first African slaves were being brought to the Province of Maryland. Majority white for most of its history, Baltimore transitioned to having a black majority ...

African Americans in California African American Californians or Black Californians are residents of the state of California who are of African ancestry. According to 2019 United States Census Bureau estimates, those identified solely as African American or black consti ...

* African Americans in Chicago *

African Americans in Davenport, Iowa African Americans in Davenport, Iowa comprise the third-largest black community in Iowa, with a history that precedes the American Civil War, Civil War. Geography and demographics The Davenport, Iowa Metropolitan area straddles the Mississippi R ...

African Americans in France African Americans (also referred to as Afro-Americans or Black Americans) in France are people of African American heritage or black people from the United States who are or have become residents or citizens of France. This includes students an ...

African Americans in Florida African Americans in Florida or Black Floridians are residents of the state of Florida who are of African ancestry. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, African Americans were 16.6% of the state's population. The African-American presence in the peni ...

* African Americans in Georgia (U.S. state) * African Americans in Ghana * African Americans in Kansas * African Americans in Louisiana * African Americans in Maryland *

African Americans in Mississippi African Americans in Mississippi or Black Mississippians are residents of the state of Mississippi who are of African American ancestry. As of the 2019 U.S. Census estimates, African Americans were 37.8% of the state's population which is the ...

African Americans in New York City African Americans constitute one of the longer-running ethnic presences in New York City, home to the largest urban African American population, and the world's largest Black population of any city outside Africa, by a significant margin. Pop ...

African Americans in North Carolina African-American North Carolinians or Black North Carolinians are residents of the state of North Carolina who are of African ancestry. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, African Americans were 22% of the state's population. African slaves were b ...

* African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska * African Americans in San Francisco *

African Americans in South Carolina Black South Carolinians are residents of the state of South Carolina who are of African ancestry. This article examines South Carolina's history with an emphasis on the lives, status, and contributions of African Americans. Enslaved Africans f ...

* African Americans in Texas *

African Americans in Tennessee African Americans are the second largest ethnic group in the state of Tennessee after whites, making up 17% of the state's population in 2010. African Americans arrived in the region prior to statehood. They lived both as slaves and as free cit ...

* African Americans in Utah * African Americans in the United States Congress *

* (List of) African-American Republicans *

African Blood Brotherhood The African Blood Brotherhood for African Liberation and Redemption (ABB) was a U.S. black liberation organization established in 1919 in New York City by journalist Cyril Briggs. The group was established as a propaganda organization built on th ...

African Burial Ground National Monument African Burial Ground National Monument is a monument at Duane Street and African Burial Ground Way (Elk Street) in the Civic Center section of Lower Manhattan, New York City. Its main building is the Ted Weiss Federal Building at 290 Broadway ...

African Cemetery at Higgs Beach The African Cemetery at Higgs Beach is a cemetery in Key West, Florida where 294 of 1,342 Africans died soon in the first few months after being rescued in 1860 from captured slave ships. The cemetery was discovered in 2002 using ground-penetratin ...

* African Christian Union * African diaspora * African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem *

African Methodist Episcopal Church The African Methodist Episcopal Church, usually called the AME Church or AME, is a predominantly African American Methodist denomination. It adheres to Wesleyan-Arminian theology and has a connexional polity. The African Methodist Episcopal ...

* Africana Cultures and Policy Studies Institute * Africana philosophy *

Africana womanism "Africana womanism" is a term coined in the late 1980s by Clenora Hudson-Weems, intended as an ideology applicable to all women of African descent. It is grounded in African culture and Afrocentrism and focuses on the experiences, struggles, need ...

* Africans in Hawaii *

Africatown Africatown, also known as AfricaTown USA and Plateau, is a historic community located three miles (5 km) north of downtown Mobile, Alabama. It was formed by a group of 32 West Africans, who in 1860 were included in the last known illegal sh ...

* AfriCOBRA *

Afro The afro is a hair type created by natural growth of kinky hair, or specifically styled with chemical curling products by individuals with naturally curly or straight hair.Garland, Phyl"Is The Afro On Its Way Out?" ''Ebony'', February 1973. ...

* Afro-American Cultural Center at Yale * Afro-Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics * Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society *

Afro-American Museum of Pompano Beach The Afro-American Museum of Pompano Beach was a museum that was located at 295 NW Sixth St., Pompano Beach, Florida Pompano Beach ( ) is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. It is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, just ...

* Afro-American settlement in Africa *

Afrocentrism Afrocentrism is an approach to the study of world history that focuses on the history of people of recent African descent. It is in some respects a response to Eurocentric attitudes about African people and their historical contributions. It ...

Afro-Cuban jazz Afro-Cuban jazz is the earliest form of Latin jazz. It mixes Afro-Cuban clave-based rhythms with jazz harmonies and techniques of improvisation. Afro-Cuban music has deep roots in African ritual and rhythm.{{cite web, Cuba: Son and Afro-Cuban ...

*'' Afrodite Superstar'' *

Afrofuturism Afrofuturism is a cultural aesthetic, and philosophy of science and history that explores the intersection of the African diaspora culture with science and technology. It addresses themes and concerns of the African diaspora through technocultu ...

* Afro Psalms * Afro-punk * ''Afro-Punk'' (film) * Agana race riot * ''Ain't I a Woman?'' (book) *''

Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death ''Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death (Tunes from Blackness)'' is a musical with a book, music, and lyrics by Melvin Van Peebles. The musical contains some material also on three of Van Peebles' albums, ''Brer Soul'', '' Ain't Supposed to Die ...

'' *'' Akeelah and the Bee'' *

Alabama A&M University Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University (Alabama A&M) is a public historically black land-grant university in Normal, Huntsville, Alabama. Founded in 1875, it took its present name in 1969. AAMU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marsh ...

* Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights * Alabama Democratic Conference *

Alabama State University Alabama State University (ASU) is a public historically black university in Montgomery, Alabama. Founded in 1867, ASU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. History Alabama State University was founded in 1867 as the ...

Albany State University Albany State University is a public historically black university in Albany, Georgia. In 2017, Darton State College and Albany State University consolidated to become one university under the University System of Georgia (USG). Albany State U ...

* Alcorn State University *''

Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education ''Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education'', 396 U.S. 19 (1969), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ordered immediate desegregation of public schools in the American South. It followed 15 years of delays to integrate ...

'' *

Alexandria Black History Museum The Alexandria Black History Museum, located at 902 Wythe St., Alexandria, Virginia, is operated by the City of Alexandria. The building was formerly the Robert Robinson Library, originally constructed in 1940 as the first " separate but equal" lib ...

* ''All About You'' (film) * ''All God's Children'' (film) *'' All Power to the People'' *'' All the Young Men'' *

Allen University Allen University is a private historically black university in Columbia, South Carolina. It has more than 600 students and still serves a predominantly Black constituency. The campus is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as All ...

Alliance of Black Jews The Alliance of Black Jews was an American organization that was started in Chicago, Illinois, in 1995 by a group of African Americans who self-identified as Jews and Black Hebrews. At the time, they claimed to have estimated that there were about ...

* Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority * Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity * American Black Film Festival *

American Black Upper Class The African-American upper class is a social class that consists of African-American individuals who have high disposable incomes and high net worth. The group may include highly paid white-collar professionals such as academics, engineers, la ...

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states ...

* American Descendants of Slavery * ''American Gangster'' (film) *

American Negro Academy The American Negro Academy (ANA), founded in Washington, DC in 1897, was the first organization in the United States to support African-American academic scholarship. It operated until 1928,Smith and encouraged African Americans to undertake classic ...

* American Negro Ballet Company *

American Negro Labor Congress The American Negro Labor Congress was established in 1925 by the Communist Party as a vehicle for advancing the rights of African Americans, propagandizing for communism within the black community and recruiting African American members for the p ...

American Negro Theater The American Negro Theatre (ANT) was co-founded on June 5, 1940 by playwright Abram Hill and actor Frederick O'Neal. Determined to build a "people's theatre", they were inspired by the Federal Theatre Project's Negro Unit in Harlem and by W. E. ...

*'' American Slavery As It Is'' * American Society of African Culture *

American Society of Muslims The American Society of Muslims was a predominantly African-American association of Muslims which was the direct descendant of the original Nation of Islam. It was created by Warith Deen Mohammed after he assumed leadership of the Nation of Islam ...

American Tennis Association The American Tennis Association (ATA) is based in Largo, Maryland, outside Washington, D.C., and is the oldest African-American sports organization in the United States. The core of the ATA's modern mission continues to be promoting tennis as ...

*''

La Amistad ''La Amistad'' (; Spanish for ''Friendship'') was a 19th-century two- masted schooner, owned by a Spaniard colonizing Cuba. It became renowned in July 1839 for a slave revolt by Mende captives, who had been captured and sold to European slave ...

'' *''

Amos 'n' Andy ''Amos 'n' Andy'' is an American radio sitcom about black characters, initially set in Chicago and later in the Harlem section of New York City. While the show had a brief life on 1950s television with black actors, the 1928 to 1960 radio show ...

'' *

An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery, passed by the Fifth Pennsylvania General Assembly on 1 March 1780, prescribed an end for slavery in Pennsylvania. It was the first act abolishing slavery in the course of human history to be adopted by a ...

* And you are lynching Negroes *

Angola, Florida Angola was a prosperous community of up to 750 maroons (escaped slaves) that existed in Florida from 1812 until Florida became a U.S. territory in 1821, at which point it was destroyed. The location was along the Manatee River in Bradenton, Flori ...

* Ann Arbor Decision * ''Another Country'' (novel) *

Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States In the United States, anti-miscegenation laws (also known as miscegenation laws) were laws passed by most states that prohibited interracial marriage, and in some cases also prohibited interracial sexual relations. Some such laws predate the e ...

* Anti-Tom literature * ''Antwone Fisher'' (film) * A. Philip Randolph Institute * Apollo Theater * ''April Fools'' (2007 film) *'' Are We Done Yet?'' * ''Are We There Yet?'' (film) * Apostolic Faith Mission Church of God *

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff The University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB) is a public historically black university in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Founded in 1873, it is the second oldest public college or university in the state of Arkansas. UAPB is part of the University o ...

Arkansas Baptist College Arkansas Baptist College (ABC) is a private Baptist-affiliated historically black college in Little Rock, Arkansas. Founded in 1884 as the Minister's Institute, ABC was initially funded by the Colored Baptists of the State of Arkansas. It is th ...

* The Art Movements * Artworks commemorating African-Americans in Washington, D.C. * ''Aruba'' (film) * Ashton Villa * Jabari Asim * Association of Black Photographers *

Association of Black Psychologists The Association of Black Psychologists (ABPsi) is a professional association of African American psychologists founded in 1968 in San Francisco, with regional chapters throughout the United States. It publishes the '' Journal of Black Psychology' ...

* Association of Black Women Historians *

Association for the Study of African American Life and History The Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH) is an organization dedicated to the study and appreciation of African-American History. It is a non-profit organization founded in Chicago, Illinois, on September 9, 191 ...

* At the Beach LA * ''ATL'' (film) * Atlanta Compromise * Atlanta Conference of Negro Problems *

Atlanta Exposition Speech The Atlanta Exposition Speech was an address on the topic of race relations given by African-American scholar Booker T. Washington on September 18, 1895. The speech, presented before a predominantly white audience at the Cotton States and In ...

* ''The Atlanta Way'' (film) * A.U.M.P. Church *'' Aunt Phillis's Cabin'' * Ausar Auset Society * Ax Handle Saturday

B

*''

BAADASSSSS! ''Baadasssss!'' is a 2003 American biographical drama film, written, produced, directed by, and starring Mario Van Peebles. The film is based on the struggles of Van Peebles' father Melvin Van Peebles (played by Mario himself), as he attempts to f ...

'' * ''Baby Boy'' (film) * Baby mama * Backstreet Cultural Museum *

Back-to-Africa movement The back-to-Africa movement was based on the widespread belief among some European Americans in the 18th and 19th century United States that African Americans would want to return to the continent of Africa. In general, the political movement wa ...

*'' Bad Boys'' * ''Bait'' (2000 film) *

Ball culture The Ballroom Scene (also known as the Ballroom community, Ballroom culture, or just Ballroom) is an African-American and Latino underground LGBTQ+ subculture that originated in New York City. Beginning in the late 20th century, Black and Latin ...

*''

Bamboozled ''Bamboozled'' is a 2000 American satirical dark comedy-drama film written and directed by Spike Lee about a modern televised minstrel show featuring black actors donning blackface makeup and the resulting violent fallout from the show's success ...

'' *'' Band of Angels'' * ''Banished'' (film) *

Banjee Banjee (as in: "banjee boy" or "banjee girl") is a term originating in the house system and ball culture of New York City which seem to be "from the hood" or embodying an urban, tough swagger. The term is mostly associated with New York City and ...

* Banjo * Barber-Scotia College * ''Barbershop'' (film) **'' Barbershop 2: Back in Business'' *

Baseball color line The color line, also known as the color barrier, in American baseball excluded players of black African descent from Major League Baseball and its affiliated Minor Leagues until 1947 (with a few notable exceptions in the 19th century before the l ...

* Baton Rouge bus boycott * Battle of Ambos Nogales *

Battle of Baxter Springs The Battle of Baxter Springs, more commonly known as the Baxter Springs Massacre, was a minor battle of the American Civil War fought on 6 October 1863, near the present-day town of Baxter Springs, Kansas. In late 1863, Quantrill's Raiders, a l ...

Battle of Bear Valley The Battle of Bear Valley was a small engagement fought in 1918 between a band of Yaquis and a detachment of United States Army soldiers. On January 9, 1918, elements of the American 10th Cavalry Regiment detected about thirty armed Yaquis in B ...

Battle of Beecher Island The Battle of Beecher Island, also known as the Battle of Arikaree Fork, was an armed conflict between elements of the United States Army and several of the Plains Native American tribes in September 1868. Beecher Island, on the Arikaree Rive ...

* Battle of Black Jack *

Battle of Olustee The Battle of Olustee or Battle of Ocean Pond was fought in Baker County, Florida on February 20, 1864, during the American Civil War. It was the largest battle fought in Florida during the war. Union General Truman Seymour had landed troops ...

Battle of Fort Pillow The Battle of Fort Pillow, also known as the Fort Pillow massacre, was fought on April 12, 1864, at Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River in Henning, Tennessee, during the American Civil War. The battle ended with a massacre of Union soldiers ...

* Battle of Poison Spring * Battle of Saltville I *

Battle of Saltville II The Second Battle of Saltville (December 20–21, 1864), was fought near the town of Saltville, Virginia, during the American Civil War. After the defeat of General Stephen G. Burbridge's expedition against Saltville, Union General George St ...

* Battle of Fort Tularosa * Battle of Fort Walker *

Battle of Negro Fort Negro Fort (African Fort) was a short-lived fortification built by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812, in a remote part of what was at the time Spanish Florida. It was intended to support a never-realized British attack on the U.S. via i ...

Battle of Osawatomie The Battle of Osawatomie was an armed engagement that occurred on August 30, 1856, when 250–400 pro-slavery Border ruffians, led by John W. Reid, attacked the town of Osawatomie, Kansas, which had been settled largely by anti-slavery Free-Sta ...

* Battle of the Saline River * Bayview-Hunters Point, San Francisco *'' Beah: A Black Woman Speaks'' *'' Beale Street Mama'' * Bean pie *

Beatboxing Beatboxing (also beat boxing) is a form of vocal percussion primarily involving the art of mimicking drum machines (typically a TR-808), using one's mouth, lips, tongue, and voice.

* ''A Beautiful Soul'' (film) *''

Bébé's Kids ''Bebe's Kids'' (also marketed as ''Robin Harris' Bébé's Kids'') is a 1992 American adult animated comedy film produced by Hyperion Studio for Paramount Pictures. Directed by Bruce W. Smith, in his directorial debut, it is based upon comedia ...

'' *

Bebop Bebop or bop is a style of jazz developed in the early-to-mid-1940s in the United States. The style features compositions characterized by a fast tempo, complex chord progressions with rapid chord changes and numerous changes of key, instrumen ...

* Beecher's Bible *'' Bell v. Maryland'' * ''Belly'' (film) * ''Beloved'' (1998 film) *

Benedict College Benedict College is a private historically black college in Columbia, South Carolina. Founded in 1870 by northern Baptists, it was originally a teachers' college. It has since expanded to offer majors in many disciplines across the liberal arts ...

Bennett College Bennett College is a private historically black liberal arts college for women in Greensboro, North Carolina. It was founded in 1873 as a normal school to educate freedmen and train both men and women as teachers. Originally coed, in 1926 it ...

* ''The Best Man'' (1999 film) *

BET Awards The BET Awards is an American award show that was established in 2001 by the Black Entertainment Television network to celebrate black entertainers and other minorities in music, film, sports and philanthropy. The awards, which are presented annua ...

BET Her BET Her (formerly Centric) is an American basic cable television network owned by Paramount Media Networks. The network is a spin-off of BET with a focus on general entertainment targeting African-American women. The channel originally launched ...

Bethel Literary and Historical Society The Bethel Literary and Historical Society was an organization founded in 1881 by African Methodist Episcopal Church Bishop Daniel Payne and continued at least until 1915. It represented a highly significant development in African-American society ...

* Bethune-Cookman University * ''The Betrayal'' (1948 film) *'' Beyond the Down Low'' *'' Big Ain't Bad'' *

Big band A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. Big bands originated during the early 1910s ...

* ''Big River'' (musical) *''

Big Momma's House ''Big Momma's House'' is a 2000 American buddy cop comedy film, directed by Raja Gosnell, and written by Darryl Quarles and Don Rhymer. The film stars Martin Lawrence as an FBI agent who is tasked with tracking down an escaped convict and hi ...

'' *'' Biker Boyz'' * Biloxi wade-ins *''

The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings ''The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings'' is a 1976 American sports comedy film about a team of enterprising ex- Negro league baseball players in the era of racial segregation. Loosely based upon William Brashler's 1973 novel of the ...

'' * ''Bird'' (1988 film) * Bishop State Community College *

Bishop College Bishop College was a historically black college, founded in Marshall, Texas, United States, in 1881 by the Baptist Home Mission Society. It was intended to serve students in east Texas, where the majority of the black population lived at the t ...

(historical) * Black Americana *

Black American Princess ''Black American princess'' (''BAP'') is a (sometimes) pejorative term for African-American women of upper- and upper-middle-class background, who possess (or are perceived to possess) a spoiled or materialistic demeanor. While carrying "valley ...

* Black American Racers Association * Black American Sign Language *

List of black animated characters This list of black animated characters lists fictional characters found on television and in motion pictures. The Black people in this list include African American animated characters and other characters of Sub-Saharan African descent or populat ...

Black-appeal stations Before the development of the radio format called "Top 40" was born, "Black Appeal Stations" reinvigorated radio. By playing a specific group of songs aimed specifically at the young African American demographic, "Black Appeal Stations" helped keep ...

* Black Arts Movement * ''Black August'' (film) *

Black Autonomy Network Community Organization The Black Autonomy Network Community Organization (BANCO) is a political and social justice coalition working in Benton Harbor, Michigan, US. It was founded by Edward Pinkney to protest the June 16, 2003 death of a 28-year-old African-American, Ter ...

Black Betty "Black Betty" ( Roud 11668) is a 20th-century African-American work song often credited to Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter as the author, though the earliest recordings are not by him. Some sources claim it is one of Lead Belly's many adaptations ...

* Black billionaires *'' Blackbirds of 1928'' * ''Black and Blue'' (musical) * Black Bottom *'' Black Boy'' *'' The Black Candle'' * Black capitalism *

Black Catholicism Black Catholicism or African-American Catholicism comprises the African American people, beliefs, and practices in the Catholic Church. There are currently around 3 million Black Catholics in the United States, making up 6% of the total popula ...

Black church The black church (sometimes termed Black Christianity or African American Christianity) is the faith and body of Christian congregations and denominations in the United States that minister predominantly to African Americans, as well as their ...

Black Coaches & Administrators The Black Coaches & Administrators (BCA) is a non-profit organization whose primary purpose is "to foster the growth and development of ethnic minorities at all levels of sports both nationally and internationally". It currently is focused on athl ...

* (List of) Black college football classics *

Black Consciousness Movement The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was a grassroots anti-Apartheid activist movement that emerged in South Africa in the mid-1960s out of the political vacuum created by the jailing and banning of the African National Congress and Pan Afri ...

* Black conservatism *

Black conservatism in the United States Black conservatism in the United States is a political and social movement rooted in communities of African descent that aligns largely with the American conservative movement, including the Christian right. Black conservatism emphasizes socia ...

Black Cultural Association The Black Cultural Association (BCA) was an African-American inmate group founded in 1968 at the California Medical Facility at Vacaville, a California state prison, and formally recognized by prison officials in 1969. The primary purpose of the B ...

* Black Data Processing Associates * Black Dispatches *

Black doll A Black doll is a doll of a black person. Black doll manufacture dates back to the 19th century, with representations being both realistic and stereotypical. More accurate, mass-produced depictions are manufactured today as toys and adult collec ...

Black elite The Black elite is any elite, either political or economic in nature, that is made up of people who identify as of Black African descent. In the Western World, it is typically distinct from other national elites, such as the United Kingdom's arist ...

*''

Black Enterprise ''Black Enterprise'' is a black-owned multimedia company. Since the 1970s, its flagship product ''Black Enterprise'' magazine has covered African-American businesses with a readership of 3.7 million. The company was founded in 1970 by Earl ...

'' * Black Enterprise Business Report *

Black Entertainment and Sports Lawyers Association The Black Entertainment and Sports Lawyers Association, usually abbreviated as BESLA, is a professional organization of attorneys along with sports and entertainment executives of color to provide continuing education and other support services to ...

* Black Entertainment Television * Black existentialism * Blackface * Black Family Channel *

Black feminism Black feminism is a philosophy that centers on the idea that "Black women are inherently valuable, that lack women'sliberation is a necessity not as an adjunct to somebody else's but because our need as human persons for autonomy." Race, gen ...

Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame The Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame, Inc. (BFHFI), was founded in 1974, in Oakland, California. It supported and promoted black filmmaking, and preserved the contributions by African-American artists both before and behind the camera. It also sponso ...

Black flight Black flight is a term applied to the migration of African Americans from predominantly black or mixed inner-city areas in the United States to suburbs and newly constructed homes on the outer edges of cities. While more attention has been paid ...

* Black gay pride *

Black Hebrew Israelites Black Hebrew Israelites (also called Hebrew Israelites, Black Hebrews, Black Israelites, and African Hebrew Israelites) are groups of African Americans who believe that they are the descendants of the ancient Israelites. Some sub-groups believ ...

Black Hispanic and Latino Americans Black Hispanic and Latino Americans, also called Afro-Hispanics ( es, Afrohispano, links=no), Afro-Latinos or Black Hispanics, or Black Latinos are classified by the United States Census Bureau, Office of Management and Budget, and other U.S. ...

Black History Month Black History Month is an annual observance originating in the United States, where it is also known as African-American History Month. It has received official recognition from governments in the United States and Canada, and more recently ...

Black Inches ''Black Inches'' () was a US-based gay pornographic magazine featuring African-American men. Published by Mavety Media alongside magazines such as ''Mandate'', it was established in 1993 and folded in 2009. Features The photos appearing in the m ...

Black Indians in the United States Black Indians are Native American people – defined as Native American due to being affiliated with Native American communities and being culturally Native American – who also have significant African American heritage. Historically, certai ...

* Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity *

Black is Beautiful Black is beautiful is a cultural movement that was started in the United States in the 1960s by African Americans. It later spread beyond the United States, most prominently in the writings of the Black Consciousness Movement of Steve Biko in ...

*'' Black is... Black Ain't'' * Black leftism * Black Liberators *'' Black Like Me'' * ''Black Like Me'' (film) * ''The Black List'' (film series) *

Black Lives Matter Black Lives Matter (abbreviated BLM) is a decentralized political and social movement that seeks to highlight racism, discrimination, and racial inequality experienced by black people. Its primary concerns are incidents of police br ...

Black Loyalist Black Loyalists were people of African descent who sided with the Loyalists during the American Revolutionary War. In particular, the term refers to men who escaped enslavement by Patriot masters and served on the Loyalist side because of the C ...

Black Mafia The Black Mafia, also known as the Philadelphia Black Mafia (PBM), Black Muslim Mafia and Muslim Mob, was a Philadelphia-based African-American organized crime syndicate. The organization began as a small criminal collective, known for holdin ...

Black Mafia Family The Black Mafia Family (BMF) was a drug trafficking and money laundering organization in the United States. The Black Mafia Family was founded in 1985, in Southwest Detroit by brothers Demetrius "Big Meech" Flenory and Terry "Southwest T" F ...

*'' The Black Man: His Antecedents, His Genius and His Achievements'' * Black matriarchy *

Black mecca A black mecca, in the United States, is a city to which African Americans, particularly singles, professionals, and middle-class families, are drawn to live, due to some or all of the following factors: * superior economic opportunities for blac ...

Black middle class The African-American middle class consists of African-Americans who have middle-class status within the American class structure. It is a societal level within the African-American community that primarily began to develop in the early 1960s, ...

* Black Movie Awards * Black Music Month *

Black nationalism Black nationalism is a type of racial nationalism or pan-nationalism which espouses the belief that black people are a race, and which seeks to develop and maintain a black racial and national identity. Black nationalist activism revolves aro ...

Black orientalism Black orientalism is an intellectual and cultural movement found primarily within African-American circles. While similar to the general movement of Orientalism in its negative outlook upon Western Asian – especially Arab – culture and religi ...

* Black Panther Party * Black participation in college basketball * BlackPast.org *

Black Patriot (American Revolution) Black Patriots were African Americans who sided with the colonists who opposed British rule during the American Revolution. The term "Black Patriots" includes, but is not limited to, the 5,000 or more African Americans who served in the Continen ...

Black Patti Records Black Patti Records was a short-lived American record label based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, founded by Mayo Williams in 1927. It was named after the black opera singer Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones, who was called Black Patti becau ...

* Black people * Black people in Ireland *

Black Pioneers The Black Company of Pioneers, also known as the Black Pioneers and Clinton's Black Pioneers, were a British Provincial military unit raised for Loyalist service during the American Revolutionary War. The Black Loyalist company was raised by Gener ...

BlackPlanet BlackPlanet is an African-American social networking service for matchmaking and job postings; it also has forums for discussion on political and social issues. BlackPlanet was launched on September 1, 2001 by Omar Wasow, an Internet analyst, wh ...

Black players in American professional football Details of the history of black players in professional American football depend on the professional football league considered, which includes the National Football League (NFL); the American Football League (AFL), a rival league from 1960 throu ...

* Black populism * Black Power *'' Black Power and the American Myth'' * Black Power movement * Black pride *

Black psychology Black psychology, also known as African-American psychology and African/Black psychology, is a scientific field that focuses on how people of African descent know and experience the world. The field, particularly in the United States, largely emerge ...

* Black Radical Congress *''

Black Reconstruction in America ''Black Reconstruction in America: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880'' is a history of the Reconstruction era by W. E. B. Du Bois, first published in ...

'' *

Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards, or BRAs, is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film (FAAAF) to recognize excellence of African Americans, as well as the cinematic achievements of the Afr ...

* Black refugee (War of 1812) *

Black Rock Coalition The Black Rock Coalition is a New York-based artists' collective and nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting the creative freedom and works of black musicians. Founding and purpose The BRC was founded in 1985 in New York City by Vernon Reid ...

*'' The Black Scholar'' *

Black school Black schools, also referred to as "colored" schools, were racially segregated schools in the United States that originated after the American Civil War and Reconstruction era. The phenomenon began in the late 1860s during Reconstruction era ...

* Black science fiction *

Black Seminoles The Black Seminoles, or Afro-Seminoles are Native American-Africans associated with the Seminole people in Florida and Oklahoma. They are mostly blood descendants of the Seminole people, free Africans, and escaped slaves, who allied with Seminole ...

* Black Seminole Scouts *

Black separatism Black separatism is a separatist political movement that seeks separate economic and cultural development for those of African descent in societies, particularly in the United States. Black separatism stems from the idea of racial solidarity, an ...

* Black sermonic tradition *'' Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism'' *

Black sitcom A black sitcom is a sitcom that principally features black people in its cast. Prominent black sitcoms to date typically come from the United States with African American casts. Although sitcoms with primarily black characters have been present ...

Black Star Line The Black Star Line (1919−1922) was a shipping line incorporated by Marcus Garvey, the organizer of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), and other members of the UNIA. The shipping line was created to facilitate the transportation ...

* Black supremacy * Black Swan Records *

Black Theater of Ardmore The Black Theater of Ardmore is a historic theater building in Ardmore, Oklahoma, United States. It was built in 1922 during a time of racial segregation, when Ardmore's community of more than 2,000 African American residents had its own busines ...

* Black theology * Black Women Organized for Political Action *

The Black World Today The Black World Today was a communicative website founded in July 1996 by Don Rojas (former press secretary to Maurice Bishop), with Herb Boyd as managing editor. The website is now defunct.Todd S. BurroughsDrums in the Global Village./ref> The si ...

* ''Blacks and Jews'' (film) *''

Blankman ''Blankman'' is a 1994 American superhero comedy parody film directed by Mike Binder and starring Damon Wayans and David Alan Grier. It was written by Wayans and J. F. Lawton. Plot As kids, Darryl and Kevin Walker grew up as fans of the te ...

'' * Blaxploitation *

Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas, or the Border War was a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, and to a lesser extent in western Missouri, between 1854 and 1859. It emerged from a political and ideological debate over the ...

* Bling-bling * ''BLK'' (magazine) * Blockbusting *

Block party A block party or street party is a party in which many members of a single community congregate, either to observe an event of some importance or simply for mutual solidarity and enjoyment. The name comes from the form of the party, which ofte ...

*'' The Blood of Jesus'' *

Bloods The Bloods are a primarily African-American street gang founded in Los Angeles, California. The gang is widely known for its rivalry with the Crips. It is identified by the red color worn by its members and by particular gang symbols, includ ...

* Bluefield State College * Blue Front Cafe * Blue Hill Avenue (film) *

Blue note In jazz and blues, a blue note is a note that—for expressive purposes—is sung or played at a slightly different pitch from standard. Typically the alteration is between a quartertone and a semitone, but this varies depending on the musical c ...

* Blues * ''Blues in the Night'' (musical) *''

The Bluest Eye ''The Bluest Eye,'' published in 1970, is the first novel written by Toni Morrison. The novel takes place in Lorain, Ohio (Morrison's hometown), and tells the story of a young African-American girl named Pecola who grew up following the Great De ...

'' *'' Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell'' * ''Body and Soul'' (1925 film) * ''Bones'' (2001 film) *'' Bolling v. Sharpe'' *

Boogie-woogie Boogie-woogie is a genre of blues music that became popular during the late 1920s, developed in African-American communities since 1870s.Paul, Elliot, ''That Crazy American Music'' (1957), Chapter 10, p. 229. It was eventually extended from pi ...

* Booker T. Washington Junior College * Booker T. Washington National Monument * ''Book of Love'' (2002 film) *''

Book of Negroes The ''Book of Negroes'' is a document created by Brigadier General Samuel Birch, under the direction of Sir Guy Carleton, that records names and descriptions of 3,000 Black Loyalists, enslaved Africans who escaped to the British lines during ...

'' * ''Boomerang'' (1992 film) * ''The Boondocks'' (comic strip) *''

Booty Call ''Booty Call'' is a 1997 American buddy comedy film, written by J. Stanford Parker (credited as Bootsie) and Takashi Bufford, and directed by Jeff Pollack. The film stars Jamie Foxx, Tommy Davidson, Vivica A. Fox, and Tamala Jones. Plot Rusho ...

'' * Bop (disambiguation) * Bossip *'' Bouie v. City of Columbia'' * Bounce TV *

Bowie State University Bowie State University (Bowie State) is a public historically black university in Prince George's County, Maryland, north of Bowie. It is part of the University System of Maryland. Founded in 1865, Bowie State is Maryland's oldest historically ...

*'' Boynton v. Virginia'' *'' Boy! What a Girl!'' *'' Boyz n the Hood'' *

Brass Ankles The Brass Ankles of South Carolina, also referred to as Croatan, lived in the swamp areas of Goose Creek, SC and Holly Hill, SC (Crane Pond) in order to escape the harshness of racism and the Indian Removal Act. African slaves and European inde ...

* Tawana Brawley rape allegations * ''Bread and Roses'' (disambiguation) *

Break (music) In popular music, a break is an instrumental or percussion section during a song derived from or related to stop-time – being a "break" from the main parts of the song or piece. A break is usually interpolated between sections of a song, to ...

*'' Breakin' All the Rules'' * B-boying or breakdancing *

Br'er Rabbit Br'er Rabbit (an abbreviation of ''Brother Rabbit'', also spelled Brer Rabbit) is a central figure in an oral tradition passed down by African-Americans of the Southern United States and African descendants in the Caribbean, notably Afro-Bahami ...

*'' Br'er Rabbit Earns a Dollar a Minute'' *''

Briggs v. Elliott ''Briggs v. Elliott'', 342 U.S. 350 (1952), on appeal from the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina, challenged school segregation in Summerton, South Carolina. It was the first of the five cases combined into ''Brown v. ...

'' *''

Bright Road ''Bright Road'' is a 1953 low-budget film adapted from the Christopher Award-winning short story "See How They Run" by Mary Elizabeth Vroman. Directed by Gerald Mayer and featuring a nearly all-black cast, the film stars Dorothy Dandridge as an ...

'' *'' Bring in 'da Noise, Bring in 'da Funk'' * ''The Brute'' (1920 film) * Bronner Bros. * ''Brother John'' (film) *'' Brother Martin: Servant of Jesus'' * ''The Brothers'' (2001 film) *

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Founded in 1925, The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) was the first labor organization led by African Americans to receive a charter in the American Federation of Labor (AFL). The BSCP gathered a membership of 18,000 passenger railwa ...

*''

Browder v. Gayle ''Browder v. Gayle'', 142 F. Supp. 707 (1956),''Browder v. Gayle''
14 ...

'' *''

Brown v. Board of Education ''Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka'', 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segrega ...

'' * Brownsville affair *'' Bubbling Brown Sugar'' *'' Buchanan v. Warley'' *'' Buck and the Preacher'' *

Bud Billiken Club The Bud Billiken Club was a social club for African–American youth in Chicago, Illinois, established in 1923, by the ''Chicago Defender'' founder Robert Sengstacke Abbott and its editor, Lucius Harper. The Bud Billiken Club was formed as part of ...

Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic The Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic (also known as The Bud Billiken Day Parade) is an annual parade held since 1929 in Chicago, Illinois. The Bud Billiken Day Parade is the largest African-American parade in the United States of America. Held annu ...

*'' The Buffalo Saga'' *

Buffalo Soldier Buffalo Soldiers originally were members of the 10th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army, formed on September 21, 1866, at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. This nickname was given to the Black Cavalry by Native American tribes who fought in th ...

* Bureau of Colored Troops *'' Burlesque in Harlem'' *''

Bush Mama ''Bush Mama'' is an American film made by Ethiopian-American director Haile Gerima, part of the L.A. Rebellion movement of political and experimental black cinema in the 1970s. It was released in 1979 though made earlier, in 1975. In 2022, it w ...

'' *

Bushwhacker Bushwhacking was a form of guerrilla warfare common during the American Revolutionary War, War of 1812, American Civil War and other conflicts in which there were large areas of contested land and few governmental resources to control these tra ...

* ''Bustin' Loose'' (film) * Butler Medal

C

* ''Cabin in the Sky'' (film) *''

Cadillac Records ''Cadillac Records'' is a 2008 American biographical drama film written and directed by Darnell Martin. The film explores the musical era from the early 1940s to the late 1960s, chronicling the life of the influential Chicago-based record-compan ...

'' *

Café Society Café society was the description of the "Beautiful People" and "Bright Young Things" who gathered in fashionable cafés and restaurants in New York, Paris and London beginning in the late 19th century. Maury Henry Biddle Paul is credited with ...

Cakewalk The cakewalk was a dance developed from the "prize walks" (dance contests with a cake awarded as the prize) held in the mid-19th century, generally at get-togethers on Black slave plantations before and after emancipation in the Southern Uni ...

California African American Museum The California African American Museum (CAAM) is a museum located in Exposition Park, Los Angeles, California, United States. The museum focuses on enrichment and education on the cultural heritage and history of African Americans with a focus o ...

Call and response Call and response is a form of interaction between a speaker and an audience in which the speaker's statements ("calls") are punctuated by responses from the listeners. This form is also used in music, where it falls under the general category of ...

* ''Callaloo'' (journal) *

Cambridge, Maryland Cambridge is a city in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. The population was 13,096 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Dorchester County and the county's largest municipality. Cambridge is the fourth most populous city in Mary ...

* Camp Ashby *

Camp Lejeune Incident The Camp Lejeune incident refers to the outbreak of hostilities between black and white enlisted Marines at an NCO Club near the United States Marine Corps's Camp Lejeune in North Carolina, on the evening of July 20, 1969.Stillman (1974), p.221 I ...

* Camp Lockett *

Camp Nelson National Cemetery Camp Nelson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in southern Jessamine County, Kentucky. It was originally a graveyard associated with the U.S. Army's Camp Nelson, which was active during the U.S. Civil War and its a ...

Canterbury Female Boarding School The Canterbury Female Boarding School, in Canterbury, Connecticut, was operated by its founder, Prudence Crandall, from 1831 to 1834. When townspeople would not allow African-American girls to enroll, Crandall decided to turn it into a school for ...

* Carmel Indians *'' Carmen: A Hip Hopera'' *''

Carmen Jones ''Carmen Jones'' is a 1943 Broadway musical with music by Georges Bizet (orchestrated for Broadway by Robert Russell Bennett) and lyrics and book by Oscar Hammerstein II which was performed at The Broadway Theatre. Conceptually, it is Bizet's o ...

'' * ''Carmen Jones'' (film) * ''Caught Up'' (film) *

Cave Canem Foundation Cave Canem Foundation is an American 501(c)(3) organization founded in 1996 by poets Toi Derricotte and Cornelius Eady to remedy the underrepresentation and isolation of African-American poets in Master of Fine Arts (MFA) programs and writing work ...

*'' CB4'' *

4th Cavalry Regiment (United States) The 4th Cavalry Regiment is a United States Army cavalry regiment, whose lineage is traced back to the mid-19th century. It was one of the most effective units of the Army against American Indians on the Texas frontier. Today, the regiment ex ...

* Central Brooklyn Jazz Consortium * Central State University * ''Char Room'' (film) *

Cheyney University of Pennsylvania Cheyney University of Pennsylvania is a public historically black university in Cheyney, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1837, it is the oldest university out of all historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the United States. It is a m ...

* Chesapeake pipes *

Chestnut Ridge people The Chestnut Ridge people (CRP) are a mixed-race community concentrated in an area northeast of Philippi, Barbour County in north-central West Virginia, with smaller related communities in the adjacent counties of Harrison and Taylor. They are o ...

* Chicago stepping *

Chief Buffalo Child Long Lance Chief Buffalo Child Long Lance (born Sylvester Clark Long; December 1, 1890 – March 20, 1932) was a journalist, writer and film actor who, for a time, became internationally prominent as a spokesman for Native American causes. He published an ...

*''

Children, Go Where I Send Thee "Children, Go Where I Send Thee" (alternatively "Children, Go Where I Send You" or variations thereof, also known as "The Holy Baby", "Little Bitty Baby", or "Born in Bethlehem") is a traditional African-American spiritual song. Among the many d ...

'' *

Children of the plantation "Children of the plantation" is a euphemism and term used that refers to ancestry tracing back to the time of slavery in the United States in which the offspring was born to black African female slaves (either still in the state of slavery or f ...

* Chitlin circuit *

Chowanoke The Chowanoke, also spelled Chowanoc, are an Algonquian-language Native American tribe who historically inhabited the coastal area of the Upper South of the United States. At the time of the first English contacts in 1585 and 1586, they were th ...

* Christian Methodist Episcopal Church *'' The Church of Saint Coltrane'' *'' Civil Brand'' *

City Mission Society The City Mission Society, is a social justice Social justice is justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society. In Western and Asian cultures, the concept of social justice has often referr ...

* Civil Rights Act of 1866 * Civil Rights Act of 1875 * Civil Rights Act of 1957 *

Civil Rights Act of 1960 The Civil Rights Act of 1960 () is a United States federal law that established federal inspection of local voter registration polls and introduced penalties for anyone who obstructed someone's attempt to register to vote. It dealt primarily wi ...

* Civil Rights Act of 1964 *

Civil Rights Cases The ''Civil Rights Cases'', 109 U.S. 3 (1883), were a group of five landmark cases in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments did not empower Congress to outlaw racial discrimination by pr ...

Civil rights movement The civil rights movement was a nonviolent social and political movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized institutional racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement throughout the Unite ...

Civil rights movement (1865–1896) The civil rights movement (1865–1896) aimed to eliminate racial discrimination against African Americans, improve their educational and employment opportunities, and establish their electoral power, just after the abolition of slavery in the ...

Civil rights movement (1896–1954) The civil rights movement (1896–1954) was a long, primarily nonviolent action to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. The era has had a lasting impact on American society – in its tactics, the increased social ...

* Civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska * ''The Civil War'' (musical) *

Claflin University Claflin University is a private historically black university in Orangeburg, South Carolina. Founded in 1869 after the American Civil War by northern missionaries for the education of freedmen and their children, it offers bachelor's and master' ...

* Clark Atlanta University *'' Class Act'' *

Classical Theatre of Harlem The Classical Theatre of Harlem (CTH) is an off-broadway professional theatre company founded in 1999 at the Harlem School for the Arts. Producing on average 2-3 productions a year as well as implementing extensive educational programming, CTH remai ...

* ''Claudine'' (film) *

Clef Club The Clef Club was an entertainment venue and society for African-American musicians in Harlem, achieving its largest success in the 1910s. Incorporated by James Reese Europe in 1910, it was a combination musicians' hangout, fraternity club, labor ...

Clinton Junior College Clinton College is a private historically black Christian college in Rock Hill, South Carolina. It is accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. History It was founded as the Clinton Institute in 1894 and ...

* ''Clockers'' (film) *''

Clotel ''Clotel; or, The President's Daughter: A Narrative of Slave Life in the United States'' is an 1853 novel by United States author and playwright William Wells Brown about Clotel and her sister, fictional slave daughters of Thomas Jefferson. Brown ...

'' * Clothing in the Ragtime Era *''

Coach Carter ''Coach Carter'' is a 2005 American biographical teen sports drama film starring Samuel L. Jackson and directed by Thomas Carter (no relation). The film is based on the true story of Richmond High School basketball coach Ken Carter (played ...

'' *

Coahoma Community College Coahoma Community College (CCC) is a public historically black community college in Coahoma County, Mississippi. The college was founded in 1949 and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges. It offe ...

Coalition of Black Trade Unionists The Coalition of Black Trade Unionists (CBTU) is a nonprofit organization of African American trade union members affiliated with the AFL–CIO. More than 50 different international and national trade unions are represented in CBTU and there are 50 ...

* Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor confrontation of 1899 *''

Coffy ''Coffy'' is a 1973 American blaxploitation film written and directed by Jack Hill. The story is about a black female vigilante played by Pam Grier who seeks violent revenge against a heroin dealer responsible for her sister's addiction.Gary A. ...

'' *

Coleman Manufacturing Company The Coleman Manufacturing Company (1897–1904) had the first cotton mill in the United States owned and operated by African Americans. Organized in 1897 by Warren Clay Coleman and others, and operating under original leadership until 1904, it ...

* Colfax massacre * The Collegiate 100 * Colonial period of South Carolina * Colonization Societies *''

Color Adjustment ''Color Adjustment'' is a 1992 documentary film that traces 40 years of race relations and the representation of African Americans through the lens of prime-time television entertainment, scrutinizing television's racial myths. Narrated by Ruby Dee ...

'' * Color blindness (race) * ''The Color of Friendship'' (2000 film) * Color line (civil rights issue) *

Colored ''Colored'' (or ''coloured'') is a racial descriptor historically used in the United States during the Jim Crow Era to refer to an African American. In many places, it may be considered a slur, though it has taken on a special meaning in Sout ...

* Colored Episcopal Mission * Colored Music Settlement School * Colored National Labor Union *

Colored Soldiers Monument in Frankfort The Colored Soldiers Monument in Frankfort, Kentucky's Green Hill Cemetery, at the junction of US 60 and US 421, is the only Kentucky monument honoring black soldiers that participated in the American Civil War, and one of only four in the entir ...

Colorism Discrimination based on skin color, also known as colorism, or shadeism, is a form of prejudice and/or discrimination in which people who share similar ethnicity traits or perceived race are treated differently based on the social implications ...

*''

The Color Purple ''The Color Purple'' is a 1982 epistolary novel by American author Alice Walker which won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Award for Fiction.

'' * ''The Color Purple'' (musical) *'' Colors Straight Up'' *

Columbia Air Center The Columbia Air Center was an airfield in Croom, Maryland from 1941 to 1958. It was started by African American pilots who were not permitted to use other airports, but was also open to whites. It had an all black staff, and a number of the tra ...

Combahee River Collective The Combahee River Collective ( ) was a Black feminist lesbian socialist organization active in Boston from 1974 to 1980. Marable, Manning; Leith Mullings (eds), ''Let Nobody Turn Us Around: Voices of Resistance, Reform, and Renewal'', Combahee ...

*''

Come Back, Charleston Blue ''Come Back, Charleston Blue'' is a 1972 American comedy film starring Godfrey Cambridge and Raymond St. Jacques, loosely based on Chester Himes' novel ''The Heat's On''. It is a sequel to the 1970 film '' Cotton Comes to Harlem''. Plot Detect ...

'' *''

Coming to America ''Coming to America'' is a 1988 American romantic comedy film directed by John Landis and based on a story originally created by Eddie Murphy, who also stars in the lead role. The film also co-stars Arsenio Hall, James Earl Jones, Shari Hea ...

'' * ''Commitments'' (film) *

Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery The Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery are a pair of separate cemeteries on Farewell and Warner Street in Newport, Rhode Island. Together they contain over 5,000 graves, including a colonial-era slave cemetery and Jewish graves. The pair ...

* The Communist Party and African-Americans *

Community Reinvestment Act The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA, P.L. 95-128, 91 Stat. 1147, title VIII of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1977, ''et seq.'') is a United States federal law designed to encourage commercial banks and savings associations to hel ...

* Composers of African descent *

Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–Am ...

* Concordia College, Selma *

Congdon Street Baptist Church The Congdon Street Baptist Church is an historically African American church at 17 Congdon Street in the College Hill neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island. Description and history The congregation was established in 1819, and originally me ...

Congo Square Congo Square (french: Place Congo) is an open space, now within Louis Armstrong Park, which is located in the Tremé neighborhood of New Orleans, Louisiana, just across Rampart Street north of the French Quarter. The square is famous for its ...

Congressional Black Caucus The Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) is a caucus made up of most African-American members of the United States Congress. Representative Karen Bass from California chaired the caucus from 2019 to 2021; she was succeeded by Representative Joyce B ...

Congress of Racial Equality The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the civil rights movement. Founded in 1942, its stated mission is "to bring about ...

*'' The Conjure Woman'' *

Conk The conk was a hairstyle popular among African-American men from the 1920s up to early-mid 1960s. This hairstyle called for a man with naturally "kinky" hair to have it chemically straightened using a relaxer called congolene, an initiall ...

Connie's Inn Connie's Inn was a Harlem, New York City, nightclub established in 1923 by Connie Immerman ''(né'' Conrad Immerman; 1893–1967) in partnership with two of his brothers, George (1884–1944) and Louie Immerman (1882–1955). Having immigrated from ...

* Consolidation Coal Company (Iowa) * ''Constellation'' (film) *

Constitution of Virginia The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Virginia is the document that defines and limits the powers of the state government and the basic rights of the citizens of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Like all other state constitutions, it is supreme ...

Constitutional colorblindness Constitutional colorblindness is an aspect of United States Supreme Court case evaluation that began with Justice Harlan's dissent in ''Plessy v. Ferguson ''in 1896. Prior to this (and for several years afterwards), the Supreme Court considered ...

Contemporary R&B Contemporary R&B (or simply R&B) is a popular music genre that combines rhythm and blues with elements of pop, soul, funk, hip hop, and electronic music. The genre features a distinctive record production style, drum machine-backed rhy ...

*'' The Cookout'' * Cool (American Negro aesthetic) *

Cool jazz Cool jazz is a style of modern jazz music that arose in the United States after World War II. It is characterized by relaxed tempos and lighter tone, in contrast to the fast and complex bebop style. Cool jazz often employs formal arrangements an ...

*''

Cooley High ''Cooley High'' is a 1975 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film that follows the narrative of high school seniors and best friends, Leroy "Preach" Jackson ( Glynn Turman) and Richard "Cochise" Morris (Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs). Written by Eric ...

'' *

Coon song Coon songs were a genre of music that presented a stereotype of black people. They were popular in the United States and Australia from around 1880 to 1920, though the earliest such songs date from minstrel shows as far back as 1848, when they we ...

*'' Cooper v. Aaron'' *

Coppin State University Coppin State University (Coppin) is a public historically black university in Baltimore, Maryland. It is part of the University System of Maryland and a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. In terms of demographics, the Coppin State s ...

Copp's Hill Burying Ground Copp's Hill Burying Ground is a historic cemetery in the North End of Boston, Massachusetts. Established in 1659, it was originally named "North Burying Ground", and was the city's second cemetery. History The cemetery was founded on Februa ...

* Coretta Scott King Award *''

Cornbread, Earl and Me ''Cornbread, Earl and Me'' is a 1975 American coming-of-age drama film that stars Tierre Turner, Laurence Fishburne (in his film debut), and NBA player Jamaal Wilkes. It was directed and co-produced by Joseph Manduke. The film is loosely based ...

'' *'' The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood'' *

Cornerstone Speech The Cornerstone Speech, also known as the Cornerstone Address, was an oration given by Alexander H. Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America, at the Athenaeum in Savannah, Georgia, on March 21, 1861. The improvised speech, ...

Cornrows Cornrows are a traditional style of braids in which the hair is braided very close to the scalp, using an underhand, upward motion to make a continuous, raised row. Cornrows are often done in simple, straight lines, as the term implies, but they ...

*''

The Cosby Show ''The Cosby Show'' is an American television sitcom co-created by and starring Bill Cosby, which aired Thursday nights for eight seasons on NBC between September 20, 1984, until April 30, 1992. The show focuses on an upper middle-class Africa ...

'' **(List of) ''The Cosby Show'' characters * Julius Brewster Cotton *

Cotton Club The Cotton Club was a New York City nightclub from 1923 to 1940. It was located on 142nd Street and Lenox Avenue (1923–1936), then briefly in the midtown Theater District (1936–1940).Elizabeth Winter"Cotton Club of Harlem (1923- )" Blac ...

* Cotton Club (Portland) *''

Cotton Comes to Harlem ''Cotton Comes to Harlem'' is a 1970 American neo-noir action comedy thriller film co-written and directed by Ossie Davis and starring Godfrey Cambridge, Raymond St. Jacques, and Redd Foxx. The film, later cited as an early example of the ...

'' * ''Cotton Comes to Harlem'' (novel) *

The Council (drug syndicate) The Council was an African-American organized crime syndicate in New York City that controlled the heroin trade in the Harlem area of the city during the 1970s. Formed by Nicky Barnes in 1972, the seven-man organization ran the heroin trade in Ha ...

* Council of Federated Organizations * Coushatta massacre * ''Cover'' (film) *

Crack epidemic The crack epidemic was a surge of crack cocaine use in major cities across the United States throughout the entirety of the 1980s and the early 1990s. This resulted in a number of social consequences, such as increasing crime and violence in Amer ...

*'' Creole Giselle'' *

Creole music The term Creole music (french: musique créole) is used to describe both the early folk or roots music traditions of rural Creoles of Louisiana. Examples One possible definition of Creole folk music is this: melodies, sometimes including dance-re ...

Creoles of color The Creoles of color are a historic ethnic group of Creole people that developed in the former French and Spanish colonies of Louisiana (especially in the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, and Northwestern Florida i.e. Pensacola, Flor ...

* Criminal black man *

Crips The Crips is an alliance of street gangs that is based in the coastal regions of Southern California. Founded in Los Angeles, California, in 1969, mainly by Raymond Washington and Stanley Williams, the Crips were initially a single alliance ...

*''

The Crisis ''The Crisis'' is the official magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). It was founded in 1910 by W. E. B. Du Bois (editor), Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Max Barber, Charles Edward Russell, Kelly Mi ...

'' *'' Crooklyn'' * ''Crossover'' (2006 film) * Crossroads Theatre *

Crunk Crunk is a subgenre of hip hop music that emerged in the early 1990s and gained mainstream success during the mid 2000s. Crunk is often up-tempo and one of Southern hip hop's more dance and club oriented subgenres. An archetypal crunk track fre ...

* Cultural mulatto *'' Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education'' * Cyrus Gates Farmstead

D

* D Underbelly *'' Daddy's Little Girls'' * Dancing for eels *''

Dangerous Minds ''Dangerous Minds'' is a 1995 American drama film directed by John N. Smith and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer. It is based on the autobiography ''My Posse Don't Do Homework'' by retired U.S. Marine LouAnne Johnson, who in 1989 to ...

'' * Daniel Payne College (Historical) * Dap greeting *'' Dark Girls'' *'' Darktown Revue'' *'' Darlings of Rhythm'' *'' A Daughter of the Congo'' *''

Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County ''Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County'' (Docket number: Civ. A. No. 1333; Case citation: 103 F. Supp. 337 (1952)) was one of the five cases combined into '' Brown v. Board of Education'', the famous case in which the U.S. Supreme ...

'' * Deacons for Defense and Justice *'' Death at an Early Age'' * ''Death at a Funeral'' (2010 film) * "Deep River" (song) *

Deep River Boys The Deep River Boys were an American gospel music group active from the mid-1930s and into the 1980s. The group performed spirituals, gospel, and R&B. Members The original group consisted of Harry Douglass ( baritone), Vernon Gardner (first t ...

*''

Def by Temptation ''Def by Temptation'' is a 1990 American horror film that was written, produced, and directed by James Bond III; and stars Cynthia Bond, Kadeem Hardison, Samuel L. Jackson, and Bill Nunn. The film takes place in New York City in 1990. Plot Th ...

'' *''

Def Jam's How to Be a Player ''Def Jam's How to Be a Player'' is a 1997 sex comedy film, starring Bill Bellamy, Natalie Desselle and Bernie Mac. The film was directed by Lionel C. Martin, and written by Mark Brown and Demetria Johnson. The '' How to Be a Player Soundtrack'' ...

'' * ''The Defiant Ones'' (film) *

Delaware State University Delaware State University (DSU or Del State) is a public historically black land-grant research university in Dover, Delaware. DSU also has two satellite campuses: one in Wilmington and one in Georgetown. The university encompasses four colle ...

*''

Deliver Us from Eva ''Deliver Us from Eva'' is a 2003 American romantic comedy film starring LL Cool J and Gabrielle Union, revolving around LL's character Ray being paid to date a troublesome young lady named Eva (Union). It is considered by many as a modern update ...

'' * Delta blues * Delta Ministry * Denmark Technical College * Denmark Vesey House * Department of African American Studies – Syracuse University * DePorres Club * ''Desdemona'' (play) *'' Dese Bones G'wine Rise Again'' *

Desegregation Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races. Desegregation is typically measured by the index of dissimilarity, allowing researchers to determine whether desegregation efforts are having impact o ...

Desegregation busing in the United States Race-integration busing in the United States (also known simply as busing, Integrated busing or by its critics as forced busing) was the practice of assigning and transporting students to schools within or outside their local school districts in ...

** Desegregation in the United States Marine Corps *Detroit Hair Wars * Detroit JazzStage * ''Diary of a Mad Black Woman'' (film) *

Dillard University Dillard University is a private, historically black university in New Orleans, Louisiana. Founded in 1930 and incorporating earlier institutions founded as early as 1869 after the American Civil War, it is affiliated with the United Church of C ...

* Directive 5120.36 *'' Dirty Gertie from Harlem U.S.A.'' * ''Dirty Laundry'' (2007 film) *'' Disappearing Acts'' *

Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era in the United States, especially in the Southern United States, was based on a series of laws, new constitutions, and practices in the South that were deliberately used to prevent black citizens from ...

University of the District of Columbia The University of the District of Columbia (UDC) is a public historically black land-grant university in Washington, D.C. It was established in 1851 and is the only public university in the city. UDC is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall ...

District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act An Act for the Release of certain Persons held to Service or Labor in the District of Columbia, 37th Cong., Sess. 2, ch. 54, , known colloquially as the District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act or simply Compensated Emancipation Act, w ...

Dixieland Dixieland jazz, also referred to as traditional jazz, hot jazz, or simply Dixieland, is a style of jazz based on the music that developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century. The 1917 recordings by the Original Dixieland Jass Band ...

* Dobyville *

Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement The Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement (DRUM) was an organization of African-American workers formed in May 1968 in the Chrysler Corporation's Dodge Main assembly plant in Detroit, Michigan. History Detroit labor activist Martin Glaberman est ...

*''

Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood ''Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood'' (or simply ''Don't Be a Menace'') is a 1996 American black comedy film directed by Paris Barclay in his feature film directorial debut, and produced by Keenen Ivory Way ...

'' *

Do-rag A durag ( alternate spellings) is a close-fitting cloth tied around the top of the head to protect the hair; similarly a wave cap is a close-fitting cap for the same purpose. Durags may be worn to accelerate the development of long curly/kink ...

Double consciousness Double consciousness is the internal conflict experienced by subordinated or colonized groups in an oppressive society. The term and the idea were first published in W. E. B. Du Bois's autoethnographic work, '' The Souls of Black Folk'' in 190 ...

Double Dutch (jump rope) Double Dutch is a game in which two long jump ropes turning in opposite directions are jumped by one or more players jumping simultaneously. It is believed to have originated among Dutch immigrants in New York City, although it has been a popular ...

* Double-duty dollar *'' Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female'' * Douglass Place *

Dozens (game) The Dozens is a game played between two contestants in which the participants insult each other until one of them gives up. Common in African-American communities, the Dozens is almost exclusively played in front of an audience, who encourage the ...

Dreadlocks Dreadlocks, also known as locs or dreads, are rope-like strands of hair formed by locking or braiding hair. Origins Some of the earliest depictions of dreadlocks date back as far as 1600–1500 BCE in the Minoan Civilization, one of Europe ...

* ''Dreamgirls'' (film) *''

Dred Scott v. Sandford ''Dred Scott v. Sandford'', 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857), was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that held the U.S. Constitution did not extend American citizenship to people of black African descent, enslaved or free; th ...

'' * Dr. Robert Walter Johnson House and Tennis Court * ''Drum'' (1976 film) * ''Drumline'' (film) *'' Drums and Shadows'' *''

The Duke Is Tops ''The Duke Is Tops'' is a 1938 United States, American musical film released by Million Dollar Productions and directed by William Nolte. The film was later released in 1943 under the title ''The Bronze Venus''. It features top-billed Lena Horne i ...

'' * ''The Dungeon'' (1922 film) *

Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill The Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill (1918) was first introduced in the 65th United States Congress by Representative Leonidas C. Dyer, a Republican from St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States House of Representatives as H.R. 11279 in order “to prot ...

*''

Dysfunktional Family ''Dysfunktional Family'' is an American documentary and stand-up comedy film written, produced and starring comedian Eddie Griffin, and directed by George Gallo. It was released to theaters by Miramax Films on April 4, 2003 and stayed in theaters ...

E

East Coast hip hop East Coast hip hop is a regional subgenre of hip hop music that originated in New York City during the 1970s. Hip hop is recognized to have originated and evolved first in the Bronx, New York City. In contrast to other styles, East Coast hip ...

East Oakland, Oakland, California East Oakland is a geographical region of Oakland, California, United States, that stretches between Lake Merritt in the northwest and San Leandro in the southeast. As the southeastern portion of the city, East Oakland takes up the largest port ...

* Ebonics (word) * ''Ebony'' (magazine) *'' Edge of the City'' * Education in Harlem * Education outcomes in the United States by race and other classifications *

Edward Waters College Edward Waters University is a private Christian historically Black university in Jacksonville, Florida. It was founded in 1866 by members of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME Church) as a school to educate freedmen and their children. ...

Elaine Race Riot The Elaine massacre occurred on September 30–October 2, 1919 at Hoop Spur in the vicinity of Elaine in rural Phillips County, Arkansas. As many as several hundred African Americans and five white men were killed. Estimates of deaths made in ...

Elizabeth City State University Elizabeth City State University (ECSU) is a public historically black university in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. It enrolls nearly 2,500 students in 28 undergraduate programs and 4 graduate programs and is a member-school of the Thurgood Ma ...

* Emancipation Oak * Emancipation Proclamation * Emmett Till *

Emmett Till Antilynching Act The Emmett Till Antilynching Act is a landmark United States federal law which makes lynching a federal hate crime. The act amends the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act and prior hate crime laws to define lynching a ...

*''

Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance ''The Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance'' (Facts On File Publishing and ) by Sandra L. West and Aberjhani, is a 2003 encyclopedia of the lives, events, and culture of the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s to 1940s. An ebook edition was publi ...

'' *(List of) Enslaved people of Mount Vernon * Equal Suffrage League (Brooklyn, New York) *'' The Ernest Green Story'' * ''Essence'' magazine * Ethiopian Regiment * "Every Time I Feel the Spirit" (song) *''

Eve's Bayou ''Eve's Bayou'' is a 1997 American Southern Gothic drama film written and directed by Kasi Lemmons, who made her directorial debut with this film. Samuel L. Jackson served as a producer, and starred in the film with Lisa Nicole Carson, Jurnee Smo ...

'' *

Executive Order 8802 Executive Order 8802 was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1941, to prohibit ethnic or racial discrimination in the nation's defense industry. It also set up the Fair Employment Practice Committee. It was the first federal ac ...

Executive Order 9981 Executive Order 9981 was issued on July 26, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman. This executive order abolished discrimination "on the basis of race, color, religion or national origin" in the United States Armed Forces, and led to the re-integra ...

Executive Order 11063 Executive Order 11063 was signed by President John F. Kennedy on November 20, 1962. This Order "prohibits discrimination in the sale, leasing, rental, or other disposition of properties and facilities owned or operated by the federal government or ...

* ''The Exile'' (1931 film) * Exodus of 1879 *

Exodusters Exodusters was a name given to African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late nineteenth century, as part of the Exoduster Movement or Exodus of 1879. It was the first general migration of black pe ...

*'' Expelled Because of Color'' * Ex-slave repatriation * Extra Mile Education Foundation *'' Eyes on the Prize''

F

* ''The Fab Five'' (film) * Fair Employment Practices Commission * ''Fair Game'' (2005 film) *''

Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids ''Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids'' is an American animated television series created, produced, and hosted (in live action bookends) by comedian Bill Cosby, who also lent his voice to a number of characters, including Fat Albert and himself. Film ...

'' *'' Faubourg Treme: The Untold Story of Black New Orleans'' *

Fayetteville State University Fayetteville State University (FSU) is a public historically black university in Fayetteville, North Carolina. It is part of the University of North Carolina System and the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. History The second oldest state suppo ...

* Federal Council of Negro Affairs *

Federation of Black Cowboys The New York City Federation of Black Cowboys (FBC) is an organization dedicated to horsemanship training, children's education, and keeping alive the traditions of African-American cowboys from the Old West. It is located in The Hole, New York, T ...

*''

Fela! ''Fela!'' is a jukebox musical with a book by Bill T. Jones and Jim Lewis, based on music and lyrics by the late Nigerian singer Fela Kuti, with additional music by Aaron Johnson and Jordan McLean and additional lyrics by Jim Lewis. It is base ...

'' * Festival Sundiata *

Field holler The field holler or field call is mostly a historical type of vocal work song sung by field slaves in the United States (and later by African American forced laborers accused of violating vagrancy laws) to accompany their tasked work, to commun ...

* Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution *''

The Fighting Temptations ''The Fighting Temptations'' is a 2003 American musical comedy film directed by Jonathan Lynn, written by Elizabeth Hunter and Saladin K. Patterson, and distributed by Paramount Pictures and MTV Films. The main plot revolves around Darrin Hill ( C ...

'' *'' Finding Me'' *'' Finding Me: Truth'' *'' The Fire Next Time'' *

First African Baptist Church (Savannah, Georgia) First African Baptist Church, located in Savannah, Georgia, claims to be derived from the first black Baptist congregation in North America. While it was not officially organized until 1788, it grew from members who founded a congregation in 17 ...

* First African Baptist Church (Lexington, Kentucky) * First African Baptist Church (Richmond, Virginia) * Fisk University *''

The Five Heartbeats ''The Five Heartbeats'' is a 1991 musical drama film directed by Robert Townsend, who co-wrote the script with Keenen Ivory Wayans. Produced and distributed by 20th Century Fox, the film's main cast includes Townsend, Michael Wright, Leon Robi ...

'' *''

Five on the Black Hand Side ''Five on the Black Hand Side'' is a 1973 African American comedy film based on the 1969 play of the same name by Charlie L. Russell. It was shot in Los Angeles, California. Leonard Jackson appeared as John Henry Brooks. He was cast in Steven ...

'' *'' Flight of the Red Tail'' * Florida A&M Hospital *

Florida A&M University Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU), commonly known as Florida A&M, is a public historically black land-grant university in Tallahassee, Florida. Founded in 1887, It is the third largest historically black university in the Un ...

* Florida Black Heritage Trail *

Florida Memorial University Florida Memorial University is a private historically black university in Miami Gardens, Florida. It is a member of the United Negro College Fund and historically related to Baptists although it claims a focus on broader Christianity. History ...

* Florida Slavery Memorial *

Fodder on My Wings ''Fodder on My Wings'' is an album by singer/pianist/songwriter Nina Simone. It is part of her later works, and can be regarded alongside ''Baltimore'' (1978) as one of her better achievements of that period. It is however a rather obscure album ...

Folklore Folklore is shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group. This includes oral traditions such as tales, legends, proverbs and jokes. They include material culture, ranging ...

* ''Foolish'' (film) *''

For Colored Girls ''For Colored Girls'' is a 2010 American drama film adapted from Ntozake Shange's 1975 original choreopoem ''for colored girls who have considered suicide / when the rainbow is enuf''. Written, directed and produced by Tyler Perry, the film featu ...

'' *'' Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream'' *''

For Love of Ivy ''For Love of Ivy'' is a 1968 romantic comedy film directed by Daniel Mann. The film stars Sidney Poitier, Abbey Lincoln, Beau Bridges, Nan Martin, Lauri Peters, and Carroll O'Connor. The story was written by Poitier with screenwriter Robert Alan ...

'' *'' For Us the Living: The Medgar Evers Story'' * Fort Gadsden * Fort Howell *

Fort Pillow massacre The Battle of Fort Pillow, also known as the Fort Pillow massacre, was fought on April 12, 1864, at Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River in Henning, Tennessee, during the American Civil War. The battle ended with a massacre of Union soldiers ...

* Fort Pocahontas * Fort Robert Smalls *

Fort Valley State University } Fort Valley State University (FVSU, formerly Fort Valley State College and Fort Valley Normal and Industrial School) is a public land-grant historically black university in Fort Valley, Georgia. It is part of the University System of Georgia and ...

Forty acres and a mule Forty acres and a mule was part of Special Field Orders No. 15, a wartime order proclaimed by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman on January 16, 1865, during the American Civil War, to allot land to some freed families, in plots of land no la ...

* Forty Acres and a Mule Filmworks * Fountain Hughes * Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution *

Four Eleven Forty Four "Four Eleven Forty-Four", or "4-11-44" is a phrase that has been used repeatedly in popular music and as a reference to numbers allegedly chosen by poor African Americans for the purpose of gambling on lotteries. It was a well-known phrase in t ...

* Freaknik *'' Frederick Douglass and the White Negro'' *

Frederick Douglass National Historic Site The Frederick Douglass National Historic Site, administered by the National Park Service, is located at 1411 W Street, SE, in Anacostia, a neighborhood east of the Anacostia River in Southeast Washington, D.C. United States. Established in 1988 ...

* Free African Society * Freedman *

Freedman's Savings Bank The Freedman's Saving and Trust Company, known as the Freedman's Savings Bank, was a private savings bank chartered by the U.S. Congress on March 3, 1865, to collect deposits from the newly emancipated communities. The bank opened 37 branches acr ...

* Freedmen (ethnic group) *

Freedmen's Aid Society The Freedmen's Aid Society was founded in 1859 during the American Civil War by the American Missionary Association (AMA), a group supported chiefly by the Congregational, Presbyterian and Methodist churches in the North. It organized a supply of t ...

Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island The Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island, also known as the Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony, or "Freedman's Colony", was founded in 1863 during the Civil War after Union Major General John G. Foster, Commander of the 18th Army Corps, captured the ...

* Freedmen's Bureau * (List of) freedmen's towns * Freedom Riders *

Freedom suits Freedom suits were lawsuits in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States filed by slaves against slaveholders to assert claims to freedom, often based on descent from a free maternal ancestor, or time held as a resident in a free state or ter ...

* Freedom Summer *''

Freedom Writers ''Freedom Writers'' is a 2007 American drama film written and directed by Richard LaGravenese and starring Hilary Swank, Scott Glenn, Imelda Staunton, Patrick Dempsey and Mario. It is based on the 1999 book '' The Freedom Writers Diary'' by te ...

'' *Free jazz *Freeman (Colonial) *Free negro *Free people of color *Freeport Doctrine *Free produce movement *Free Soil Party *Free-Stater (Kansas) *Friday (1995 film), ''Friday'' (1995 film) *''Friday After Next'' *''From Black Power to Hip Hop: Racism, Nationalism, and Feminism'' *''From Swastika to Jim Crow'' *Fudge Farm *Fugitive slave *Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 *Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 *Funeral Procession (painting), ''Funeral Procession'' (painting) *Funk *''The Future of the American Negro'' *''The Future of the Race''

G

*Gadsden State Community College *Gag rule *Gamble Plantation Historic State Park *''Gang of Roses'' *Gang system *Gangsta rap *Garveyism *Gas (2004 film), ''Gas'' (2004 film) *''Gebhart v. Belton'' *Geer Cemetery *Genius of Universal Emancipation *George Washington and slavery *Georgia Alliance of African American Attorneys *Get down *''Get on the Bus'' *''A Get2Gether'' *Ghetto fabulous *Ghetto tourism *Gibbs Junior College *Gillfield Baptist Church (Petersburg, Virginia) *''Giles v. Harris'' *''The Girl from Chicago'' *''The Girl in Room 20'' *Glory (1989 film), ''Glory'' (1989 film) *''Go Down, Death!'' *Goffe Street Special School for Colored Children *Go for Broke (2002 film), ''Go for Broke'' (2002 film) *''God's Step Children'' *Golden age hip hop *Golden Circle (proposed country) *''Golden Slippers'' *Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Building (disambiguation), Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Building *Golden Thirteen *Gold roll *Go Man Go (film), ''Go Man Go'' (film) *''A Good Day to Be Black and Sexy'' *''Good Deeds'' *''Good Fences'' *''Good Hair'' *''"Good Hair" and Other Dubious Distinctions'' *Good hair (phrase) *''Good Times'' *Gospel music *Go Tell It on the Mountain (novel), ''Go Tell It on the Mountain'' (novel) *Graffiti in the United States *Grambling State University *Grand Contraband Camp *''Greased Lightning'' *Great Migration (African American) *Great Plains Black History Museum *Greek Picnic *''Green v. County School Board of New Kent County'' *The Green Pastures (film), ''The Green Pastures'' (film) *The Greensboro Four *Greensboro sit-ins *''The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Folklore'' *''Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County'' *''Griggs v. Duke Power Co.'' *Grind (musical), ''Grind'' (musical) *Guadalupe College (Historical) *Guess Who (film), ''Guess Who'' (film) *''Guess Who's Coming to Dinner'' *A Guest of Honor (opera), ''A Guest of Honor'' (opera) *''Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson'' *''Guinn v. United States'' *Gullah *Gullah language *''The Gunsaulus Mystery''

H

*African American hair, Hair *''Hair Show'' *Haliwa-Saponi *Hallelujah! (film), ''Hallelujah!'' (film) *''Hallelujah, Baby!'' *Hamitic League of the World *Hampton Negro Conference *Hampton University *Hard bop *Hardwood (film), ''Hardwood'' (film) *''The Harimaya Bridge'' *Harlem Artists Guild *Harlem Globetrotters *The Harlem Globetrotters (film), ''The Harlem Globetrotters'' (film) *Harlem Renaissance *Harlem Riot of 1935 *Harlem Riot of 1943 *Harlem Riot of 1964 *Harlem Writers Guild *Harriet Tubman *Harriet Tubman National Historical Park *Harris-Stowe State University *1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game *Hate crime *Hate group *''Hav Plenty'' *''Having Our Say: The Delany Sisters' First 100 Years'' *''Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States'' *Heat Wave (1990 film), ''Heat Wave'' (1990 film) *''The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family'' *Henderson v. United States (1950), ''Henderson v. United States'' (1950) *''Henry Browne, Farmer'' *A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich (film), ''A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich'' (film) *''Hey, Hey, Hey, It's Fat Albert'' *Heyward Shepherd monument *''High Freakquency'' *High yellow *The Highwaymen (landscape artists) *Hinds Community College at Utica *Hip hop *Hip-hop dance *Hip hop movies *Hip hop music *Hip hop production *(African-American ) African American Historic Places, Historic Places *Historically black colleges and universities *History of African Americans in Atlanta *History of African Americans in Boston *History of African Americans in Chicago *History of African Americans in Dallas-Ft. Worth *History of African Americans in Detroit *History of African Americans in Houston *History of African Americans in Kansas *History of African Americans in Los Angeles *History of African Americans in Philadelphia *History of African Americans in San Antonio *History of African Americans in Texas *History of African Americans in Utah *History of Blacks in ice hockey *History of the Jews in the African diaspora *History of slavery in Alabama *History of slavery in California *History of slavery in Connecticut *History of slavery in Georgia (U.S. state) *History of slavery in Illinois *History of slavery in Indiana *History of slavery in Kentucky *History of slavery in Louisiana *History of slavery in Maryland *History of slavery in Massachusetts *History of slavery in New Jersey *History of slavery in New York *History of slavery in North Carolina *History of slavery in Texas *History of slavery in Virginia *Hi-top fade *Hitsville U.S.A. *Hokum *Hollywood Black Film Festival *''Hollywood Shuffle'' *''Home Girls'' *''The Homesteader'' *Homo hop *The Honeymooners (2005 film), ''The Honeymooners'' (2005 film) *Hood films *Hoodoo (folk magic) *''Hookers In Revolt'' *''The House Behind the Cedars'' *House dance *House Negro *House Party (film), ''House Part'' (film) **''House Party 2'' **''House Party 3'' **''House Party 4: Down to the Last Minute'' *Howard University *How I Spent My Summer Vacation (1997 film), ''How I Spent My Summer Vacation'' (1997 film) *House slave *''How Stella Got Her Groove Back'' *''Huckleberry Finn'' *Hully Gully *Human Rights (journal), ''Human Rights'' (journal) *''Hunter v. Erickson'' *Hush harbor *''Hustle & Flow'' *Huston–Tillotson University *Hurston-Wright Legacy Award

I

*I Can Do Bad All By Myself (film), ''I Can Do Bad All By Myself'' (film) *Idlewild, Michigan *''I Do... I Did!'' *Igbo American *Igbo people in the Atlantic slave trade *''I Got the Hook Up'' *''Imaging Blackness'' *''The Impending Crisis of the South'' *''I'm Through with White Girls (The Inevitable Undoing of Jay Brooks)'' *''Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl'' *Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African-American communities *Indian cavalry *Indian Rocks Dining Hall *In the Heat of the Night (film), ''In the Heat of the Night'' (film) *''In the Heights'' *''The Inkwell'' *''In Living Color'' *Institute Catholique *Institute of Responsible Citizenship *Institutional racism *Interdenominational Theological Center *International Association of Black Actuaries *International Federation of Black Prides *Interregional slave trade *''The Interruption of Everything'' *''Introducing Dorothy Dandridge'' *Invisible Churches (Slavery) *''Invisible Man'' *''I Shall Not Be Moved'' *''Isle of Canes'' *I Spy (1965 TV series), ''I Spy'' (1965 TV series) *''Is That Black Enough for You?!?'' *''It Ain't Nothin' But the Blues'' *I Will Follow (film), ''I Will Follow'' (film)

J

*Jack and Jill (organization) *Jackson State University *''Jailhouse Blues'' *Jarvis Christian College *''Jason's Lyric'' *Jayhawker *Jazz *Jazz (novel), ''Jazz'' (novel) *Jazz funeral *Jazz-funk *Jazz fusion *''Jazz Profiles'' *Jefferson–Hemings controversy *''The Jeffersons'' *''Jelly's Last Jam'' *Jerkin' *J. F. Drake State Technical College *Jheri curl *J-Setting *Jet (magazine), ''Jet'' (magazine) *''Jim Brown: All-American'' *Jim Crow (character) *Jim Crow economy *Jim Crow laws *(List of) List of Jim Crow law examples by State, Jim Crow law examples by State *''Jivin' in Be-Bop'' *John Brown's last speech *John Brown's Provisional Conwtitution *John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry *John Henry (folklore) *Johnny Bright Incident *Johnson C. Smith University *''Johnson Family Vacation'' *''The Josephine Baker Story'' *''Journal of African American History'' *''Journal of Black Psychology'' *''Journal of Black Studies'' *''Journal of Negro Education'' *''Journal of Negro History'' *''Journal of Pan African Studies'' *Judicial aspects of race in the United States *Juice (1992 film), ''Juice'' (1992 film) *Juke joint *Juke Joint (1947 film), ''Juke Joint'' (1947 film) *Julia (American TV series), ''Julia'' (American TV series) *Julian Scott Department Store *Jump blues *''Jump In!'' *''Jumping the Broom'' *Jumping the broom *Jump Jim Crow *Juneteenth *Juneteenth in Oregon *The Jungle (1967 film), ''The Jungle'' (1967 film) *''Just Above Midtown'' *''Just Wright'' *Justice for Victims of Lynching Act

K

*Kalunga Line *Kansas–Nebraska Act *Karamu House *Katherine Dunham Company *''Katzenbach v. McClung'' *Kelly Ingram Park *Kentucky in Africa *Kentucky State University *''Kevin Hart's Guide to Black History'' *''A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin'' *The KIDflix Film Fest of Bed-Stuy *King (TV miniseries), ''King'' (TV miniseries) *"Kingdom Coming" *King's Ransom (film), ''King's Ransom'' (film) *Kissing Case *Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press *Kittrell College (Historical) *Knights of the Clock *Knights of the Golden Circle *''Know Your History: Jesus Is Black; So Was Cleopatra'' *Knoxville College *Krumping *Kufi *Ku Klux Klan *Kwanzaa

L

*''Lady Sings the Blues (disambiguation), Lady Sings the Blues'' *Lady Sings the Blues (film), ''Lady Sings the Blues'' (film) *Lakeview, Illinois *''LaLee's Kin: The Legacy of Cotton'' *Lancaster County, Pennsylvania *Lane College *Langston Hughes Medal *Langston University *L.A. Rebellion *''The Last Angel of History'' *Latin jazz *Lawn jockey *Lawrence, Kansas *Lawson State Community College *League of Revolutionary Black Workers *League of Struggle for Negro Rights *Lean on Me (film), ''Lean on Me'' (film) *''The Learning Tree'' *Leavenworth Constitution *Lecompton Constitution *Legacy (2000 film), ''Legacy'' (2000 film) *Leland College (Historical) *Helen Lemme *LeMoyne-Owen College *LeRoy Battle *Let's Do It Again (1975 film), ''Let's Do It Again'' (1975 film) *''Letters to a Young Brother'' *Lewis College of Business *Liberia *The Liberator (anti-slavery newspaper), ''The Liberator'' (anti-slavery newspaper) *Liberty Party (United States, 1840) *''Life and Times of Frederick Douglass'' *''Life as a BlackMan'' *"Lift Every Voice and Sing" *Abraham Lincoln's Lyceum address *Abraham Lincoln's Peoria speech *Lincoln's Lost Speech *Lincoln–Douglas debates *Lincoln Motion Picture Company *Lincoln University of Missouri *Lincoln University of Pennsylvania *Linconia *Lindy hop *''Linewatch'' *The Links, Incorporated *Literacy tests *List of monuments to African Americans *Little Rock Nine *Livingstone College *''Livin' Large'' *Logan family (historical) *Walter P. Lomax Jr. *Long Look Estate *1992 Los Angeles riots *''Losing the Race'' *''The Lost Man'' *Louisiana African American Heritage Trail *Louisiana Creole French *Louisiana Voodoo *Louisiana v. United States (1965), ''Louisiana v. United States'' (1965) *Love (Toni Morrison novel), ''Love'' (Toni Morrison novel) *Love Chronicles (film), ''Love Chronicles'' (film) *Love Don't Cost a Thing (film), ''Love Don't Cost a Thing'' (film) *''Loving v. Virginia'' *''A Low Down Dirty Shame'' *''Lying Lips'' *Lynching *Lynching of John Henry James

M

*Maafa *''Maafa 21'' *Madame Rentz's Female Minstrels *Madea's Big Happy Family (film), ''Madea's Big Happy Family'' (film) *''Madea's Family Reunion'' *Magical Negro *Mahaffie House *Mahogany (film), ''Mahogany'' (film) *''The Making of Robert E. Lee'' *Malcolm X (1992 film), ''Malcolm X'' (film) *Mama, I Want to Sing! (film), ''Mama, I Want to Sing!'' (film) *Mammy archetype *''Manumission Intelligencier'' *Marais des Cygnes massacre *The March (1964 film), ''The March'' (1964 film) *March on Washington Movement *''Marching On!'' *''Marci X'' *Marijuana *''Marcus Garland'' *''Marcus Garvey: Look for me in the Whirlwind'' *Margaret Garner (opera), ''Margaret Garner'' (opera) *''Marian Anderson: the Lincoln Memorial Concert'' *Martin Luther King, Jr. Day *Mary Ann Shadd Cary House *Maryland Constitution of 1864 *''Mary Don't You Weep'' *University of Maryland Eastern Shore *Mississippi-in-Africa *Maryland State Colonization Society *Mason County, Kentucky slave pen *Mason–Dixon Line *USS Mason (DE-529), USS ''Mason'' (DE-529) *Massachusetts General Colored Association *Mass racial violence in the United States *M-Base *McComas Institute *''McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green'' *McDonogh Three *McGill family (Monrovia) *''McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents'' *M.Dia *Meat packing industry *Media Take Out *''Meeting David Wilson'' *Meet the Browns (film), ''Meet the Browns'' (film) *Meharry Medical College *Melungeon *Memphis (musical), ''Memphis'' (musical) *''Menace II Society'' *''Mendez v. Westminster'' *''A Mercy'' *''Mestiza Double Consciousness'' * Memorials to Martin Luther King *The Meteor Man (film), ''The Meteor Man'' (film) *Middle Passage *Midnight Ramble (film), ''Midnight Ramble'' (film) *Miles College *''Miles of Smiles, Years of Struggle'' *Military history of African Americans *Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War *Militia Act of 1862 *''Milliken v. Bradley'' *Million Man March *Millions More Movement *Minstrel show *Miscegenation *Misogyny in hip hop culture *Miss Ann *Miss Black America *Missing white woman syndrome *Mississippi Blues Trail *''Mississippi Burning'' *''Mississippi Damned'' *Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party *Mississippi Valley State University *Missouri Compromise *''Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada'' *Mister Charlie *Mitchelville *''Mo' Better Blues'' *MoCADA *Modal jazz *Mojo (African-American culture) *''Mo' Money'' *Monacan people *''Montage of a Dream Deferred'' *Montgomery bus boycott *Montgomery Improvement Association *''Moore v. Dempsey'' *Moorish Orthodox Church of America *Moorish Science Temple of America *Morehouse College *Morehouse School of Medicine *Morgan State University *Morris Brown College *Morris College *Mosaic Templars Cultural Center *Mother African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church *Motherland (2010 film), ''Motherland'' (2010 film) *Motown *Motown Productions *Motown Records *Moulin Rouge Hotel *Mount Auburn Cemetery (Baltimore, Maryland) *Mount Hermon Female Seminary (historical) *Mount Moor African-American Cemetery *Mount Oread *MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians *''MPG: Motion Picture Genocide'' *Mudsill theory *''Le Mulâtre'' *Mulatto *Mumbo Jumbo (novel), ''Mumbo Jumbo'' (novel) *Muncy Abolition Riot of 1842 *''Murder in Harlem'' *''The Murder of Fred Hampton'' *''Murray v. Pearson'' *(List of) List of museums focused on African Americans, Museums focused on African Americans *''Mutiny on the Amistad: The Saga of a Slave Revolt and Its Impact on American Abolition, Law, and Diplomacy'' *Mutual Black Network *''My Bondage and My Freedom'' *''My Nappy Roots: A Journey Through Black Hair-itage'' *''My Past Is My Own'' *Mytown (organization)

N

*NAACP Image Awards *NAACP in Kentucky *NAACP Theatre Awards *Nadir of American race relations *Nansemond *Nashville Convention *Nashville sit-ins *Nassau Plantation (Texas) *Nasty C *Nasty C discography *Natchez Museum of African American History and Culture *Nation of Islam *National Abolition Hall of Fame and Museum *National Action Network *National African American Archives and Museum *National African American Leadership Summit *National Afro-American Council *National Afro-American League *The National Alliance of Black School Educators *''National Anti-Slavery Standard'' *National Association for the Advancement of Colored People *''National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama'' *National Association of Black Accountants *The National Association of Blacks in Criminal Justice *National Association of Black Journalists *National Association for Black Veterans *National Association of Colored Women *National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. *National Black Antiwar Antidraft Union *National Black Caucus of State Legislators *National Black Chamber of Commerce *National Black Child Developmental Institute *National Black Family Reunion *National Black Farmers Association *National Black Feminist Organization *National Black Law Students Association *National Black MBA Association *National Black Network *National Black Nurses Association *National Black Police Association (United States) *National Black Republican Association *National Black United Front *National Black United Fund *National Brotherhood of Workers of America *National Center of Afro-American Artists *National Civil Rights Museum *National Coalition of 100 Black Women *National Coalition of Black Lesbians and Gays *National Colored Base Ball League *National Conference of Black Lawyers *National Council of Negro Women *National Equal Rights League *National Medical Association *The National Memorial for Peace and Justice *National Museum of African American History and Culture *National Museum of African American Music *National Negro Business League *National Negro Committee *National Negro Congress *National Negro Labor Council *National Organization of Black Women in Law Enforcement *National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers *National Pan-Hellenic Council *National Society of Black Engineers *National Urban League *National Youth Movement *National Welfare Rights Organization *''Native Son'' *Nat Turner's slave rebellion *Negro *Negro American League *''Negro Digest'' *Negro Factories Corporation *Negro Fort *Negro league baseball *''The Negro Motorist Green Book'' *Negro Mountain *Negro National League (1920–1931) *Negro National League (1933–1948) *''The Negro in the South'' *''The Negro Speaks of Rivers'' *''The Negro Star'' *''Negro World'' *African-American neighborhood, Neighborhoods *Neo-soul *The Network for Better Futures *New Communities *New England Anti-Slavery Society *New England Emigrant Aid Company *New Great Migration *''New Jack City'' *New jack swing *''New Jersey Drive'' *''The Negro Soldier'' *''The New Jim Crow'' *The New Negro *New Orleans African American Museum *New South *New-York Central College *New York Conspiracy of 1741 *New York Manumission Society *''Next Friday'' *Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center *Niagara Movement *Nigga *Nigger *Niggertown Marsh *''Night Catches Us'' *''Nixon v. Condon'' *''Nixon v. Herndon'' *Nkiru Center for Education and Culture *''No Crossover: The Trial of Allen Iverson'' *No Way Out (1950 film), ''No Way Out'' (1950 film) *''Noah's Arc: Jumping the Broom'' *''Nora's Hair Salon'' **''Nora's Hair Salon 2: A Cut Above'' *''Norbit'' *Norfolk State University *North Carolina A&T State University *North Carolina Central University *Northern Student Movement *''Norwood v. Harrison'' *''Nothin' 2 Lose'' *Notorious (2009 film), ''Notorious'' (2009 film) *''The Notorious Elinor Lee'' *Noyes Academy *The Nutty Professor (1996 film), ''The Nutty Professor'' (1996 film) **''Nutty Professor II: The Klumps''

O

*Oakville, Alabama *Oakwood University *Oberlin–Wellington Rescue *Ocoee massacre *Of One Blood (film), ''Of One Blood'' (film) *Olathe, Kansas *Old City Cemetery (Lynchburg, Virginia) *Old West Baltimore Historic District *''Ol' Man River'' *''Omaha Star'' *Omega Psi Phi *''Once Upon a Time...When We Were Colored'' *One-drop rule *''One More River to Cross'' *One People's Project *Oneida Institute *Opportunity (journal), ''Opportunity'' (journal) *Orangeburg massacre *The Organization (film), ''The Organization'' (film) *Organization of Afro-American Unity *Original 33 *Origins of the American Civil War *Origins of the blues *Origins of rock and roll *Ostend Manifesto *Othermother *Oui Be Negroes *''Our Nig'' *''Out-of-Sync'' *The Outsider (Wright novel), ''The Outsider'' (Wright novel)

P

*Pacific Movement of the Eastern World *The Pact (2008 film), ''The Pact'' (2008 film) *Paine College *Pan-African colors *Pan-African flag *Pan-Africanism *Pan-African Film Festival *Paper bag party *Paradise (Morrison novel), ''Paradise'' (Morrison novel) *Paradise Park, Florida *''Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1'' *''Paris Blues'' *''Partus sequitur ventrem'' *Passing (racial identity) *Passing Strange (musical), ''Passing Strange'' (musical) *''A Patch of Blue'' *Patting juba *''Paul Mooney: Analyzing White America'' *''Paul Robeson: Tribute to an Artist'' *Paul Quinn College *PeaceOUT World Homo Hop Festival *Pearl incident *Peculiar institution *Peg Leg Joe *Pennsylvania Abolition Society *Peoples Temple *''The Perfect Holiday'' *Perry race riot *Personal liberty laws *Person of color *Peters-Graham House *Petition of Free Negroes *''Phat Beach'' *Phemza The Kween *Philander Smith College *Philipsburg Proclamation *''Philosophia Africana'' *''Phylon'' *''Pick Up the Mic'' *A Piece of the Action (film), ''A Piece of the Action'' (film) *Piedmont Sanatorium *Pinkster *''Pioneers of African-American Cinema'' *Pipe Dreams (1976 film), ''Pipe Dreams'' (1976 film) *''Piscataway v. Taxman'' *Plantocracy *Playhouse Theatre (Seattle) *Political hip hop *Political views of Paul Robeson *Polly (1989 film), ''Polly'' (1989 film) *Pomo Afro Homos *''Porgy and Bess'' *Porgy and Bess (film), ''Porgy and Bess'' (film) *The Portal (community center) *Port Chicago disaster *Portrayal of black people in comics *Port Royal Experiment *Post-blackness *Post-bop *Post–Civil Rights Era African-American history *''Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome, Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome: America's Legacy of Enduring Injury and Healing'' *Pottawatomie massacre *Pottawatomie Rifles *Pound Cake speech *''Powell v. Alabama'' *Prairie Mission *Prairie View A&M University *Prayer kettle *Preacher's Kid (film), ''Preacher's Kid'' (film) *''The Preacher's Wife'' *Premium (film), ''Premium'' (film) *President's Committee on Civil Rights *Pressure Point (1962 film), ''Pressure Point'' (1982 film) *Pride (2007 film), ''Pride'' (2007 film) *''Princess Tam Tam'' *Progressive Black & Journalists (PB&J) *Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America *Project 21 *Project Brotherhood *Proslavery *Provisional Constitution (John Brown) *Pullman Company *Punks (film), ''Punks'' (film) *''Purlie'' *Purple drank

Q

*Quantrill's Raiders *The Quiet One (film), ''The Quiet One'' (film) *Quiet storm *Quindaro Townsite *The Quorum (coffee house), The Quorum

R

*''Race & Class'' *Race and crime in the United States *Race and ethnicity in the NBA *Race and ethnicity in the United States Census *Race movie *Race record *Racial integration *Racial Integrity Act of 1924 *Racial liberalism era *Racial segregation *Racial segregation in Atlanta *Racial segregation in the United States *Racial steering *:Racially motivated violence against African Americans *Racism in the United States *Raid at Combahee Ferry *Racism in the United States *A Rage in Harlem (film), ''A Rage in Harlem'' (film) *Ragtime *Ragtime (musical), ''Ragtime'' (musical) *Raid at Combahee Ferry *Rainbow Coalition (Fred Hampton) *Rainbow/PUSH *The Rainbow Sign *Raisin (musical), ''Raisin'' (musical) *''A Raisin in the Sun'' *A Raisin in the Sun (1961 film), ''A Raisin in the Sun'' (1961 film) *A Raisin in the Sun (2008 film), ''A Raisin in the Sun'' (2008 film) *Rapping *Rawdon Street Methodist Church *Ray (film), ''Ray'' (film) *''Rebecca's Revival'' *''Recitatif'' *Red Ball Express *Redbone (ethnicity) *Red Summer of 1919 *Red Tail Project *''Red Tail Reborn'' *Regional Council of Negro Leadership *Religion of Black Americans *Rent party *Reparations for slavery *Representation of African Americans in media *Representations of African Americans in movies *Republic of Maryland *Republic of New Afrika *''Research on the African-American Family'' *Resignation of Shirley Sherrod *Restrictive covenant *Reverse freedom rides *Reverse Underground Railroad *''Revolution '67'' *Revolutionary integrationism *Rhythm and blues *Ride (1998 film), ''Ride'' (1998 film) *Ride with the Devil (film), ''Ride with the Devil'' (film) *''The Rights of All'' *Right Place, Wrong Time (film), ''Right Place, Wrong Time'' (film) *Ring shout *River Road African American Museum *''Rivers Wash Over Me'' *Riverside School (Elkins, West Virginia) *Rize (film), ''Rize'' (film) *Roanoke Island *Roger Williams College (Historical) *''Roll Bounce'' *''Roots: The Saga of an American Family'' **Roots (1977 miniseries), ''Roots'' (1977 miniseries) **''Roots: The Next Generations'' **''Roots: The Gift'' *Rosenwald Schools *Rosewood massacre *''Rough Crossings'' *Roxbury Film Festival *''Rubyfruit Jungle'' *''Rufus Jones for President'' *Runaway slave *''Runyon v. McCrary'' *Rust College

S

*Sacking of Lawrence *Sagging (fashion) *Saint Paul's College, Virginia, Saint Paul's College *The Salon (film), ''The Salon'' (film) *Salsa Soul Sisters *Salute (2008 film), ''Salute'' (2008 film) *Sambo (racial term) *Sampling (music) *Samuel Osgood House *Sanankuya *''Sanford and Son'' *''Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company'' *Savannah State University *Scat singing *''School Daze'' *Scottsboro Boys *The Scottsboro Boys (musical), ''The Scottsboro Boys'' (musical) *S-Curl *Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture *Second Great Migration (African American) *Second line (parades) *''The Secret of Selling the Negro Market'' *Secret Six *Seddity *Segregated prom *Selma University *Separate Car Act *''Sepia Cinderella'' *Set de flo' *''Seventeen Again'' *Sexual slavery *Shaw University *Shelton State Community College *Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15 *''She's Gotta Have It'' * Shields Green *Shotgun house *''Show Boat'' *Show Boat (1929 film), ''Show Boat'' (1929 film) *Show Boat (1936 film), ''Show Boat'' (1936 film) *Show Boat (1951 film), ''Show Boat'' (1951 film) *Show Boat (novel), ''Show Boat'' (novel) *''Showtime at the Apollo'' *Showtime Steppers *Shuckin' and jivin' *''Shuffle Along'' *''Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham'' *Siege of Charleston Union order of battle *Sierra Leone Company *(List of) List of African-American singers, singers *Signifyin' *Signifying monkey *Silent Parade *Sit-in *''Sister Wife'' *Skirmish at Island Mound *''The Ski Trip'' *Slater Fund *1733 slave insurrection on St. John *1842 Slave Revolt in the Cherokee Nation *Slave breeding in the United States *''The Slave Community'' *Slave and free states *''The Slave's Friend'' *Slave health on American plantations *Slave insurance in the United States *Slave name *Slave narrative *Slave patrol *Slave Power *Slave rebellion *Slave Trade Act of 1794 *Slavery *''Slavery and the Making of America'' *''Slaveryinamerica'' *Slavery among Native Americans in the United States *Slavery during the American Civil War *Slavery in the colonial United States *Slavery in the United States *Slow drag (dance) *Slow jam *Smalls Paradise *''Smith v. Allwright'' *Smith's Fly Boys *Smooth jazz *Snap music *Snow Hill Site *''Snow on tha Bluff'' *Society for the Prevention of Calling Sleeping Car Porters "George" *''Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child'' *Songs of the Underground Railroad *Song of Solomon (novel), ''Song of Solomon'' (novel) *''Songs of My People'' *''A Son of Satan'' *Sons of Haiti *''Soul!'' *Soul food *Soul Food (film), ''Soul Food'' (film) *Soul jazz *Soul music *''Soul of the Game'' *''Soul Plane'' *''Soul Train'' *''Soundtrack for a Revolution'' *South Carolina State University *Southern Claims Commission *South Pacific (musical), ''South Pacific'' (musical) *Southern University at New Orleans *Southern University at Shreveport *Southern University and A&M College *Southwestern Christian College *''Space Jam'' *Sparkle (2012 film), ''Sparkle'' (2012 film) *''Speed-Dating'' *Spelman College *Spingarn Medal *''The Spirit Moves'' *Spiritual (music) *Spoken word *The Spook Who Sat by the Door (film), ''The Spook Who Sat by the Door'' (film) *The Spook Who Sat by the Door (novel), ''The Spook Who Sat by the Door'' (novel) *Stagger Lee (song), "Stagger Lee" (song) *''The Star of Ethiopia'' *State of the Black Union *St. Augustine's University *Stepping (African-American) *''Steppin: The Movie'' *Stereotypes of African Americans *Stick dance (African-American) *''Still I Rise: A Cartoon History of African Americans'' *Stillman College *St. Mary's Beneficial Society Hall (Upper Marlboro, Maryland) *''St. Mary's Honor Ctr. v. Hicks'' *''Stomp the Yard'' **''Stomp the Yard 2: Homecoming'' *Stono Rebellion *Storer College (Historical) *African American folktales, Storytelling *St. Philip's College (United States) *''Strange Fruit'' *''Strapped'' *Street Fight (film), ''Street Fight'' (film) *Stride piano *Strivers' Row *List of black superheroes, (List of black) superheroes *Student African American Brotherhood *Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee *''The Sugar Babies'' *''Sugar Chile Robinson, Billie Holiday, Count Basie and His Sextet'' *Sula (novel), ''Sula'' (novel) *Sundown town *Superspade *Supreme Team (gang) *''Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education'' *''Sweet Honey in the Rock: Raise Your Voice'' *Sweet sorghum *''Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song'' *''Swing!'' *"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" *Swing (jazz performance style) *Swing music

T

*''Take a Giant Step'' *Take This Hammer (film), ''Take This Hammer'' (film) *The talk (racism in the United States) *Talladega College *Tallahassee bus boycott *The Talented Tenth *''Talkin' Dirty After Dark'' *Tantiusques *Tap dance *Tar baby *Tar Baby (novel), ''Tar Baby'' (novel) *Tennessee State University *Texas College *Texas Slavery Project *Texas Southern University *''That's Black Entertainment'' *''Their Eyes Were Watching God'' **Their Eyes Were Watching God (film), ''Their Eyes Were Watching God'' (film) *''They Call Me MISTER Tibbs!'' *Thicker than Water (1999 film), ''Thicker than Water'' (1999 film) *''A Thin Line Between Love and Hate'' *Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution *This Christmas (2007 film), ''This Christmas'' (film) *''This Bridge Called My Back'' *This Is the Life (2008 film), ''This Is the Life'' (2008 film) *''Three Can Play That Game'' *Three-Fifths Compromise *Thurgood Marshall College Fund *Timeline of African-American history *Timeline of the civil rights movement *Timeline of racial tension in Omaha, Nebraska *''Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery'' *Tobacco marketing and African Americans *''Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680–1800'' *''Tongues Untied'' *Topeka Constitution *''To Sir, with Love'' *Tougaloo College *''Traci Townsend'' *''Tradition Is a Temple'' *Traditional black gospel *''Transition Magazine'' *Trash talk *''A Treatise on the Patriarchal, or Co-operative System of Society'' *Treatment of the enslaved in the United States *''Treemonisha'' *H. Councill Trenholm State Technical College, Trenholm State Technical College *Tresillo (rhythm) *Triple oppression *Trippin' (film), ''Trippin'' (film) *''Trois'' **''Trois 2: Pandora's Box'' **''Trois 3: The Escort'' *Tulsa race riot *''Tuskegee & Its People'' *Tuskegee Airmen *''The Tuskegee Airmen'' *Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site *Tuskegee University *Tutnese *Twelfth Street YMCA Building *''Twelve Years a Slave'' *Tyson (1995 film), ''Tyson'' (1995 film)

U

*''Uncle Jasper's Will'' *''Uncle Remus'' *Uncle Tom *''Uncle Tom's Cabin'' *Underground Railroad *United Negro College Fund *United Pentecostal Council of the Assemblies of God, Incorporated *United States National Slavery Museum *''United States v. The Amistad'' *''United States v. Cruikshank'' *United States Colored Troops *(List of) List of United States Colored Troops Civil War units, United States Colored Troops Civil War units *(List of) List of U.S. communities with African American majority populations, U.S. communities with African-American majority populations *(List of) List of U.S. counties with African American majority populations, U.S. counties with African American majority populations *(List of) List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations, U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations *United States v. Johnson (1968), ''United States v. Johnson'' (1968) *''United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education'' *Unity Day (Philadelphia) *Unity Fellowship Church Movement *Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League *''Up from Slavery'' *''Uptown Saturday Night'' *Uptown Theater (Philadelphia) *''Urban Bush Women'' *Urban contemporary music *Urban contemporary gospel *Urban fiction *The urbanization of blacks in America *US Organization *USS Kitty Hawk riot, USS ''Kitty Hawk'' riot *USS PC-1264, USS ''PC-1264''

V

*Vanguard Justice Society *''Veiled Aristocrats'' *List of black video game characters, (List of black) video game characters *''The Virgin of the Seminole'' *University of the Virgin Islands *Virginia State University *Virginia Union University *Virginia University of Lynchburg *''The Voice of the Negro'' *Voorhees College *Voter Education Project *Voting Rights Act *Voting rights in the United States *Vogue (dance)

W

*Wages of Sin (1929 film), ''Wages of Sin'' (1929 film) *''Waist Deep'' *''Waiting to Exhale'' *Walkaround *The Wanderer (slave ship), ''The Wanderer'' (slave ship) *''A Warm December'' *Fenwick Henri Watkins *''Watson v. Fort Worth Bank & Trust'' *Watts Riots *"The Weary Blues" *''Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins'' *We-Sorts *West Indian American *West Coast hip hop *West Oakland, Oakland, California *West Virginia State University *Western University (Kansas) (Historical) *Weyanoke, Virginia *What's Love Got to Do with It (1993 film), ''What's Love Got to Do with It'' (film) *When Men Betray (1929 film), ''When Men Betray'' (1929 film) *''The White Negro'' *Whiteface (performance) *White guilt *''Who's the Man?'' *''Who's Your Caddy?'' *''Why Did I Get Married Too?'' *''Why Did I Get Married?'' *Why Do Fools Fall in Love (film), ''Why Do Fools Fall in Love'' (film) *''Why I Hate Abercrombie and Fitch'' *''Why We Bang'' *Wigger *Wilberforce University *Wiley College *Wilfandel *William Lynch speech *''Williams v. Mississippi'' *William and Mary Hosmer House *William E. Harmon Foundation award for distinguished achievement among Negroes *Winks Panorama *Winston-Salem State University *With or Without You (2003 film), ''With or Without You'' (2003 film) *''The Wiz'' *The Wiz (film), ''The Wiz'' (film) *Wolf ticket (Russia), Wolf ticket *''A Woman Called Moses'' *Womanist theology *Women of Color Policy Network *Women's Political Council *Woo (film), ''Woo'' (film) *''The Wood'' *''Working With the Hands'' *Work song *Wyandotte Constitution

X

*Xavier University of Louisiana

Y

* Henry Clay Yerger *Youngblood (1978 film), ''Youngblood'' (1978 film) *Young Boys Inc. *''Young, Gifted and Black'' *"You've Got to Be Carefully Taught"

Z

*Zephaniah Kingsley *Zoodio *Zora Neale Hurston House *Zora Neale Hurston Museum of Fine Arts *Zouzou (film), ''Zouzou'' (film)

References

{{African American topics African American-related lists, Wikipedia indexes, African-American-related topics