1990 Nobel Prize winners
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File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on
Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...
, astrophysicist Carl Sagan states: "''That's here. That's home. That's us.''" ;
West Germany West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...
and
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
reunify;
Police The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and th ...
stand on-guard during the
Poll tax riots The poll tax riots were a series of riots in British towns and cities during protests against the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), introduced by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The largest pr ...
in the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
;
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...
under
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutio ...
invades
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...
, beginning the
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
; The
1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake The 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake occurred on Thursday, June 21, 1990 at in northern Iran. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.4 and a Mercalli Intensity of X (''Extreme''). Damage and casualties Widespread damage occurred to the northwest ...
kills between 35,000 - 50,000 people in
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
; The
Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most vers ...
is launched from the
Space Shuttle Discovery Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' ( Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-103) is one of the orbiters from NASA's Space Shuttle program and the third of five fully operational orbiters to be built. Its first mission, STS-41-D, flew from August 30 to S ...
., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 1990 FIFA World Cup rect 200 0 400 200 Human Genome Project rect 400 0 600 200 Pale Blue Dot rect 0 200 300 400
Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most vers ...
rect 300 200 600 400 German reunification rect 0 400 200 600
1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake The 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake occurred on Thursday, June 21, 1990 at in northern Iran. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.4 and a Mercalli Intensity of X (''Extreme''). Damage and casualties Widespread damage occurred to the northwest ...
rect 200 400 400 600
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait was an operation conducted by Iraq on 2 August 1990, whereby it invaded the neighboring State of Kuwait, consequently resulting in a seven-month-long Iraqi military occupation of the country. The invasion and Ira ...
rect 400 400 600 600
Poll tax riots The poll tax riots were a series of riots in British towns and cities during protests against the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), introduced by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The largest pr ...
Important events of 1990 include the Reunification of Germany and the unification of Yemen, the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project (finished in 2003), the launch of the
Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most vers ...
, the separation of
Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...
from South Africa, and the Baltic states declaring independence from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
amidst Perestroika.
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
's
communist regime A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state that is administered and governed by a communist party guided by Marxism–Leninism. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, the Cominte ...
collapses amidst increasing internal tensions and multiparty elections held within its constituent republics result in separatist governments being elected in most of the republics marking the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia. Also in this year began the crisis that would lead to the
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
in 1991 following the
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...
invasion and the largely internationally unrecognized annexation of
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...
. This annexation resulted in a crisis in the
Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The bod ...
involving the issue of the sovereignty of Kuwait and fears by Saudi Arabia over Iraqi aggression against their oil fields near Kuwait. This led to
Operation Desert Shield The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
being enacted with an international coalition of military forces being built up on the Kuwaiti-Saudi border with demands for Iraq to peacefully withdraw from Kuwait. Also in this year, Nelson Mandela was released from prison, and
Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the first female British prime ...
resigned as
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern ...
after more than 11 years. 1990 was an important year in the
Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
's early history. In the fall of 1990, Tim Berners-Lee created the first web server and the foundation for the
World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet. Documents and downloadable media are made available to the network through web ...
. Test operations began around December 20 and it was released outside CERN the following year. 1990 also saw the official decommissioning of the
ARPANET The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed control and one of the first networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical fou ...
, a forerunner of the Internet system and the introduction of the first content
web search engine A search engine is a software system designed to carry out web searches. They search the World Wide Web in a systematic way for particular information specified in a textual web search query. The search results are generally presented in a ...
, Archie, on September 10. September 14, 1990 saw the first case of successful somatic
gene therapy Gene therapy is a medical field which focuses on the genetic modification of cells to produce a therapeutic effect or the treatment of disease by repairing or reconstructing defective genetic material. The first attempt at modifying human DN ...
on a patient. Due to the early 1990s recession that began that year and uncertainty due to the collapse of the
socialist Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the ...
governments in
Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russia, whic ...
, birth rates in many countries stopped rising or fell steeply in 1990. In most western countries the Echo Boom peaked in 1990; fertility rates declined thereafter.


Events


January

*
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Poland becomes the first country in Eastern Europe to begin abolishing its state socialist economy. Poland also withdraws from the
Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist repub ...
. **
Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popul ...
begins its year as European Capital of Culture. ** The first Internet companies catering to commercial users,
PSINet PSINet, based in Northern Virginia, was one of the first commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) and was involved in the commercialization of the Internet until the company's bankruptcy in 2001 during the dot-com bubble and acquisition by Coge ...
and
EUnet EUnet was a very loose collaboration of individual European UNIX sites in the 1980s that evolved into the fully commercial entity EUnet International Ltd in 1996. It was sold to Qwest in 1998. EUnet played a decisive role in the adoption of TCP/IP ...
begin selling Internet access to commercial customers in the United States and Netherlands respectively. * January 3
United States invasion of Panama The United States invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Cause, lasted over a month between mid-December 1989 and late January 1990. It occurred during the administration of President George H. W. Bush and ten years after the Torrijos ...
: General
Manuel Noriega Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (; February 11, 1934 – May 29, 2017) was a Panamanian dictator, politician and military officer who was the ''de facto'' ruler of Panama from 1983 to 1989. An authoritarian ruler who amassed a personal f ...
is deposed as leader of
Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Co ...
and surrenders to the American forces. *
January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muha ...
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union at the end of ...
: In the Lithuania SSR, 300,000 demonstrate for independence. *
January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. * 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
19 – Most of the remaining 50,000
Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, '' hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diasp ...
are driven out of Baku in the Azerbaijan SSR during the Baku pogrom. * January 13Douglas Wilder becomes the first elected African American governor as he takes office in Richmond, Virginia. * January 15 ** The
National Assembly of Bulgaria The National Assembly ( bg, Народно събрание, Narodno sabranie) is the unicameral parliament and legislative body of the Republic of Bulgaria. The National Assembly was established in 1879 with the Tarnovo Constitution. Ordin ...
votes to end one party rule by the
Bulgarian Communist Party The Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP; bg, Българска Комунистическа Партия (БКП), Balgarska komunisticheska partiya (BKP)) was the founding and ruling party of the People's Republic of Bulgaria from 1946 until 198 ...
. ** Thousands storm the Stasi headquarters in East Berlin in an attempt to view their government records. ** Martin Luther King Day Crash – Telephone service in Atlanta, St. Louis, and Detroit, including 9-1-1 service, goes down for nine hours, due to an AT&T software bug. * January 20 ** Cold War:
Black January Black January ( az, Qara Yanvar), also known as Black Saturday or the January Massacre, was a violent crackdown on the civilian population of Baku on 19–20 January 1990, as part of a state of emergency during the dissolution of the Soviet Uni ...
– Soviet troops occupy Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, under the state of emergency decree issued by General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, and kill over 130 protesters who were demonstrating for independence. The
Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as Nakhichevan ASSR was an autonomous republic within the Azerbaijan SSR, itself a republic within the Soviet Union. It was formed on 16 March 1921 and became a part of the Az ...
declares its independence from the USSR. ** Clashes break out between Indian troops and Muslim separatists in Kashmir. ** The government of Haiti declares a state of emergency, under which it suspends civil liberties, imposes censorship, and arrests political opponents. The state of siege is lifted on January 29. * January 22
Robert Tappan Morris Robert Tappan Morris (born November 8, 1965) is an American computer scientist and entrepreneur. He is best known for creating the Morris worm in 1988, considered the first computer worm on the Internet. Morris was prosecuted for releasing the ...
is convicted of releasing the Morris worm. * January 25 **
Avianca Flight 52 Avianca Flight 052 was a regularly scheduled flight from Bogotá, Colombia, to New York City, United States, via Medellín, Colombia, that crashed on January 25, 1990, at 21:34 ( UTC−05:00). The Boeing 707 flying this route ran out of f ...
crashes into Cove Neck, Long Island, New York after a miscommunication between the flight crew and
JFK Airport John F. Kennedy International Airport (colloquially referred to as JFK Airport, Kennedy Airport, New York-JFK, or simply JFK) is the main international airport serving New York City. The airport is the busiest of the seven airports in the New ...
officials, killing 73 people on board. **
Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Pa ...
Benazir Bhutto gives birth to a girl, becoming the first modern head of government to bear a child while in office. **
Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...
begins an eight-day tour of Cape Verde,
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau ( ; pt, Guiné-Bissau; ff, italic=no, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮, Gine-Bisaawo, script=Adlm; Mandinka: ''Gine-Bisawo''), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau ( pt, República da Guiné-Bissau, links=no ), ...
,
Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mal ...
,
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso (, ; , ff, 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮, italic=no) is a landlocked country in West Africa with an area of , bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to ...
, and Chad. * January 2526 – The Burns' Day storm kills 97 in northwestern Europe. * January 27 – The city of
Tiraspol Tiraspol or Tirișpolea ( ro, Tiraspol, Moldovan Cyrillic: Тираспол, ; russian: Тира́споль, ; uk, Тирасполь, Tyraspol') is the capital of Transnistria (''de facto''), a breakaway state of Moldova, where it is the th ...
in the
Moldavian SSR The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic ( ro, Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Moldovan Cyrillic: ) was one of the 15  republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991. The republic was formed on 2 August 194 ...
briefly declares independence. *
January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
– Four months after their exit from power, the
Polish United Workers' Party The Polish United Workers' Party ( pl, Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza; ), commonly abbreviated to PZPR, was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989. The PZPR had led two other lega ...
votes to dissolve and reorganize as the
Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (SdRP) ( pl, Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, SdRP) was a social-democratic political party in Poland created in 1990, shortly after the Revolutions of 1989. The party was the main party of ...
. *
January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, rul ...
** The trial of Joseph Hazelwood, former skipper of the ''
Exxon Valdez ''Oriental Nicety'', formerly ''Exxon Valdez'', ''Exxon Mediterranean'', ''SeaRiver Mediterranean'', ''S/R Mediterranean'', ''Mediterranean'', and ''Dong Fang Ocean'', was an oil tanker that gained notoriety after running aground in Prince Wi ...
'', begins in Anchorage, Alaska. He is accused of negligence that resulted in America's second worst oil spill to date. *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. *1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
**
Globalization Globalization, or globalisation (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English; American and British English spelling differences#-ise, -ize (-isation, -ization), see spelling differences), is the process of foreign relation ...
– The first
McDonald's McDonald's Corporation is an American multinational fast food chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hambur ...
in Moscow,
Russian SFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
opens 8 months after construction began on May 3, 1989. 8 months later the first McDonald's in
Mainland China "Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. ...
is opened in
Shenzhen Shenzhen (; ; ; ), also historically known as Sham Chun, is a major sub-provincial city and one of the special economic zones of China. The city is located on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern province ...
. ** President of the United States George H. W. Bush gives his first
State of the Union address The State of the Union Address (sometimes abbreviated to SOTU) is an annual message delivered by the president of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress near the beginning of each calendar year on the current conditi ...
and proposes that the U.S. and the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
make deep cuts to their military forces in Europe.


February

* February/March – 100,000
Kashmiri Pandits The Kashmiri Pandits (also known as Kashmiri Brahmins) are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. They belong to the Pancha Gauda Brahmin group from the Kashmir Valley, a mountainous region ...
leave their homeland in Jammu and Kashmir's Valley after being targeted by Islamist extremists. * February – Smoking is banned on all cross-country flights in the United States. * February 2
Apartheid Apartheid (, especially South African English: , ; , "aparthood") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. Apartheid was ...
: F. W. de Klerk announces the unbanning of the
African National Congress The African National Congress (ANC) is a social-democratic political party in South Africa. A liberation movement known for its opposition to apartheid, it has governed the country since 1994, when the first post-apartheid election install ...
and promises to release Nelson Mandela. *
February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...
** The Communist Party of the Soviet Union votes to end its monopoly of power, clearing the way for multiparty elections. ** In the
Tajik SSR The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic,, ''Çumhuriji Şūraviji Sotsialistiji Toçikiston''; russian: Таджикская Советская Социалистическая Республика, ''Tadzhikskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Resp ...
, rioting breaks out against the settlement of
Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
refugees there. *
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. *1539 – The first recorded race is held ...
ADtranz low floor tram world's first completely
low-floor tram A low-floor tram is a tram that has no stairsteps between one or more entrances and part or all of the passenger cabin. The low-floor design improves the accessibility of the tram for the public, and also may provide larger windows and more airspac ...
introduced in Bremen. *
February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...
** President of South Africa F. W. de Klerk announces that Nelson Mandela will be released the next day. ** Las Cruces Bowling Alley massacre: 2 people walked into the 10 Pin Alley in
Las Cruces, New Mexico Las Cruces (; "the crosses") is the second-largest city in the U.S. state of New Mexico and the seat of Doña Ana County. As of the 2020 census the population was 111,385. Las Cruces is the largest city in both Doña Ana County and southern Ne ...
, (known then as the Las Cruces Bowl) and shot seven people, four of whom were killed. The case is currently unsolved. * February 11Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison, near
Cape Town Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second largest ...
, South Africa, after 27 years behind bars. *
February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...
– Representatives of
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
and the
Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist repub ...
meet in Ottawa for an "Open Skies" conference. The conference results in agreements about superpower troop levels in Europe and on German reunification. * February 13 ** German reunification: An agreement is reached for a two-stage plan to reunite Germany. ** Drexel Burnham Lambert files for bankruptcy protection,
Chapter 11 Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (Title 11 of the United States Code) permits reorganization under the bankruptcy laws of the United States. Such reorganization, known as Chapter 11 bankruptcy, is available to every business, wheth ...
. * February 14 – The Pale Blue Dot photograph of
Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...
is sent back from the ''
Voyager 1 ''Voyager 1'' is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin ''Voyager 2'', ''Voya ...
'' probe after completing its primary mission, from around 5.6 billion kilometers (3.5 billion mi) away. * February 15 ** The United Kingdom and
Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
restore diplomatic relations after 8 years. The UK had severed ties in response to Argentina's
invasion An invasion is a Offensive (military), military offensive in which large numbers of combatants of one geopolitics, geopolitical Legal entity, entity aggressively enter territory (country subdivision), territory owned by another such entity, gen ...
of the
Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands (; es, Islas Malvinas, link=no ) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about east of South America's southern Patagonian coast and about from Cape Dubouze ...
, a
British Dependent Territory The British Overseas Territories (BOTs), also known as the United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), are fourteen territories with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom. They are the last remnants of the former Bri ...
, in 1982. ** In Cartagena, Colombia, a summit is held between
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
George H. W. Bush,
President of Bolivia The president of Bolivia ( es, Presidente de Bolivia), officially known as the president of the Plurinational State of Bolivia ( es, Presidente del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is head of state and head of government of Bolivia and the ca ...
Jaime Paz Zamora Jaime Paz Zamora (born 15 April 1939) is a former Bolivian politician who served as the 60th president of Bolivia from 1989 to 1993. He also served as the 32nd vice president of Bolivia from October 1982 to December 1984 during the presidency ...
,
President of Colombia The president of Colombia ( es, Presidente de Colombia), officially known as the president of the Republic of Colombia ( es, Presidente de la República de Colombia) or president of the nation ( es, Presidente de la Nacion) is the head of stat ...
Virgilio Barco Vargas Virgilio Barco Vargas (17 September 1921 – 20 May 1997) was a Colombian politician and civil engineer who served as the 27th President of Colombia serving from 7 August 1986 to 7 August 1990. Early life Barco was born in Cúcuta in the Nort ...
, and
President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is th ...
Alan García Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru for two non-consecutive terms from 1985 to 1990 and from 2006 to 2011. He was the second leader of the Peruvian Apris ...
. The leaders pledge additional cooperation in fighting international drug trafficking. * February 25 – The
Sandinistas The Sandinista National Liberation Front ( es, Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) is a socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinistas () in both English and Spanish. The party is named after Augusto Cé ...
are defeated in the
Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the countr ...
n
elections An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold Public administration, public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative ...
, with
Violeta Chamorro Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro (; 18 October 1929) is a Nicaraguan politician who served as President of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1997. She was the first and, as of 2022, only woman to hold the position of president of Nicaragua. Born into ...
elected as the new president of Nicaragua (the first elected woman president in the Americas), replacing Daniel Ortega. * February 26 – The
USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
agrees to withdraw all 73,500 troops from
Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
by July,
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...
. * February 27Exxon ''Valdez'' oil spill: Exxon and its shipping company are indicted on 5 criminal counts. * February 28 – President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega announces a cease-fire with the U.S.-backed contras.


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
** A fire at the
Sheraton Hotel Sheraton Hotels and Resorts is an international semi-luxury hotel chain owned by Marriott International. As of June 30, 2020, Sheraton operates 446 hotels with 155,617 rooms globally, including locations in North America, Africa, Asia Pacific, Cen ...
in
Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the Capital city, capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, List of ...
, Egypt, kills 16 people. ** Steve Jackson Games is raided by the U.S. Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. ** The
Royal New Zealand Navy The Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN; mi, Te Taua Moana o Aotearoa, , Sea Warriors of New Zealand) is the maritime arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. The fleet currently consists of nine ships. The Navy had its origins in the Naval Defence Act ...
discontinues its daily
rum Rum is a liquor made by fermenting and then distilling sugarcane molasses or sugarcane juice. The distillate, a clear liquid, is usually aged in oak barrels. Rum is produced in nearly every sugar-producing region of the world, such as the Ph ...
ration. **
Luis Alberto Lacalle Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera, GCMG (; ''Lacalle'' locally or ; born 13 July 1941), is a Uruguayan politician and lawyer who served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995. Background His mother, María Hortensia de Herrera de Lacalle, ...
, a grandson of the late politician and diplomat
Luis Alberto de Herrera Luis Alberto de Herrera (Montevideo, 22 July 1873 – 8 April 1959) was a Uruguayan lawyer, diplomat, journalist and politician. Political and diplomatic roles A national leader of great importance during the first half of the 20th century, he l ...
, is sworn in as President of Uruguay. *
March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 & ...
– The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition, a group of six explorers from six nations, completes the first dog sled crossing of Antarctica. *
March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bou ...
– The
Nintendo World Championships The Nintendo World Championships (NWC) is a nationwide video game competition series, organized by Nintendo of America at no particular interval. The first Nintendo World Championships was in 1990, touring 29 American cities, being hosted in L ...
were held within the Fair Park's Automobile Building, kickstarting an almost year long gaming competition across 29 American cities. *
March 9 Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 &nda ...
** Police seal off Brixton in South London after another night of protests against the poll tax. ** Newfoundland Premier Clyde Wells confirms he will rescind Newfoundland's approval of the
Meech Lake Accord The Meech Lake Accord (french: Accord du lac Meech) was a series of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 Canadian provincial premiers. It was intended to persuade the gov ...
. *
March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...
Prosper Avril is ousted in a coup in Haiti, eighteen months after seizing power. *
March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union at the end of ...
: The
Lithuanian SSR The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lithuanian SSR; lt, Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika; russian: Литовская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Litovskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialistiche ...
declares independence from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
with the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania *
March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...
13 – The
March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak The March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak affected portions of the United States Great Plains and Midwest regions from Iowa to Texas from March 11 to March 13, 1990. The outbreak produced at least 64 tornadoes across the region, includ ...
produces 64 tornadoes across six US states, including four violent F4/ F5 tornadoes. The outbreak leaves 2 dead, 89 injured, and causes over $500 million in damages. * March 12 – Cold War: Soviet soldiers begin leaving Hungary under terms of an agreement to withdraw all Soviet troops by June 1. *
March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
– The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union approves changes to the Constitution of the Soviet Union to create a strong U.S.-style presidency. Mikhail Gorbachev is elected to a five-year term as the first-ever
President of the Soviet Union The president of the Soviet Union (russian: Президент Советского Союза, Prezident Sovetskogo Soyuza), officially the president of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (), abbreviated as president of the USSR (), was ...
on March 15. *
March 15 Events Pre-1600 *474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odo ...
**
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...
hangs British journalist Farzad Bazoft for spying. Daphne Parish, a British nurse, is sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment as an accomplice. ** Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first executive president of the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
. **
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union at the end of ...
: The
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
announces that Lithuania's declaration of independence is invalid. **
Fernando Collor de Mello Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello (; born 12 August 1949) is a Brazilian politician who served as the 32nd president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992, when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his impeachment trial by the Brazilian Senate. Collor ...
takes office as
President of Brazil The president of Brazil ( pt, Presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the ''President of the Republic'', is the head of state and head o ...
,
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
's first democratically elected president since
Jânio Quadros Jânio da Silva Quadros (; January 25, 1917 – February 16, 1992) was a Brazilian lawyer and Politics of Brazil, politician who served as the 22nd president of Brazil from January 31 to August 25, 1961, when he resigned from office. He als ...
in
1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 (K ...
. The next day, he announces a currency freeze and freezes large bank accounts for 18 months. *
March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...
** Twelve paintings and a
Shang dynasty The Shang dynasty (), also known as the Yin dynasty (), was a Chinese royal dynasty founded by Tang of Shang (Cheng Tang) that ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and ...
vase, collectively worth $100 to $300 million, are
stolen Stolen may refer to: * ''Stolen'' (2009 Australian film), a 2009 Australian film * ''Stolen'' (2009 American film), a 2009 American film * ''Stolen: The Baby Kahu Story'' (2010 film), a film based on the real life kidnapping of baby Kahu Durie ...
from the
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts, which houses significant examples of European, Asian, and American art. Its collection includes paintings, sculpture, tapestries, and decorative arts. It was found ...
in
Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
,
Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...
by two thieves posing as police officers. This is the largest
art theft Art theft, sometimes called artnapping, is the stealing of paintings, sculptures, or other forms of visual art from galleries, museums or other public and private locations. Stolen art is often resold or used by criminals as collateral t ...
in US history, and the paintings () have not been recovered. ** Cold War:
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
holds its first free elections. *
March 20 Events Pre-1600 * 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka. * 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. * 1600 – The Link ...
Ferdinand Marcos's widow,
Imelda Marcos Imelda Romualdez Marcos (; born Imelda Remedios Visitacion Trinidad Romualdez; July 2, 1929) is a Filipino politician who served as the First Lady of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, wielding significant political power during the dictato ...
, goes on trial for bribery, embezzlement, and racketeering. *
March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
– After 75 years of South African rule since
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
,
Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...
becomes independent. *
March 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. *1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate o ...
1990 Australian federal election Year 199 ( CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 '' Ab urbe condita''. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the ...
: Bob Hawke's
Labor Labour or labor may refer to: * Childbirth, the delivery of a baby * Labour (human activity), or work ** Manual labour, physical work ** Wage labour, a socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer ** Organized labour and the la ...
Government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is ...
is re-elected with a reduced majority, narrowly defeating the
Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...
/ National Coalition led by
Andrew Peacock Andrew Sharp Peacock (13 February 193916 April 2021) was an Australian politician and diplomat. He served as a cabinet minister and went on to become leader of the Liberal Party on two occasions (1983–1985 and 1989–1990), leading the pa ...
. * March 25 ** In New York City, a fire due to arson at an illegal social club called " Happy Land" kills 87. ** Archbishop of Canterbury
Robert Runcie Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie, Baron Runcie, (2 October 1921 – 11 July 2000) was an English Anglican bishop. He was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1980 to 1991, having previously been Bishop of St Albans. He travelled the world widely ...
announces his intention to retire at the end of the year. ** In the Hungarian parliamentary election, Hungary's first multiparty election since 1948, the
Hungarian Democratic Forum The Hungarian Democratic Forum ( hu, Magyar Demokrata Fórum, MDF) was a centre-right political party in Hungary. It had a Hungarian nationalist, national-conservative, Christian-democratic ideology. The party was represented continuously in the ...
wins the most seats. *
March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. *1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, ...
– The 62nd Academy Awards, hosted by
Billy Crystal William Edward Crystal (born March 14, 1948)On page 17 of his book ''700 Sundays'', Crystal displays his birth announcement, which gives his first two names as "William Edward", not "William Jacob" is an American actor, comedian, and filmmaker. ...
, are held at the
Dorothy Chandler Pavilion The Dorothy Chandler Pavilion is one of the halls in the Los Angeles Music Center, which is one of the largest performing arts centers in the United States. The Music Center's other halls include the Mark Taper Forum, Ahmanson Theatre, and Walt ...
in Los Angeles,
California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
, with ''
Driving Miss Daisy '' Driving Miss Daisy'' is a 1989 American comedy-drama film directed by Bruce Beresford and written by Alfred Uhry, based on his 1987 play of the same name. The film stars Jessica Tandy, Morgan Freeman, and Dan Aykroyd. Freeman reprised his ro ...
'' winning
Best Picture This is a list of categories of awards commonly awarded through organizations that bestow film awards, including those presented by various film, festivals, and people's awards. Best Actor/Best Actress *See Best Actor#Film awards, Best Actress#F ...
. *
March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– The United States begins broadcasting Radio y Televisión Martí to
Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
. *
March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
– U.S. President George H. W. Bush posthumously awards
Jesse Owens James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens (September 12, 1913March 31, 1980) was an American track and field athlete who won four gold medals at the 1936 Olympic Games. Owens specialized in the sprints and the long jump and was recognized in his lifet ...
the
Congressional Gold Medal The Congressional Gold Medal is an award bestowed by the United States Congress. It is Congress's highest expression of national appreciation for distinguished achievements and contributions by individuals or institutions. The congressional pract ...
. *
March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. *1282 &ndash ...
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union at the end of ...
: After its first free elections on March 18, the Estonian SSR declares the Soviet rule to have been illegal since 1940 and declares a transition period for full independence. * March 31 – " The Second Battle of Trafalgar": A massive anti- poll tax demonstration in
Trafalgar Square Trafalgar Square ( ) is a public square in the City of Westminster, Central London, laid out in the early 19th century around the area formerly known as Charing Cross. At its centre is a high column bearing a statue of Admiral Nelson comm ...
, London, turns into a riot; 471 people are injured, and 341 are arrested.


April

*
April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
** The
Community Charge The Community Charge, commonly known as the poll tax, was a system of taxation introduced by Margaret Thatcher's government in replacement of domestic rates in Scotland from 1989, prior to its introduction in England and Wales from 1990. It pr ...
(poll tax) takes effect in England and Wales amid widespread protests ** Strangeways Prison riot: The longest prison riot in Britain's history begins at
Strangeways Prison HM Prison Manchester is a Category A and B men's prison in Manchester, England, operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. It is still commonly referred to as Strangeways, which was its former official name derived from the area in which it is l ...
in
Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
, and continues for 3 weeks and 3 days, until
April 25 Events Pre-1600 *404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
. ** The 1990 United States Census begins. There are 248,709,873 residents in the U.S. *
April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. *13 ...
Robert Mapplethorpe's "The Perfect Moment" show of nude and homoerotic photographs opens at the
Cincinnati Cincinnati ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state line wit ...
Contemporary Arts Center The Contemporary Arts Center (CAC) is a contemporary art museum in Cincinnati, Ohio and one of the first contemporary art institutions in the United States. The CAC is a non-collecting museum that focuses on new developments in painting, sculptur ...
, in spite of accusations of indecency by
Citizens for Community Values Citizens for Community Values (CCV) is a lobbying organization focused upon implementing conservative Christian sexual morality in public policy. It operates primarily in the US state of Ohio and is the Family Policy Council (a Focus on the Fam ...
. *
April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
**
Iran–Contra affair The Iran–Contra affair ( fa, ماجرای ایران-کنترا, es, Caso Irán–Contra), often referred to as the Iran–Contra scandal, the McFarlane affair (in Iran), or simply Iran–Contra, was a political scandal in the United States ...
:
John Poindexter John Marlan Poindexter (born August 12, 1936) is a retired United States naval officer and Department of Defense official. He was Deputy National Security Advisor and National Security Advisor during the Reagan administration. He was convict ...
is found guilty of 5 charges for his part in the scandal; the convictions are later reversed on appeal. **'' Scandinavian Star'', a
Bahamas The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the West Indies in the North Atlantic. It takes up 97% of the Lucayan Archipelago's land area and is home to 88% of the ar ...
-registered ferry, catches fire en route from Norway to Denmark, leaving 158 dead. * April 8 ** In
Nepal Nepal (; ne, :ne:नेपाल, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in S ...
, Birendra of Nepal lifts a ban on political parties following violent protests. ** In the Greek legislative election, the conservative
New Democracy New Democracy, or the New Democratic Revolution, is a concept based on Mao Zedong's Bloc of Four Social Classes theory in post-revolutionary China which argued originally that democracy in China would take a path that was decisively distinc ...
wins the most seats in the Hellenic Parliament; its leader,
Konstantinos Mitsotakis Konstantinos Mitsotakis ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Μητσοτάκης, ; – 29 May 2017) was a Greek politician who was 7th Prime Minister of Greece from 1990 to 1993. He graduated in law and economics from the University of Athens. Hi ...
, becomes Prime Minister of Greece on April 11. ** In the
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yu ...
, the Socialist Republic of Slovenia holds Yugoslavia's first multiparty election since 1938. After the election, a center-right coalition led by
Lojze Peterle Alojz "Lojze" Peterle (born 5 July 1948) is a Slovenian politician. He is a member of New Slovenia, part of the European People's Party. He served as Prime Minister of Slovenia from 1990 to 1992, Leader of the Christian Democrats from the foun ...
forms Yugoslavia's first non-Communist government since
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which Nuclear weapon, nuclear weapons Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, have been used in combat. Events Below, ...
. *
April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...
Comet Austin, the brightest
comet A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to release gases, a process that is called outgassing. This produces a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena ...
visible from Earth since
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
, makes its closest approach to the
sun The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect ball of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core. The Sun radiates this energy mainly as light, ultraviolet, and infrared radi ...
. *
April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to ...
Lothar de Maizière Lothar de Maizière (; born 2 March 1940) is a German Christian Democratic politician. In 1990, he served as the only premier of the German Democratic Republic to be democratically elected freely and fairly by the people. He was also the last l ...
becomes prime minister of
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
, heading a conservative coalition that favors German reunification. * April 13Cold War: The
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
apologizes for the
Katyn massacre The Katyn massacre, "Katyń crime"; russian: link=yes, Катынская резня ''Katynskaya reznya'', "Katyn massacre", or russian: link=no, Катынский расстрел, ''Katynsky rasstrel'', "Katyn execution" was a series of m ...
. *
April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
– Junk bond financier
Michael Milken Michael Robert Milken (born July 4, 1946) is an American financier. He is known for his role in the development of the market for high-yield bonds ("junk bonds"), and his conviction and sentence following a guilty plea on felony charges for vio ...
pleaded guilty to fraud-related charges. He agreed to pay US$500 million in restitution and was sentenced on November 21 to 10 years in jail. *
April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 *1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. *1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
– 17-year-old Christopher Kerze goes missing in
Eagan, Minnesota Eagan ( ) is a city in Dakota County, Minnesota, Dakota County, Minnesota. It is south of Saint Paul, Minnesota, Saint Paul and lies on the south bank of the Minnesota River, upstream from the confluence with the Mississippi River. Eagan and the ...
. He remains missing . * April 21 – Japanese Yoshio Tani, M.Sc murders gold merchant Turkka Elovirta and businessman Juhani Komulainen in
Siuntio Siuntio (; sv, Sjundeå) is a municipality of Finland located in the Uusimaa region in the province of Southern Finland. Its neighboring municipalities are Ingå to the west, Kirkkonummi, to the east, Lohja to the north-west, and Vihti to the no ...
,
Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...
, having convinced them to buy a nonexistent 500 kilogram stash of
Nazi gold Nazi gold (german: Raubgold, "stolen gold") is gold possessed by Nazi Germany. Much of the focus of the discussion is about how much of this was transferred by Germany to overseas banks during World War II; the ruling Nazi party executed a policy o ...
. *
April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. *1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern h ...
**
Lebanon hostage crisis The Lebanon hostage crisis was the kidnapping in Lebanon of 104 foreign hostages between 1982 and 1992, when the Lebanese Civil War was at its height. The hostages were mostly Americans and Western Europeans, but 21 national origins were represen ...
: Lebanese kidnappers release American educator Robert Polhill, who had been held hostage since January 1987. ** Earth Day 20 is celebrated by millions worldwide. *
April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). *1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...
** Cold War: West Germany and
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
agree to merge currency and economies on July 1. **'' STS-31'': The
Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most vers ...
is launched aboard Space Shuttle ''Discovery''. **
President of Zaire President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese f ...
Mobutu Sese Seko lifts a 20-year ban on opposition parties. *
April 25 Events Pre-1600 *404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
Violeta Chamorro Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro (; 18 October 1929) is a Nicaraguan politician who served as President of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1997. She was the first and, as of 2022, only woman to hold the position of president of Nicaragua. Born into ...
is sworn in as
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...
of
Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the countr ...
, the first woman elected (February 25) in her own right as a head of state in the Americas. *
April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. *1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. * 1 ...
: A 7.0 earthquake shakes the Chinese province of
Qinghai Qinghai (; alternately romanized as Tsinghai, Ch'inghai), also known as Kokonor, is a landlocked province in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. It is the fourth largest province of China by area and has the third smallest po ...
leaving 126 dead. *
April 30 Events Pre-1600 *311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. *1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...
Lebanon hostage crisis The Lebanon hostage crisis was the kidnapping in Lebanon of 104 foreign hostages between 1982 and 1992, when the Lebanese Civil War was at its height. The hostages were mostly Americans and Western Europeans, but 21 national origins were represen ...
: Lebanese kidnappers release American educator Frank H. Reed, who had been held hostage since September
1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 **Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal enter ...
.


May

*
May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...
– The former
Episcopal Church in the Philippines The Episcopal Church in the Philippines (ECP; tl, Simbahang Episkopal sa Pilipinas; Ilocano: ''Simabaan nga Episkopal iti Filipinas'') is a province of the Anglican Communion comprising the country of the Philippines. It was established by the ...
(supervised by the
Episcopal Church of the United States of America The Episcopal Church, based in the United States with additional dioceses elsewhere, is a member church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine provinces. The presiding bishop of ...
) is granted full autonomy and raised to the state of an Autocephalous
Anglican province The Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion after the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Founded in 1867 in London, the communion has more than 85 million members within the Church of England and other ...
and renamed the Episcopal Church of the Philippines. *
May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. *1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
– In London, a man brandishing a knife robs a courier of
bearer bond A bearer bond is a bond or debt security issued by a business entity such as a corporation or a government. As a bearer instrument, it differs from the more common types of investment securities in that it is unregistered—no records are kept o ...
s worth £292 million (the second largest mugging to date). *
May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. *1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
4 – First talks between the government of South Africa and the
African National Congress The African National Congress (ANC) is a social-democratic political party in South Africa. A liberation movement known for its opposition to apartheid, it has governed the country since 1994, when the first post-apartheid election install ...
. *
May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union at the end of ...
: The Latvian SSR declares independence from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
. * May 8 **
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union at the end of ...
: The Estonian SSR restores the formal name of the country, the Republic of Estonia, as well as other national emblems ( the coat of arms, the flag and the anthem). **
Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (born 14 March 1949) was President of Costa Rica from 1990 to 1994. He was the presidential candidate of the Social Christian Unity Party for the national elections held in February 2010, but resigned his candida ...
assumes office as
President of Costa Rica The president of the Republic of Costa Rica is the head of state and head of government of Costa Rica. The president is currently elected in direct elections for a period of four years, which is not immediately renewable. Two vice presidents are ...
. *
May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. *1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– In South Korea, police battle anti-government protesters in
Seoul Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of ...
and two other cities. *
May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...
Jeanne Calment Jeanne Louise Calment (; 21 February 1875 – 4 August 1997) was a French supercentenarian and the oldest human whose age is documented, with a lifespan of 122 years and 164 days. Her longevity attracted media attention and medical studies ...
surpasses Augusta Holtz to become the oldest verified person ever. *
May 13 Events Pre-1600 *1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''. * 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...
** In the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
, gunmen kill two
United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the Aerial warfare, air military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part ...
airmen near Clark Air Base on the eve of talks between the Philippines and the United States over the future of American military bases in the Philippines. ** The Dinamo–Red Star riot took place at
Maksimir Stadium Maksimir Stadium ( hr, Stadion Maksimir, ) is a multi-use stadium in Zagreb, Croatia. It takes its name from the surrounding neighbourhood of Maksimir. The venue is primarily the home of Dinamo Zagreb, the top club of the country with 23 league ...
in
Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...
,
Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...
between the Bad Blue Boys (fans of
Dinamo Zagreb Građanski nogometni klub Dinamo Zagreb ( en, Dinamo Zagreb Citizens' Football Club, link=yes, italics=yes), commonly referred to as GNK Dinamo Zagreb or simply Dinamo Zagreb (), is a Croatian professional football club based in Zagreb. Dinamo ...
) and the
Delije Delije ( sr-cyr, Делије) is a name referring to the supporters of various sports clubs that compete under the Red Star Belgrade multi-sport club banner. The plural of the singular form ''delija'' (делија)—which in Serbian generall ...
(fans of
Red Star Belgrade Fudbalski klub Crvena zvezda ( sr-Cyrl, Фудбалски клуб Црвена звезда, lit=Red Star Football Club, ), commonly known as Red Star Belgrade in English-language media, is a Serbian professional football club based in Bel ...
). *
May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
**
Singing Revolution The Singing Revolution; lv, dziesmotā revolūcija; lt, dainuojanti revoliucija) was a series of events that led to the restoration of independence of the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union at the end of ...
: The pro-Soviet Intermovement attempts to take power in
Tallinn Tallinn () is the most populous and capital city of Estonia. Situated on a bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, Tallinn has a population of 437,811 (as of 2022) and administratively lies in the Harju '' ...
,
Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
, but are forced down by local Estonians. **''
Portrait of Dr. Gachet ''Portrait of Dr. Gachet'' is one of the most revered paintings by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh. It depicts Dr. Paul Gachet, a homeopathic doctor and artist with whom van Gogh resided following a spell in an asylum at Saint-Rémy-de-Prove ...
'' by
Vincent van Gogh Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2,100 artworks, inc ...
is sold for a record $82.5 million. *
May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. *1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
– The
World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of ...
removes homosexuality from its list of diseases. *
May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of ...
German reunification:
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
and West Germany sign a treaty to merge their economic and social systems, effective July 1. *
May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. *1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev. *1445 &nda ...
– The US and the USSR agree to end production of
chemical weapon A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans. According to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), this can be any chemical compound intended as a ...
s and to destroy most of their stockpiles of chemical weapons. *
May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
Cold War: The first post- Communist presidential and parliamentary elections are held in
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
. *
May 21 Events Pre-1600 * 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as ''Caesar'' to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy. * 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is captured by the Muslim Aghlabi ...
– In Kashmir, a Kashmiri Islamic leader is assassinated and Indian security forces open fire on mourners carrying his body, killing at least 47 people. *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 1 ...
** Cold War: The leaders of the
Yemen Arab Republic The Yemen Arab Republic (YAR; ar, الجمهورية العربية اليمنية '), also known simply as North Yemen or Yemen (Sanaʽa), was a country from 1962 to 1990 in the northwestern part of what is now Yemen.The United States extend ...
and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen announce the unification of their countries as the
Republic of Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the northeast and sha ...
. * May 27 ** In the Burmese general election,
Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
's first multiparty election in 30 years, the
National League for Democracy The National League for Democracy ( my, အမျိုးသား ဒီမိုကရေစီ အဖွဲ့ချုပ်, ; abbr. NLD; Burmese abbr. ဒီချုပ်) is a liberal democratic political party in Myanmar (Burma). It ...
led by
Aung San Suu Kyi Aung San Suu Kyi (; ; born 19 June 1945) is a Burmese politician, diplomat, author, and a 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as State Counsellor of Myanmar (equivalent to a prime minister) and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2 ...
wins in a landslide, but the
State Law and Order Restoration Council State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * '' State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our ...
nullifies the election results. ** In the Colombian presidential election,
César Gaviria César Augusto Gaviria Trujillo ( ; born 31 March 1947) is a Colombian economist and politician who served as the President of Colombia from 1990 to 1994, Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1994 to 2004 and National Di ...
is elected
President of Colombia The president of Colombia ( es, Presidente de Colombia), officially known as the president of the Republic of Colombia ( es, Presidente de la República de Colombia) or president of the nation ( es, Presidente de la Nacion) is the head of stat ...
; he takes office on August 7. *
May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
** Mikhail Gorbachev arrives in Ottawa for a 29-hour visit. **
Boris Yeltsin Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin ( rus, Борис Николаевич Ельцин, p=bɐˈrʲis nʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ˈjelʲtsɨn, a=Ru-Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin.ogg; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician wh ...
is elected as the first ever elected president of the
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
. ** European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) founded. * May 30George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev begin a four-day summit meeting in
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...


June

* June – Joanne Rowling gets the idea for Harry Potter while on a train from
Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
to London Euston railway station. She begins writing ''
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' is a 1997 fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling. The first novel in the ''Harry Potter'' series and Rowling's debut novel, it follows Harry Potter (character), Harry Potter, a youn ...
'' which will be completed in
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...
and published in
1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; '' Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of ...
. *
June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed k ...
** Cold War: U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev sign a
treaty A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal pe ...
to end
chemical weapon A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans. According to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), this can be any chemical compound intended as a ...
production and begin destroying their respective stocks. ** Members of the
Provisional Irish Republican Army The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reu ...
shoot and kill Major Michael Dillon-Lee and Private William Robert Davies of the
British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...
. Dillon-Lee is killed outside his home in Dortmund, Germany and Davies is killed at a railway station in Lichfield, England. * June 2 – The June 1990 Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak, Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak spawns 88 confirmed tornadoes in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, killing 12; 37 tornadoes occur in Indiana, eclipsing the previous record of 21 during the 1974 Super Outbreak, Super Outbreak of April 1974. * June 4 – Violence breaks out in the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, Kirghiz SSR between the majority Kyrgyz people and minority Uzbeks over the distribution of homestead land. * June 7 ** Metropolitan Alexy II of Moscow, Alexy of Leningrad is elected Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'. * June 8 ** The 1990 FIFA World Cup begins in Italy. This was the first broadcast of digital HDTV in history; Europe would not begin HDTV broadcasting en masse until 2004. ** Prime Minister of Israel Yitzhak Shamir ends 88 days with only an acting government by forming a coalition of right-wing and religious parties led by Shamir's Likud party. * June 8–June 9, 9 – In the 1990 Czechoslovak parliamentary election, Czechoslovakian parliamentary election,
Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
's first free election since 1946, the Civic Forum wins the most seats but fails to secure a majority. * June 9 – ''Mega Borg Oil Spill, Mega Borg'' oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico near Galveston, Texas. * June 10 ** Alberto Fujimori is elected
President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is th ...
; he takes office on July 28. ** First round of the 1990 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election, Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election sees the Bulgarian Socialist Party win a majority. The second round of voting is held June 17. * June 11 – Sri Lankan Civil War: The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 1990 massacre of Sri Lankan Police officers, massacre over 600 unarmed police officers in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, Eastern Province. * June 12 ** Cold War: The Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation formally Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, declares its sovereignty. ** In the 1990 Algerian local elections, Algerian local elections, Algeria's first multiparty election since 1962, the Islamic Salvation Front wins control of more than half of municipalities and 32 of Algeria's 48 provinces. * June 13 – Cold War – The destruction of the Berlin Wall by
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
officially starts, 7 months after it was opened the previous November. * June 13–June 15, 15 – June 1990 Mineriad: Clashes break out in Bucharest between supporters and opponents of the ruling National Salvation Front (Romania), National Salvation Front. * June 14 – 1990 Panay earthquake: An earthquake measuring struck Panay Island in the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
, killing 8 and injuring 41. * June 15 – Dublin Regulation on treatment of applications for right of asylum under European Union law agreed (comes into force
1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; '' Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of ...
). * June 17–June 30, 30 – Nelson Mandela tours North America, visiting 3 Canadian and 8 U.S. cities. * June 19 – The Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic holds its inaugural conference in Moscow. * June 21 – The 7.4 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake, Manjil–Rudbar earthquake affects northern
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''), killing 35,000–50,000, and injuring 60,000–105,000. * June 22 – Cold War: Checkpoint Charlie is dismantled. * June 23 – In Canada, the
Meech Lake Accord The Meech Lake Accord (french: Accord du lac Meech) was a series of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 Canadian provincial premiers. It was intended to persuade the gov ...
of 1987 dies after the Manitoba and Newfoundland legislatures fail to approve it ahead of the deadline. * June 24 – Kathleen Margaret Brown and Irene Templeton are ordained as priests in St Anne's Cathedral in Belfast, becoming the first female Anglicanism, Anglican priests in the United Kingdom.


July

* July 1German reunification:
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
and West Germany merge their economies, the West German Deutsche Mark becoming the official currency of the East also. The Inner German border (constructed
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which Nuclear weapon, nuclear weapons Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, have been used in combat. Events Below, ...
) also ceases to function. * July 2 ** 1990 Hajj stampede: A stampede in a pedestrian tunnel leading to Mecca kills 1,426. ** A U.S. District Court acquits
Imelda Marcos Imelda Romualdez Marcos (; born Imelda Remedios Visitacion Trinidad Romualdez; July 2, 1929) is a Filipino politician who served as the First Lady of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, wielding significant political power during the dictato ...
on racketeering and fraud charges. * July 5 – In Kenya, riots erupt against the Kenya African National Union's monopoly on power. * July 6 ** President of Bulgaria Petar Mladenov resigns over accusations that he ordered tanks to disperse anti-government protests in December 1989. ** Somali Democratic Republic, Somali President Siad Barre's bodyguards massacre anti-government demonstrators during a soccer match; 65 people are killed, more than 300 seriously injured. * July 7–July 8, 8 – In tennis, Martina Navratilova of the United States wins the 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles and Stefan Edberg of Sweden wins the 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles. * July 8 – 1990 FIFA World Cup Final (Association football): Germany national football team, West Germany defeats Argentina national football team, Argentina 1–0 to win the 1990 FIFA World Cup. * July 9–July 11, 11 – The 16th G7 summit is held in Houston, Texas. * July 11 – Terrorists blow up a passenger bus travelling from Kalbajar to Tartar District, Tartar in Azerbaijan. 14 people are killed, 35 wounded. * July 12 – ''Foster v British Gas plc'' decided in the European Court of Justice, a leading case on the definition of the "state" under European law. * July 13 – The Lenin Peak disaster occurs when an earthquake triggers an avalanche in the Pamir Mountains with the loss of 43 lives. * July 16 – 1990 Luzon earthquake: An earthquake measuring kills more than 2,400 in the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. * July 22 – First round of the 1990 Mongolian legislative election, Mongolian legislative election, the first multiparty ever held in Mongolian People's Republic, Mongolia; the Mongolian People's Party wins by a wide margin after the second round of voting on July 29. * July 25 ** George Carey, Bishop of Bath and Wells, is named as the new Archbishop of Canterbury in the Church of England. ** The Serb Democratic Party (Croatia) declares the sovereignty of the Serbs in
Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...
. ** Roseanne Barr infamously sings "The Star-Spangled Banner" extremely poorly, causing controversy. * July 26 – U.S. President George H. W. Bush signs the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Americans with Disabilities Act, designed to protect disabled Americans from discrimination. * July 27 ** The parliament building and a government television house in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago are stormed by the Jamaat al Muslimeen in a coup d'état attempt which lasts five days. Approximately 26 to 30 people are killed and several are wounded (including the prime minister, A. N. R. Robinson, who is shot in the leg). ** Cold War: Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Belarus declares its sovereignty, a key step toward independence from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
. * July 28 – Alberto Fujimori becomes president of Peru. * July 30 – British politician and former Member of Parliament Ian Gow is assassinated by a
Provisional Irish Republican Army The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reu ...
car bomb outside his home in England.


August

* August 1 ** The National Assembly of Bulgaria elects Zhelyu Zhelev as the first non-Communist President of Bulgaria in 40 years. ** RELCOM is created in the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
by combining several computer networks. Later in August, the Soviet Union got its first connection to the
Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
. * August 2 **
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
:
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...
Invasion of Kuwait, invades Kuwait, eventually leading to the
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
. ** The first ban of smoking in bars in the US (and possibly the world) is passed in San Luis Obispo, California. * August 6 **
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
: The United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...
in response to its invasion of
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...
. ** President of Pakistan Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismisses
Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Pa ...
Benazir Bhutto, accusing her of corruption and abuse of power. ** The South African government and ANC begin talks on ending Apartheid in South Africa. * August 7 ** U.S. President Bush orders U.S. combat planes and troops to Saudi Arabia to prevent a possible attack by Iraq. ** Prime Minister of India V. P. Singh announces plan to reserve 49% of civil service jobs for lower-Caste system in India, caste Hindus. The plan triggers riots, leaving at least 70 dead by September. * August 8 ** Iraq announces its formal annexation of Kuwait. ** The government of Peru announces an austerity plan that results in huge increases in the price of food and gasoline. The plan sets off days of rioting and a national strike on August 21. * August 10 ** Egypt, Syria, and 10 other Arab states vote to send military forces to Saudi Arabia to discourage an invasion from Iraq. ** A passenger bus, traveling along the route "Tbilisi-Agdam", is blown up; 20 people died and 30 were injured. The organizers of the crime were Armenians in Georgia, Armenians A. Avanesian and M. Tatevosian who were brought to criminal trial. * August 12 ** In South Africa, fighting breaks out between the Xhosa people and the Zulu people; more than 500 people are killed by the end of August. **"Sue (dinosaur), Sue", the best preserved ''Tyrannosaurus, Tyrannosaurus rex'' specimen ever found, is discovered near Faith, South Dakota by Sue Hendrickson. * August 19 – Leonard Bernstein conducts his final concert, ending with Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven), Symphony No. 7 performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra. * August 21 – Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone send Peacekeeping, peacekeepers to intervene in the First Liberian Civil War. * August 22 – U.S. President Bush calls up U.S. military reservists for service in the Persian Gulf Crisis. * August 23 –
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
and
West Germany West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...
announce they will unite on October 3. * August 24 ** The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian SSR declares its independence from the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
. ** Northern Ireland writer Brian Keenan (writer), Brian Keenan is released from Lebanon after being held hostage for nearly 5 years. ** Indonesian commercial television network SCTV (Indonesia), SCTV was established as the nation's third television station after RCTI, and also debuted as local television channel in Surabaya. During its earlier days, SCTV was the rival for RCTI, the first commercial television network. SCTV began broadcasting nationwide from Jakarta by
January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, rul ...
,
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...
. * August 26 – In Sofia, protesters set fire to the headquarters of the governing Bulgarian Socialist Party. * August 28 – The 1990 Plainfield tornado, Plainfield Tornado (F5 on the Fujita scale) strikes the towns of Plainfield, Illinois, Plainfield, Crest Hill, Illinois, Crest Hill, and Joliet, Illinois, killing 29 people (the strongest tornado to date to strike the Chicago metropolitan area).


September

* September 1–September 10, 10 –
Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...
visits Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda and Ivory Coast. * September 2 – Cold War: Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Transnistria declares its independence from the
Moldavian SSR The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic ( ro, Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Moldovan Cyrillic: ) was one of the 15  republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991. The republic was formed on 2 August 194 ...
; however, the declaration is not recognized by any government. * September 4 – Geoffrey Palmer (politician), Geoffrey Palmer resigns as Prime Minister of New Zealand and is replaced by Mike Moore (New Zealand politician), Mike Moore. * September 4–September 6, 6 – Premier of North Korea Yon Hyong-muk meets with President of South Korea Roh Tae-woo, the highest level contact between leaders of the two Koreas since
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which Nuclear weapon, nuclear weapons Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, have been used in combat. Events Below, ...
. * September 5 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Army soldiers Eastern University massacre, massacre 158 civilians. * September 6 – In Myanmar, the
State Law and Order Restoration Council State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * '' State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our ...
orders the arrest of
Aung San Suu Kyi Aung San Suu Kyi (; ; born 19 June 1945) is a Burmese politician, diplomat, author, and a 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as State Counsellor of Myanmar (equivalent to a prime minister) and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2 ...
and five other political dissidents. * September 9 ** U.S. President Bush and Soviet President Gorbachev meet in Helsinki to discuss the Persian Gulf crisis. ** First Liberian Civil War: Liberian president Samuel Doe is captured by rebel leader Prince Johnson and killed in a filmed execution. ** Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Army soldiers 1990 Batticaloa massacre, massacre 184 civilians in Batticaloa. * September 10 – The first Pizza Hut opens up in the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
. * September 11 **
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
: U.S. President George H. W. Bush delivers a nationally televised speech in which he threatens the use of force to remove Ba'athist Iraq, Iraqi soldiers from
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...
. ** First Pizza Hut opens in the People's Republic of China, nearly 3 years after the first KFC opened there in 1987. * September 12 ** Cold War: The two German states and the Allied Control Council, Four Powers sign the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany in Moscow, paving the way for German reunification. ** A judge in Australia orders the arrest of media tycoon Christopher Skase, former owner of the Seven Network, after he fails to give evidence in a liquidator's examination of failed shipbuilding company Lloyds Ships Holdings, an associate of Skase's Qintex Australia Ltd. * September 17 – In what is now regarded as a landmark event in regards to women in journalism, reporter Lisa Olson was Lisa Olson#Sexual harassment incident, sexually harassed by multiple New England Patriots players while trying to conduct a locker room interview. * September 18 ** The International Olympic Committee awards the 1996 Summer Olympics to Atlanta. **
Provisional Irish Republican Army The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reu ...
assassination attempt on the life of Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter Terry at his home near Stafford, England. Hit by at least 9 bullets, the former Governor of Gibraltar survives, as does his wife, Lady Betty Terry, who is also shot (most likely by accident). * September 24 – The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union grants Gorbachev special powers for 18 months to secure the Soviet Union's transition to a market economy. * September 27 – David Souter is confirmed to serve on the Supreme Court, replacing retiring Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., William Brennan. * September 29 ** Washington, D.C.'s Washington National Cathedral, National Cathedral is finished. ** The Tampere Hall, the largest concert and congress center in the Nordic countries, was inaugurated in Tampere,
Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...
. * September 29–September 30, 30 – The United Nations World Summit for Children draws more than 70 world leaders to United Nations Headquarters.


October

* October – Tim Berners-Lee begins his work on the
World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet. Documents and downloadable media are made available to the network through web ...
, 19 months after his seminal 1989 outline of what would become the Web concept. * October 1 – The rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front invades Rwanda from Uganda, marking the start of the Rwandan Civil War. *October 2 – According to The Civil Aviation of China, 1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions, two commercial planes collide on the runway at the Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (former), Baiyun Airport of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. The total death toll is 128; 53 people were wounded, 97 were rescued. * October 3 – Cold War:
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
and West Germany German reunification, reunify into a single Germany. * October 4 – Moro conflict: Rebel forces seize two military posts on the island of Mindanao,
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
before surrendering on October 6. * October 8 ** Israeli–Palestinian conflict: In Jerusalem, Israeli police kill 17 Palestinian people, Palestinians and wound over 100 near the Dome of the Rock mosque on the Temple Mount. **
Globalization Globalization, or globalisation (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English; American and British English spelling differences#-ise, -ize (-isation, -ization), see spelling differences), is the process of foreign relation ...
: The first
McDonald's McDonald's Corporation is an American multinational fast food chain, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They rechristened their business as a hambur ...
restaurant is opened in
Mainland China "Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. ...
in
Shenzhen Shenzhen (; ; ; ), also historically known as Sham Chun, is a major sub-provincial city and one of the special economic zones of China. The city is located on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern province ...
, near Hong Kong. Since 1979, Shenzhen has been a Special economic zone. * October 13 – Lebanese Civil War: Syrian military forces invade and occupy Mount Lebanon, ousting General Michel Aoun's government. This effectively consolidates Syria's 14 year occupation of Lebanese soil. * October 14 – Composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein dies of a heart attack at his home in New York City at the age of 72. * October 15 ** Cold War: Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen Cold War tensions and reform his nation. ** South Africa ends segregation of libraries, trains, buses, toilets, swimming pools, and other public facilities. * October 17 ** North Kalimantan Communist Party insurgents sign a peace agreement which formally ends 28 years of Sarawak Communist insurgency in Malaysia. ** A Financial service, major financial service of Russia, VTB Bank is founded in Russian Soviet Socialist Republic, Russia SSR, former part of
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
, as predecessor name was Vneshtorg Bank. * October 21 – The remains of the former Estonian head of state, Konstantin Päts, found in the Tver region in Russia, are brought to
Tallinn Tallinn () is the most populous and capital city of Estonia. Situated on a bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, Tallinn has a population of 437,811 (as of 2022) and administratively lies in the Harju '' ...
and buried at state expense in the Metsakalmistu cemetery. * October 22 – Nizhny Novgorod restores its official name from Gorky, Volga Federal District, Russia. * October 24 ** In the 1990 Pakistani general election, Pakistani general election, Prime Minister Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party loses power to a center-right coalition government led by the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad party. ** Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti reveals the existence of Operation Gladio, a clandestine North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, NATO "stay-behind" operation in
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
during the Cold War. * October 27 ** Cold War: The Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, Kirghiz SSR selects Askar Akayev as the republic's first President of Kyrgyzstan, president. ** The New Zealand National Party wins the 1990 New Zealand general election, New Zealand general election, and its leader, Jim Bolger, becomes prime minister. * October 29 – In Norway, the government headed by Prime Minister of Norway Jan P. Syse collapses. * October 30 – The first transatlantic fiber optic cable TAT-8 fails, causing a slowdown of Internet traffic between the United States and Europe.


November

* November – The earliest known portable digital camera sold in the United States ships. * November 7 – Mary Robinson defeats odds-on favorite Brian Lenihan Snr, Brian Lenihan to become the first female President of Ireland. * November 2 – British Satellite Broadcasting and Sky Television (1984–1990), Sky Television plc merge to form BSkyB as a result of massive losses. * November 3 – Gro Harlem Brundtland assumes office as Prime Minister of Norway. * November 5 – Rabbi Meir Kahane, founder of the far-right Kach and Kahane Chai, Kach movement, is shot dead after a speech at a New York City hotel. * November 6 – Nawaz Sharif is sworn in as the
Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Pa ...
. * November 7 ** Indian Prime Minister Singh resigns over losing a confidence vote in the Parliament of India, having lost the support of Hindus who want a Muslim mosque in Ayodhya torn down to build a Hindu temple. ** The 1990 October Revolution Parade, final military parade to mark the anniversary of the October Revolution, Great October Socialist Revolution takes place in the USSR. * November 9 ** A new constitution comes into effect in the Kingdom of Nepal, establishing multiparty democracy and constitutional monarchy; this is the culmination of the 1990 People's Movement. ** The Parliament of Singapore enacts the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act. * November 10 – Chandra Shekhar becomes Prime Minister of India as head of a minority government. * November 12 ** Akihito is enthroned as the 125th emperor of Japan following the death of Hirohito, his father on January 7, 1989. ** Tim Berners-Lee publishes a more formal proposal for the
World Wide Web The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet. Documents and downloadable media are made available to the network through web ...
. * November 13 ** The first known World Wide Web, web page is written. ** In New Zealand, David Gray kills 13 people in what will become known as the Aramoana massacre. * November 14 – Germany and Poland sign a German–Polish Border Treaty (1990), treaty confirming the border at the Oder–Neisse line. * November 15 **''STS-38'': Space Shuttle Atlantis, Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'' is launched on a classified U.S. military mission. ** President Bush signed new Clean Air Act (United States), Clean Air Act, focused on urban pollution and cancer-causing emissions from industrial sources. * November 17 – Soviet President Gorbachev proposes a radical restructuring of the Soviet government, including the creation of a Federal Council to be made up of the heads of the 15 Republics of the Soviet Union, Soviet republics. * November 19–November 21, 21 – The leaders of Canada, the United States, and 32 European states meet in Paris to formally mark the end of the Cold War. * November 20 – Andrei Chikatilo, one of the Soviet Union's most prolific serial killers, is arrested in Novocherkassk. * November 21 ** Charter of Paris for a New Europe signed. ** Agreement for decriminalization of homosexual acts between consenting adults in Queensland, Australia. ** The Super Nintendo Entertainment System was released in Japan. * November 22 –
Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the first female British prime ...
announces she will not contest the second ballot of the 1990 Conservative Party leadership election, leadership election for the Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party. * November 25 – Lech Wałęsa and Stanisław Tymiński win the first round of the 1990 Polish presidential election, first Polish presidential election. * November 27 – Women's suffrage is introduced in the last Swiss half-canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. * November 28 ** Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew resigns and is replaced by Goh Chok Tong. ** The first female
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern ...
,
Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the first female British prime ...
, resigns after 11 years and is replaced by John Major. * November 29 **
Gulf War The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
: The United Nations Security Council passes United Nations Security Council Resolution 678, UN Security Council Resolution 678, authorizing military intervention in
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...
if that state does not withdraw its forces from
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the nort ...
and free all foreign hostages by Tuesday, January 15,
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phi ...
. ** Prime Minister of Bulgaria Andrey Lukanov and his government of former communists resign under pressure from strikes and street protests.


December

* December 1 ** Channel Tunnel workers from the United Kingdom and France meet 40 metres beneath the English Channel seabed, establishing the first land connection between Great Britain and the mainland of Europe for around 8,000 years. ** President of Chad Hissène Habré is deposed by the Patriotic Salvation Movement and replaced as president by its leader Idriss Déby. * December 2 – The 1990 German federal election, German federal election (the first election held since German reunification) is won by Helmut Kohl, who becomes Chancellor of Germany. * December 3 ** 1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision: At Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Northwest Airlines Flight 1482 (a McDonnell Douglas DC-9) collides with Northwest Airlines Flight 299 (a Boeing 727) on the runway, killing 8 passengers and 4 crew members. ** Mary Robinson begins her term as President of Ireland, becoming the first female to hold this office. * December 6 **
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutio ...
releases a group of Western hostages he captured. ** President Hussain Muhammad Ershad of Bangladesh is forced to resign following massive protests; he is replaced by Shahabuddin Ahmed, who becomes interim president. * December 7 ** In Brussels, trade talks fail because of a dispute between the U.S. and the European Union over farm export subsidies. ** The National Assembly of Bulgaria elects Dimitar Iliev Popov as Prime Minister of Bulgaria. * December 9 ** Slobodan Milošević elected President of Republic of Serbia (1990–2006), Serbia in first round, 1990 Serbian general election, general elections won by his Socialist Party. ** Lech Wałęsa wins the 2nd round of Poland's 1990 Polish presidential election, first presidential election. * December 11 – Fall of communism in Albania: Ramiz Alia, leader of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, following massive demonstrations by students and workers, announces that a free national election will be held next spring of 1991 with political parties other than the Party of Labour of Albania, Party of Labour permitted; an opposition Democratic Party of Albania, Democratic Party is formed the following day. * December 11 A multi-vehicle traffic collision known as the 1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster occurs; 12 deaths and 42 were caused by this event * December 16 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide is Haitian general election, 1990–1991, elected president of Haiti, ending 3 decades of military rule. * December 20 ** Eduard Shevardnadze announces his resignation as Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union), Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs ** Tim Berners-Lee completes the test for the first webpage at CERN. * December 22 ** The first Constitution of Croatia, constitution of the Republic of Croatia is adopted. ** The Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia become independent, following the termination of their trusteeship. ** The Polish government-in-exile is dissolved in London after being in exile since 1939. * December 23 – In the 1990 Slovenian independence referendum, Slovenian independence referendum, 88.5% of the overall electorate (94.8% of votes), with the turnout of 93.3%, support independence of the country. * December 24 – Ramsewak Shankar is ousted as President of Suriname, President of Suriname by a military coup. * December 25 – Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, Russian aircraft carrier ''Admiral Kuznetsov'' is commissioned. * December 31 – Russian Garry Kasparov holds his title by winning the World Chess Championship match against his countryman Anatoly Karpov.


World population


Births


January

*
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
– Xavier Avery, American baseball player * January 2 – Karel Abraham, Czech motorcycle racer * January 4 ** Toni Kroos, German footballer ** Alberto Paloschi, Italian footballer * January 5 ** Leroy Fer, Dutch footballer ** Yang Yo-seob, Yoseob, Korean pop singer * January 6 ** Sandro Cortese, German motorcycle racer ** Abhinav Mukund, Indian cricketer ** Alex Teixeira, Brazilian footballer ** Natalie Palamides, American voice actress known for ''The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series), The Powerpuff Girls'' * January 7 ** Fernando Dente, Argentine actor, singer, dancer, theater director and TV presenter ** Elene Gedevanishvili, Georgian figure skater ** Gregor Schlierenzauer, Austrian ski jumper * January 8 ** Robin Olsen, Swedish footballer ** Xu Xin (table tennis), Xu Xin, Chinese table tennis player ** Scott Pye, Australian professional racing driver * January 9 ** Todor Skrimov, Bulgarian male volleyball player ** Melissa Ricks, Filipino-American actress ** Son Ji-hyun, South Korean actress and singer * January 10 ** Facundo Gambandé, Argentine actor and singer ** Tao Li, Singaporean Olympic swimmer ** Renan Buiatti, Brazilian volleyball player ** Arthur Kisenyi, Ugandan actor, singer and musician ** Aishwarya Rajesh, Indian actress ** Mirko Bortolotti, Italian racing driver *
January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muha ...
– Ryan Griffin (tight end), Ryan Griffin, American footballer *
January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. * 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
– Sergey Karjakin, Ukrainian chess player * January 13 – Liam Hemsworth, Australian actor * January 14 ** Grant Gustin, American actor and singer ** Áron Szilágyi, Hungarian fencer ** Mikee Lee, Filipino actor, model and host * January 15 ** Chris Warren (actor), Chris Warren, American actor ** Luke Willson, American football player * January 16 – Simon Porte Jacquemus, French fashion designer * January 17 – Tom Bosworth, British race walker * January 18 ** Nacho (footballer, born 1990), Nacho, Spanish footballer ** Gift Ngoepe, South African-born baseball player * January 21 ** George Finn, Georgian actor ** Kelly Rohrbach, American model and actress ** Jacob Smith (actor), Jacob Smith, American actor * January 22 ** Alizé Cornet, French tennis player ** Logic (rapper), Logic, American rapper, singer-songwriter, and record producer * January 23 – Artsem Mikhalenka, Belarusian singer * January 24 ** Mao Abe, Japanese singer-songwriter ** Ermin Bičakčić, Bosnian footballer * January 25 – Natalie Hall, Canadian actress * January 26 ** Rupan Bal, Canadian–Indian YouTuber, actor, director and comedian ** Kherington Payne, American dancer and actress ** Christopher Massey, American actor, comedian and rapper ** Peter Sagan, Slovakian road bicycle racer ** Sergio Pérez, Mexican racing driver * January 27 – Nicholas Bett, Kenyan track and field athlete (d. 2018) *
January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
– Luce (singer), Luce, French actress/singer *
January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, rul ...
– MacKenzie Porter, Canadian actress and singer * January 30 ** Eiza González, Mexican actress and singer ** Mitchell Starc, Australian cricketer ** Jake Thomas, American actor, voice actor and photographer *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. *1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
– Nate Augspurger, American rugby union player


February

* February 1 ** Laura Marling, British singer-songwriter ** Hersi Matmuja, Albanian singer * February 2 – Clara Alonso (actress), Clara Alonso, Argentine actress, singer, and television hostess * February 3 – Sean Kingston, American singer * February 4 ** Zach King, American videos maker ** Nairo Quintana, Colombian road bicycle racer ** Haruka Tomatsu, Japanese voice actress * February 5 ** Luis Cardona, Guatemalan football player ** Kim Ji-soo (singer, born 1990), Kim Ji-soo, South Korean singer ** Charlbi Dean, Charlbi Dean Kriek, South African actress and model (d. 2022) * February 6 – Jermaine Kearse, American football player *
February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...
** Anna Abreu, Finnish pop singer ** jacksepticeye, Irish YouTuber ** Dalilah Muhammad, American hurdler ** Steven Stamkos, Canadian ice hockey player * February 8 ** Yacine Brahimi, French-Algerian footballer ** Klay Thompson, American basketball player *
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. *1539 – The first recorded race is held ...
– Fyodor Smolov, Russian footballer *
February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...
– Sooyoung, Korean singer * February 11 ** Javier Aquino, Mexican footballer ** Q'orianka Kilcher, German-born American actress and activist *
February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...
– Robert Griffin III, American football player * February 13 ** Gyaincain Norbu, 11th Panchen Lama of Tibetan Buddhism according to some sources ** Kevin Strootman, Dutch footballer ** elrubiusOMG, Spanish YouTuber * February 14 – Brett Dier, Canadian actor * February 15 – Masashi Ebinuma, Japanese judoka * February 16 – The Weeknd, Canadian musician * February 17 – Bea Rose Santiago, Filipino model * February 18 ** Choi Soo-young, South Korean singer, actress, and songwriter ** Bryan Oviedo, Costa Rican footballer ** Park Shin-hye, South Korean actress * February 19 ** Ryad Boudebouz, French-Algerian footballer ** Saad Al Sheebi, Qatari footballer * February 20 – Ciro Immobile, Italian footballer * February 21 ** David Addy, Ghanaian footballer ** Mattias Tedenby, Swedish ice hockey player ** Flavio Aquilone, Italian voice actor * February 22 – Paige Lawrence, Canadian pair skater * February 25 ** Younès Belhanda, French-Moroccan footballer ** Ehsan Hajsafi, Iranian footballer * February 26 ** Jojo Mason, Canadian country music singer-songwriter ** José Melchor, Mexican professional footballer ** Tristan Tafel, Canadian freestyle skier * February 27 ** Lindsey Morgan, American actress ** Megan Young, Filipino-American actress, model, television host, and beauty contest title holder * February 28 ** Georgina Leonidas, British actress ** Anna Muzychuk, Ukrainian chess player


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
– Harry Eden, English actor * March 2 ** Lee Hong-gi, Korean singer ** Tiger Shroff, Indian actor *
March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 & ...
** Sebastian Gregory, Australian actor and musician ** Celina Ree, Danish singer * March 4 ** Andrea Bowen, American actress ** Draymond Green, American basketball player * March 5 – Marco Ureña, Costa Rican footballer * March 6 ** Derek Drouin, Canadian athlete ** Esti Ginzburg, Israeli model * March 7 ** Choi Jong-hoon, Korean singer ** Daniel Samonas, Canadian actor *
March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bou ...
** Rémy Cabella, French footballer ** Kristinia DeBarge, American singer-songwriter ** Petra Kvitová, Czech tennis player *
March 9 Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 &nda ...
** Daley Blind, Dutch footballer ** YG (rapper), YG, American rapper and actor *
March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...
– Ryan Nassib, American football quarterback *
March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...
– Reiley McClendon, American actor * March 12 ** Alessio Curcio, Italian professional football player ** Vanessa Pose, Venezuelan actress *
March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
** Emory Cohen, American actor ** Sasha Clements, Canadian actress * March 14 ** Joe Allen, Welsh footballer ** Thali García, Mexican actress ** Kolbeinn Sigþórsson, Icelandic footballer *
March 15 Events Pre-1600 *474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odo ...
– Lauren Barfield, American volleyball player * March 16 – Maps Maponyane, South African television presenter * March 17 – Hozier (musician), Hozier, Irish singer-songwriter *
March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...
** Michael J. Knowles, American conservative political commentator ** Luke Tarsitano, American actor *
March 20 Events Pre-1600 * 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka. * 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. * 1600 – The Link ...
** Stacy Martin, French actress ** Marcos Rojo, Argentine footballer *
March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...
** Nicolás Uriarte, Argentinian volleyball player ** Mandy Capristo, German singer-songwriter, dancer, and model * March 22 – Sophie Caldwell, American cross-country skier * March 23 ** Jaime Alguersuari, Spanish Formula One driver ** Princess Eugenie of York, British princess *
March 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. *1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate o ...
** Aljur Abrenica, Filipino actor, dancer, model and singer ** Keisha Castle-Hughes, Australian-born New Zealand actress ** Starlin Castro, Dominican baseball player ** Jonathan Jafari, American comedian and Internet personality * March 25 – Kiowa Gordon, American actor *
March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. *1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, ...
** Carly Chaikin, American actress ** Choi Woo-shik, South Korean actor ** Patrick Ekeng, Cameroonian footballer (d. 2016) ** Romain Saïss, French-Moroccan footballer ** Xiumin, South Korean singer and actor *
March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
**Kimbra, New Zealand singer and actress ** Nicolas Nkoulou, Cameroonian footballer **Ben Hunt (rugby league), Ben Hunt, Australian rugby league player *
March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
** Zoella, English YouTuber and vlogger ** Laura Harrier, American actress and model * March 29 – Timothy Chandler, German-American soccer player *
March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. *1282 &ndash ...
** Lee Gi-kwang, Korean singer ** Thomas Rhett, American singer and songwriter ** Matt Simpson (goalball), Matt Simpson, American goalball player ** Corey Cott, American actor and singer ** Cassie Scerbo, American actress, singer and dancer * March 31 ** Bang Yong-guk, South Korean rapper ** Lyra McKee, Northern Irish journalist (d. 2019) ** Tommy Smith (footballer, born 1990), Tommy Smith, English-New Zealand footballer


April

*
April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Ko ...
– Justin Hamilton (basketball, born 1990), Justin Hamilton, Croatian-American football player * April 2 ** Yevgeniya Kanayeva, Russian gymnast ** Miralem Pjanić, Bosnian footballer * April 3 ** Karim Ansarifard, Iranian footballer ** Madison Brengle, American tennis player ** Lovre Kalinić, Croatian footballer * April 4 ** Andreas Muñoz, Spanish actor * April 5 ** Kim Jung-hyun (actor, born 1990), Kim Jung-hyun, South Korean actor ** Haruma Miura, Japanese actor and singer (d. 2020) *
April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. *13 ...
– Charlie McDermott, American actor *
April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
** Nickel Ashmeade, Jamaican sprinter ** Sorana Cîrstea, Romanian tennis player * April 8 ** Freddie (singer), Freddie, Hungarian singer ** Kim Jong-hyun (singer), Kim Jong-hyun, South Korean singer (d. 2017) ** Bai Yu (actor), Bai Yu, Chinese actor *
April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...
** Ram Bahadur Bomjon, Nepalese Buddhist ** Kristen Stewart, American actress and director * April 10 ** Maren Morris, American country singer ** Alex Pettyfer, English actor ** Valerio Scanu, Italian pop rock singer * April 11 ** Martin Escudero, Filipino actor, model and television personality ** Darrius Garrett, American-Rwandan professional basketball player *
April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to ...
– Hiroki Sakai, Japanese footballer * April 13 – Anastasija Sevastova, Latvian tennis player *
April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
– Juan Francisco Estrada, Mexican professional boxer * April 15 ** Julien Lyneel, French volleyball player ** Aoxuan Lee, Chinese singer, songwriter, dancer, actor, and Electone player ** Emma Watson, English actress, model, and activist * April 16 ** Lily Loveless, British actress ** Tony McQuay, American sprinter ** Lorraine Nicholson, American actress and director ** Arthur Zanetti, Brazilian artistic gymnast * April 17 ** Astrit Ajdarević, Swedish professional football player ** Sol Rodríguez, Argentinian actress and model * April 18 ** Anna van der Breggen, Dutch cyclist ** Britt Robertson, American actress ** Wojciech Szczęsny, Polish football player * April 19 ** Kim Chiu, Filipino actress ** Héctor Herrera, Mexican footballer ** Kim Himchan, South Korean singer *
April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 *1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. *1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
** Lu Han (singer), Lu Han, South Korean singer ** Georgia Toews, Canadian novelist * April 21 – Bree Essrig, American actress *
April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. *1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern h ...
– Machine Gun Kelly (rapper), Machine Gun Kelly, American rapper and singer * April 23 – Dev Patel, British actor *
April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). *1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...
** Kim Tae-ri, South Korean actress ** Carly Pearce, American country singer *
April 25 Events Pre-1600 *404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
** Jan-Lennard Struff, German tennis player ** Jean-Éric Vergne, French Formula 1 driver *
April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. *1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. * 1 ...
– Jonathan dos Santos, Mexican footballer * April 27 – Lou de Laâge, French television actress * April 28 – Chelsea Stewart, American soccer player * April 29 **Bradford Burgess, American basketball player **Chris Johnson (basketball, born 1990), Chris Johnson, American basketball player *
April 30 Events Pre-1600 *311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. *1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...
– T-Hawk (wrestler), T-Hawk, Japanese professional wrestler


May

*
May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...
– Caitlin Stasey, Australian actress *
May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. *1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
** Paul George, American basketball player ** Kay Panabaker, American actress * May 3 ** Miranda Chartrand, Canadian singer ** Ida Galich, Russian TV presenter ** Brooks Koepka, American professional golfer *
May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...
– Andrea Torres, Filipino actress * May 5 ** Matteo Ciacci, Sammarinese politician; former List of captains regent of San Marino, Captain Regent of San Marino ** Lee Kang-won, South Korean male volleyball player ** Hannah Davis (model), Hannah Davis, American model * May 6 – Moses Storm, American writer and comedian * May 7 – Jonathan Zlotnik, Massachusetts House of Representatives * May 8 ** Marcel Keller Gil, Portuguese male indoor volleyball player ** Anastasia Fesikova, Russian swimmer ** Kemba Walker, American basketball player *
May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. *1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– John McEntee (political aide), American political advisor * May 10 ** Brandun DeShay, American rapper and record producer ** Maxine Medina, Filipino actress and model ** Lauren Potter, American actress * May 11 ** Marcus Mepstead, British Olympic foil fencer ** Taylor Fletcher, American Nordic combined skier *
May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...
** Florent Amodio, French figure skater ** Etika, YouTube personality (d. 2019) * May 14 – Sasha Spielberg, American musician *
May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...
– Lee Jong-hyun, Korean singer * May 16 ** Deniz Akdeniz, Australian actor ** Thomas Brodie-Sangster, British actor ** Marc John Jefferies, American actor *
May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. *1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
** Will Clyburn, American basketball player ** Ross Butler (actor), Ross Butler, American actor ** Leven Rambin, American actress *
May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of ...
** Heo Ga-yoon, South Korean singer and actress ** Luke Kleintank, American actor ** Yuya Osako, Japanese footballer *
May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...
– Josh O'Connor, English actor *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 1 ...
– Lance Serrano, Filipino actor, commercial model and gym instructor * May 24 ** Félix Moati, French actor, film director and screenwriter ** Joey Logano, American race car driver ** Yuya Matsushita, Japanese singer, dancer, and actor * May 25 ** Ryan Sherriff, American professional baseball pitcher ** Jarred Cosart, American former professional baseball pitcher * May 26 ** Eric Griffin (basketball), Eric Griffin, American basketball player ** Umar Akmal, Pakistani cricketer * May 27 ** Chris Colfer, American actor ** Leo Deluglio, Argentine actor and singer * May 28 ** Jonas Hector, German footballer ** Kanya Kounvongsa, Laotian footballer ** Kyle Walker, English footballer *
May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
– Davit Gharibyan, Armenian model, actor, director, host and publisher * May 30 ** Dean Collins (actor), Dean Collins, American actor ** Josef Šural, Czech footballer (d. 2019) ** Yoona, Korean singer and actress * May 31 ** Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois, Canadian politician ** Phillipa Soo, American actress and singer


June

* June 2 ** Kristiina Brask, Finnish pop singer ** Jack Lowden, Scottish actor * June 4 – Evan Spiegel, co-founder and CEO of Snap Inc. * June 5 – Junior Hoilett, Canadian soccer player * June 6 ** Karma (archer), Karma, Bhutanese archer ** Raisa Andriana, Indonesian singer ** Ryan Higa, American comedian, YouTuber and actor * June 7 ** Iggy Azalea, Australian recording artist ** Allison Schmitt, American swimmer * June 9 ** Antonella Alonso, Venezuelan pornographic actress ** Matthias Mayer, Austrian Olympic alpine skier ** Lauren Socha, English actress * June 10 – Niamh Perry, Irish actress and singer * June 11 – Christophe Lemaitre, French sprinter * June 12 ** Jrue Holiday, American basketball player ** KevJumba, American YouTuber * June 13 – Aaron Taylor-Johnson, English actor ** Tom Ackerley, British film producer * June 16 – John Newman (singer), John Newman, English singer * June 17 ** Alan Dzagoev, Russian footballer ** Jordan Henderson, English international footballer * June 18 ** Jeremy Irvine, English actor ** Sandra Izbașa, Romanian gymnast and Olympic gold medalist ** Christian Taylor (athlete), Christian Taylor, American triple jumper * June 20 – Ding Ning, Chinese table tennis player * June 21 ** Ričardas Berankis, Lithuanian tennis player ** Jake Brook aka Lunar C, British actor, writer and rapper ** Nicolás Maduro Guerra, Venezuelan politician ** Sergei Matsenko, Russian chess player ** Knowledge Musona, Zimbabwean footballer ** Håvard Nordtveit, Norwegian football player * June 22 – Kei Inoo, Japanese singer and actor * June 23 ** Lim Ji-yeon, South Korean actress ** Vasek Pospisil, Canadian tennis player * June 25 – Andi Eigenmann, Filipina actress and model * June 26 – Filip Novák (footballer), Filip Novák, Czech football player * June 27 – Angelia Ong, Filipino–Chinese model * June 28 ** Jasmine Richards, Canadian actress ** Malhar Thakar, Indian actor * June 29 ** Harish Kalyan, Indian actor ** Subaru Kimura, German-Japanese voice actor ** Sayuri Sugawara, Japanese singer * June 30 ** Jaka Blažič, Slovenian basketball player ** Bryan Nickson Lomas, Malaysian diver ** N (singer), N, South Korean singer and actor


July

* July 1 – Dan Mayo, Israeli drummer, composer. and educator * July 2 ** Grey Henson, American actor, dancer, and singer ** Kayla Harrison, American judoka ** Roman Lob, German recording artist ** Margot Robbie, Australian actress ** Danny Rose (footballer, born 1990), Danny Rose, English footballer * July 4 ** Melissa Barrera, Mexican actress and singer ** David Kross, German actor * July 5 ** Nikki Patel, English actress ** David Manoyan, Armenian football player ** Arron Villaflor, Filipino actor and dancer * July 6 ** Jeremy Suarez, American actor ** Jurijus Veklenko, Lithuanian singer-songwriter * July 7 – Amadeus Serafini, American actor * July 8 ** Randy Brown (fighter), Randy Brown, American-Jamaican mixed martial artist ** Kevin Trapp, German footballer * July 9 ** Carla Baratta, Venezuelan actress and model **Fábio (footballer, born 1990), Fábio, Brazilian footballer ** Sosuke Ikematsu, Japanese actor ** Rafael (footballer, born 1990), Rafael, Brazilian footballer ** Sung Joon, South Korean actor and model * July 10 ** Mike LiPetri, American politician ** Portia Clark, Zambian pop singer, songwriter, and philanthropist ** Elliot Knight, British actor ** Sung Joon, South Korean actor and model * July 11 ** Dan Colman, American professional poker player ** Feroze Khan, Pakistani actor and model ** Connor Paolo, American actor ** Patrick Peterson, American football player ** Kelsey Sanders, American actress ** Caroline Wozniacki, Danish tennis player * July 12 – Rachel Brosnahan, American actress * July 13 ** Emmanuel Palomares, Venezuelan-Mexican actor and model ** Jonathan Mensah, Ghanaian footballer * July 14 ** Izwan Mahbud, Singaporean footballer ** Ian Nepomniachtchi, Russian chess grandmaster * July 15 ** Alexander Calvert, Canadian actor ** Tyler Honeycutt, American basketball player (d. 2018) ** Damian Lillard, American basketball player * July 16 ** James Maslow, American actor and singer ** Wizkid, Nigerian singer-songwriter * July 17 – Jonty Usborne, British radio engineer * July 18 ** Canelo Álvarez, Saúl Álvarez, Mexican boxer ** Anders Konradsen, Norwegian footballer * July 19 ** Armond Rizzo, American gay pornographic actor ** Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor ** Darlington Nagbe, Liberian-American soccer player * July 20 – Dominic Roque, Filipino actor and model * July 21 ** Satyajeet Dubey, Indian actor ** Franck Elemba, Congolese athlete ** Fabrice N'Sakala, Congolese-democratic footballer ** Erislandy Savón, Cuban boxer * July 23 – Kevin Reynolds (figure skater), Kevin Reynolds, Canadian figure skater * July 24 ** Daveigh Chase, American actress ** Jay McGuiness, British singer * July 25 – Mubarak Wakaso, Ghanaian footballer * July 26 – Try Guys, Zach Kornfeld, American Internet personality * July 27 ** Victoria Aveyard, American writer ** Indiana Evans, Australian actress ** Kriti Sanon, Indian actress ** David Storl, German track and field athlete * July 28 – Soulja Boy, American rapper * July 29 ** Munro Chambers, Canadian actor ** Joey Essex, English television personality ** Matt Prokop, American actor ** Anna Selezneva, Russian model ** Oleg Shatov, Russian footballer ** Shin Se-kyung, Korean actor * July 31 – Ido Levy, Israeli footballer


August

* August 1 ** Elton Jantjies, South African rugby player ** Jack O'Connell (actor), Jack O'Connell, English actor * August 2 – Eddie Generazio, American author and musician * August 5 – Álex Rodríguez (Panamanian footballer), Álex Rodríguez, Panamanian footballer * August 6 – Hólmar Örn Eyjólfsson, Icelandic footballer * August 7 ** Tom Beugelsdijk, Dutch footballer ** Helen Flanagan, English actress ** Tate Forcier, American football quarterback * August 8 ** Vladimír Darida, Czech footballer ** Abel Hernández, Uruguayan footballer ** Tommy Bracco, American actor, reality television star and Broadway performer ** Oti Mabuse, South African dancer ** Aleksandra Szwed, Polish actress ** Kane Williamson, New Zealand cricketer * August 9 ** Brandon Barkhuizen, South African football (soccer) player ** Adelaide Kane, Australian actress ** Bill Skarsgård, Swedish actor ** Emily Tennant, Canadian actress * August 10 ** Lucas Till, American actor ** Will Brittain, American actor * August 12 ** Enzo Pineda, Filipino actor ** Mario Balotelli, Italian footballer ** Wissam Ben Yedder, French footballer * August 13 ** Shila Amzah, Malaysian singer-songwriter ** DeMarcus Cousins, American basketball player * August 15 ** Jennifer Lawrence, American actress ** Nyusha, Russian singer * August 17 – Rachel Hurd-Wood, British actress * August 18 – Stacy (singer), Stacy, Malaysian singer * August 20 ** Omar El Kaddouri, Belgian-Moroccan footballer ** Bradley Klahn, American tennis player ** Ranomi Kromowidjojo, Dutch swimmer * August 21 ** Theyazin bin Haitham, Crown Prince of Oman ** Bo Burnham, American comedian * August 22 – Adam Thielen, American football player * August 23 – Mike Yastrzemski, American baseball player * August 24 ** Elizabeth Debicki, Australian actress ** Aloysius Pang, Singaporean actor (d. 2019) * August 25 ** Aras Bulut İynemli, Turkish actor ** Salif Sané, French-Senegalese footballer * August 27 ** Tori Bowie, American athlete ** Luuk de Jong, Dutch footballer ** AJR (band), Adam Metzger, American musician, member of AJR ** Taylor Mitchell, Canadian singer (d. 2009) * August 28 ** Katie Findlay, Canadian actress ** Bojan Krkić, Spanish footballer * August 29 ** Patrick van Aanholt, Dutch footballer ** Nicole Gale Anderson, American actress * August 30 – Andreas Kristler, Austrian ice hockey player


September

* September 1 ** Brandon Woodard, American politician ** Yakup Şener, Turkish amateur boxer * September 2 ** Merritt Patterson, Canadian actress ** Marcus Ericsson, Swedish racing driver * September 3 ** Abbas Ali (footballer), Abbas Ali, Pakistani footballer ** Bianca Bin, Brazilian actress * September 4 ** Olha Kharlan, Ukrainian fencer ** Danny Worsnop, British musician * September 5 – Yuna Kim, South Korean figure skater * September 6 ** Matt McAndrew, American singer-songwriter ** John Wall (basketball), John Wall, American basketball player * September 8 ** Matt Barkley, American football player ** Dianne Doan, Canadian actress ** Ella Rae Peck, American actress * September 9 ** Melody Klaver, Dutch actress ** Klaudia Tiitsmaa, Estonian actress * September 10 ** Eddy Martin, American actor ** Chandler Massey, American actor * September 13 ** Jamie Anderson (snowboarder), Jamie Anderson, American snowboarder ** Luciano Narsingh, Dutch footballer * September 14 – Douglas Costa, Brazilian footballer * September 15 ** Aaron Mooy, Australian footballer ** Matt Shively, American actor * September 17 – Kamil Gradek, Polish racing cyclist * September 19 ** Mário Fernandes (footballer), Mário Fernandes, Brazilian-Russian footballer ** Saki Fukuda, Japanese actress ** Kieran Trippier, English footballer * September 20 ** Erich Gonzales, Filipina actor and dancer ** Phillip Phillips, American singer ** John Tavares (ice hockey), John Tavares, Canadian ice hockey player * September 21 ** Cory Wade Hindorff, American model, actor, singer, songwriter and Gay activist and spokesperson ** Laurent Alvarez, Swiss figure skater ** Ivan Dorschner, Filipino actor and host ** Allison Scagliotti, American actress, musician, and director ** Christian Serratos, American actress * September 23 ** Marigona Dragusha, Kosovan model ** Agustín Sierra, Argentine actor ** Çağatay Ulusoy, Turkish actor and model * September 25 ** Mao Asada, Japanese figure skater ** Edie Campbell, English model * September 26 ** Walid Riachy, Lebanese actor and model * September 27 ** Dion Lewis, American football player ** Mitski, Japanese-American singer-songwriter * September 28 – Kirsten Prout, Canadian actress * September 29 – Doug Brochu, American actor, comedian and voice actor * September 30 ** Shane Strickland, American professional wrestler ** Dominique Aegerter, Swiss Grand prix motorcycle racer


October

* October 1 ** Hazal Kaya, Tukish actress ** Anthony Lopes, French-Portuguese footballer * October 2 – Samantha Barks, Manx singer and actress * October 3 ** Michele Morrone, Italian actor, model and singer ** Johan Le Bon, French cyclist ** Rhian Ramos, Filipino actress * October 4 ** Saki (musician), Saki, Japanese guitarist and songwriter ** Sergey Shubenkov, Russian hurdler * October 5 ** Wesley Morgan (actor), American Actor * October 6 ** Jordan Hamilton (basketball), Jordan Hamilton, American basketball player ** Hotaru Yamaguchi, Japanese footballer * October 7 ** Sebastián Coates, Uruguayan footballer ** Ayla Kell, American actress ** Thunder (singer), Thunder, South Korean pop singer * October 11 – Sebastian Rode, German footballer * October 12 ** Brock Coyle, American football player ** Melody (Spanish singer), Melody, Spanish singer * October 13 ** Pooja Hegde, Indian actress ** Bailey Noble, American actress * October 15 – Jeon Ji-yoon, South Korean rapper, songwriter, and actress * October 16 ** Sam Bennett (cyclist), Sam Bennett, Irish cyclist ** Jóhanna Guðrún Jónsdóttir, Icelandic singer ** Tim Nedow, Canadian track and field athlete * October 18 ** Óscar Opazo, Chilean footballer ** Carly Schroeder, American actress * October 19 ** Samantha Munro, American actress ** Samuel Nascimento, Brazilian actor, singer, and dancer ** Ciara Renée, American actress * October 20 – Galadriel Stineman, American actress * October 21 – Ricky Rubio, Spanish basketball player * October 22 ** Ashley Fiolek, American motocross racer ** Jonathan Lipnicki, American actor and producer * October 23 ** Paradise Oskar, Finnish singer-songwriter ** Stevie Brock, American actor ** Dalmar Abuzeid, American Actor * October 24 ** Kirby Bliss Blanton, American actress ** İlkay Gündoğan, German footballer * October 25 ** Sara Chafak, Finnish beauty pageant ** Niall Donohue, Irish hurler (d. 2013) ** Austin Peralta, American jazz musician and composer (d. 2012) ** Ryan Preece, American racing driver * October 27 – Jóhann Berg Guðmundsson, Icelandic footballer * October 28 – Youssef Msakni, Tunisian footballer * October 29 ** Ender Inciarte, Venezuelan baseball player ** Amarna Miller, Spanish porn actress ** Eric Saade, Swedish pop singer ** Carlson Young, American actress * October 30 – Jorge López (actor), Jorge López, Chilean actor * October 31 ** JID, American rapper ** Emiliano Sala, Argentine footballer (d. 2019)


November

* November 2 ** Kévin Tillie, French volleyball player ** Kendall Schmidt, American actor, singer, and guitarist * November 3 ** Ellyse Perry, Australian cricketer ** Polo Morín, Mexican actor and model * November 4 – Jean-Luc Bilodeau, Canadian actor * November 6 ** Dorothea Barth Jörgensen, Swedish model ** Kris Wu, Kris, Chinese Rapper and former member of Exo (group), EXO ** André Schürrle, German footballer * November 7 ** Joy Burke, Taiwanese basketball player ** Matt Corby, Australian singer ** David de Gea, Spanish footballer ** Marisa Siketa, Australian actress * November 8 – SZA, American R&B singer * November 10 ** Vanessa Ferrari, Italian gymnast ** Aron Jóhannsson, American soccer player ** Leo (singer), Leo, South Korean singer-songwriter * November 11 ** Tom Dumoulin, Dutch road bicycle racer ** Georginio Wijnaldum, Dutch footballer * November 12 – Florent Manaudou, French swimmer * November 13 – Kathleen Herles, American voice actress * November 14 ** Roman Bürki, Swiss footballer ** Jessica Jacobs, Australian actress and singer (d. 2008) * November 15 – Kanata Hongō, Japanese actor * November 17 – Shanica Knowles, American actress and singer * November 20 – Zack Martin, American football player * November 22 ** Jang Dong-woo, South Korean singer and dancer ** Seo Eunkwang, South Korean singer * November 23 ** Eddy Kim, Korean singer ** Nick Williams (wide receiver), Nick Williams, American football player * November 24 – Sarah Hyland, American actress * November 26 ** Rita Ora, English singer ** Danny Welbeck, English footballer * November 27 ** Blackbear (musician), Blackbear, American hip hop musician, singer, composer, and record producer ** Josh James (singer), Josh James, British singer * November 28 ** Sena Acolatse, American professional ice hockey player ** Dedryck Boyata, Belgian footballer * November 29 ** Diego Boneta, Mexican actor and singer-songwriter ** Lee Min-hyuk (rapper, born 1990), Lee Min-hyuk, South Korean singer ** Sheldon Richardson, American football player * November 30 – Magnus Carlsen, Norwegian chess grandmaster


December

* December 1 – Chanel Iman, American model * December 2 ** Abra (rapper), Abra, Filipino hip hop artist and occasional actor ** Jamille Matt, Jamaican footballer ** Hikaru Yaotome, Japanese idol * December 3 ** Christian Benteke, Congolese-Belgian footballer ** Sharon Fichman, Canadian-Israeli tennis player ** Fausto Rossi (footballer), Fausto Rossi, Italian footballer * December 6 – Elizabeth Bruenig, American journalist * December 8 ** Miguel Ángel Mayé, Equatoguinean football defender ** Dana Terrace, animator; creator of ''The Owl House'' * December 10 – Shoya Tomizawa, Japanese motorcycle rider (d. 2010) * December 11 ** He Zi, Chinese diver ** Adrienne Murphy, Irish model * December 12 – Seungri, South Korean singer * December 13 ** Corey Anderson (cricketer), Corey Anderson, New Zealand cricketer ** Anton Hysén, Swedish footballer * December 16 – Aziz Behich, Australian footballer * December 17 ** Graham Rogers (actor), Graham Rogers, American actor ** Folashade Abugan, Nigerian sprinter * December 18 ** Alexandr Jurečka, Czech judoka (d. 2015) ** Lara Scandar, Egyptian singer * December 20 ** Denis Cheryshev, Russian footballer ** JoJo (singer), JoJo, American singer and actress * December 22 – Jean-Baptiste Maunier, French actor * December 23 – Anna Maria Perez de Tagle, American actress and singer * December 24 – Marcus Jordan, American college basketball player * December 26 **Jon Bellion, American singer ** Andy Biersack, American singer-songwriter ** Aaron Ramsey, Welsh footballer * December 27 – Milos Raonic, Canadian tennis player * December 28 ** Marcos Alonso (footballer, born 1990), Marcos Alonso, Spanish footballer ** David Archuleta, American singer and pianist * December 29 – Sofiane Hanni, French-Algerian footballer * December 30 ** Fénix (wrestler), Fénix, Mexican wrestler ** Joe Root, English cricketer ** Bruno Henrique Pinto, Bruno Henrique, Brazilian footballer * December 31 ** Patrick Chan, Canadian figure skater ** Zhao Jing (swimmer), Zhao Jing, Chinese swimmer


Deaths


January

* January 2 – Alan Hale Jr, American actor (b. 1921) * January 4 ** Alberto Lleras Camargo, Colombian politician, 20th
President of Colombia The president of Colombia ( es, Presidente de Colombia), officially known as the president of the Republic of Colombia ( es, Presidente de la República de Colombia) or president of the nation ( es, Presidente de la Nacion) is the head of stat ...
(b. 1906) ** Harold Eugene Edgerton, American electrical engineer (b. 1903) * January 5 – Arthur Kennedy, American actor (b. 1914) * January 6 ** Ian Charleson, British actor (b. 1949) ** Pavel Cherenkov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904) * January 7 – Bronko Nagurski, Canadian-American football player (b. 1908) * January 8 ** Jaime Gil de Biedma, Spanish poet (b. 1929) ** Terry-Thomas, English actor and comedian (b. 1911) * January 9 ** Northern Calloway, American actor (b. 1948) ** Bazilio Olara-Okello, Ugandan military officer and statesman (b. 1929) * January 10 – Lyle R. Wheeler, American art director (b. 1905) * January 14 – Mani Madhava Chakyar, Indian performing artist (b. 1899) * January 15 ** Gordon Jackson (actor), Gordon Jackson, British actor (b. 1923) ** William O'Neal (informant), William O'Neal, American FBI informant (b. 1949) * January 17 – Charles Hernu, French politician (b. 1923) * January 18 - Melanie Appleby, British musician (b. 1966) * January 19 ** Arthur Goldberg, American Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court (b. 1908) ** Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, Indian mystic (b. 1931) ** Herbert Wehner, German Social Democratic politician (b. 1906) * January 20 ** Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni, 30th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1887) ** Barbara Stanwyck, American actress (b. 1907) * January 22 ** Mariano Rumor, Italian politician, 39th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1915) ** Roman Vishniac, Russian-American photographer (b. 1897) * January 23 – Allen Collins, American musician (b. 1952) * January 24 ** Madge Bellamy, American actress (b. 1899) ** Araken Patusca, Brazilian footballer (b. 1905) * January 25 ** Dámaso Alonso, Spanish poet (b. 1898) ** Ava Gardner, American actress (b. 1922) * January 26 – Lewis Mumford, American historian of science (b. 1895)


February

* February 2 ** Paul Ariste, Estonian linguist (b. 1905) ** Mel Lewis, American jazz musician (b. 1929) *
February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...
– Jimmy Van Heusen, American composer (b. 1913) * February 8 – Del Shannon, American musician and singer (b. 1934) * February 14 ** José Luis Panizo, Spanish footballer (b. 1922) ** Jean Wallace, American actress (b. 1923) * February 15 ** Henry Brandon (actor), Henry Brandon, German-American actor (b. 1912) ** Ulf Johansson (actor), Ulf Johansson, Swedish actor (b. 1922) * February 16 – Keith Haring, American pop artist (b. 1958) * February 17 – Erik Rhodes (actor, born 1906), Erik Rhodes, American actor (b. 1906) * February 19 ** Otto E. Neugebauer, Austrian-born American mathematician and historian of science (b. 1899) ** Michael Powell, British director (b. 1905) * February 23 ** José Napoleón Duarte, Salvadoran politician, 39th President of El Salvador (b. 1925) ** James M. Gavin, American general (b. 1907) * February 24 ** Malcolm Forbes, American publisher (b. 1919) ** Sandro Pertini, Italian Socialist politician, 7th President of Italy (b. 1896) ** Johnnie Ray, American singer (b. 1927) * February 27 – Les Ames, British cricketer (b. 1905) * February 28 - Greville Wynne, British spy and courier (b. 1919)


March

* March 5 – Gary Merrill, American actor (b. 1915) * March 6 – H. George Decancq, American engineer * March 12 – Philippe Soupault, French poet (b. 1897) *
March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...
** Bruno Bettelheim, American child psychologist (b. 1903) ** Karl Münchinger, German conductor (b. 1915) ** Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham, British politician (b. 1906) *
March 15 Events Pre-1600 *474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odo ...
– Tom Harmon, American football player and broadcaster (b. 1919) * March 17 ** Capucine, French actress and fashion model (b. 1928) ** Ric Grech, British musician (b. 1946) * March 19 – Andrew Wood (singer), Andrew Wood, American musician (b. 1966) *
March 20 Events Pre-1600 * 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka. * 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. * 1600 – The Link ...
– Lev Yashin, Russian footballer (b. 1929) * March 22 – Gerald Bull, Canadian scientist (b. 1928)


April

* April 2 – Aldo Fabrizi, Italian actor (b. 1905) * April 3 – Sarah Vaughan, American jazz vocalist (b. 1924) *
April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. *13 ...
** James MacNabb, British Olympic rower (b. 1901) ** Alfred Sohn-Rethel, German economist and philosopher (b. 1899) *
April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
– Ronald Evans (astronaut), Ronald Evans, American astronaut (b. 1933) * April 8 – Ryan White, American AIDS activist (b. 1971) * April 10 – Fortune Gordien, American Olympic athlete (b. 1922) * April 13 – Luis Trenker, South Tyrolean film producer, director, writer, actor, and architect (b. 1892) *
April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
** Ahmed Balafrej, Moroccan politician, Foreign Minister and 2nd Prime Minister of Morocco (b. 1908) ** Sabicas, Spanish guitarist (b. 1912) * April 15 – Greta Garbo, Swedish-American actress (b. 1905) * April 17 – Ralph Abernathy, American civil rights activist (b. 1926) * April 18 ** Gory Guerrero, American wrestler (b. 1921) ** Frédéric Rossif, French film and television director (b. 1922) ** Robert D. Webb, American film director (b. 1903) * April 19 – Marco Aurelio Robles, Panamanian politician, 20th President of Panama (b. 1905) *
April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 *1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. *1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys ...
– Horst Sindermann, East German politician, 3rd Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic (
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
) (b. 1915) * April 21 – Erté, French Art Deco artist (b. 1892) *
April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. *1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern h ...
– Albert Salmi, American actor (b. 1928) * April 23 – Paulette Goddard, American actress (b. 1910) *
April 25 Events Pre-1600 *404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
– Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1923)


May

* May 3 – Patriarch Pimen I of Moscow (b. 1910) * May 5 – Walter Bruch, German electrical engineer (b. 1908) * May 6 – Charles Farrell, American actor (b. 1900) * May 7 – Prince Andrew of Yugoslavia (b. 1929) * May 8 ** Luigi Nono, Italian composer (b. 1924) ** Tomás Ó Fiaich, Irish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1923) * May 10 ** Susan Oliver, American actress (b. 1932) ** Walker Percy, American writer (b. 1916) *
May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...
– Andrei Kirilenko (politician), Andrei Kirilenko, Soviet politician (b. 1906) * May 16 ** Sammy Davis Jr., American actor, dancer, and singer (b. 1925) ** Jim Henson, Muppets creator, American puppeteer, and filmmaker (b. 1936) *
May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of ...
– Jill Ireland, English actress (b. 1936) *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 1 ...
– Rocky Graziano, American boxer (b. 1919) * May 25 – Vic Tayback, American actor (b. 1930) *
May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
– Hussein Onn, Hussein bin Onn, Malay politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Malaysia (b. 1922) * May 31 – Willy Spühler, Swiss politician (b. 1902)


June

*
June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed k ...
- Ivan Serov, head of the KGB (b. 1905) *
June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed k ...
- Charan Singh (Sant), Maharaj Charan Singh, Fourth Satguru of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (b. 1916) * June 2 – Rex Harrison, English actor (b. 1908) * June 3 – Robert Noyce, American businessman and inventor (b. 1927) * June 4 ** Stiv Bators, American singer (b. 1949) ** Jack Gilford, American actor (b. 1908) * June 5 – Vasili Kuznetsov (politician), Vasili Kuznetsov, Soviet politician, provisional head of the State (b. 1901) * June 7 – Alfredo Poveda, Ecuadorean military officer and statesman, interim President of Ecuador (b. 1926) * June 8 – José Figueres Ferrer, Costa Rican politician, 32nd
President of Costa Rica The president of the Republic of Costa Rica is the head of state and head of government of Costa Rica. The president is currently elected in direct elections for a period of four years, which is not immediately renewable. Two vice presidents are ...
(b. 1906) * June 11 – Vaso Čubrilović, Yugoslav politician (b. 1897) * June 12 – Terence O'Neill, 4th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (b. 1914) * June 13 – Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan, Pakistani stateswoman, First Lady of Pakistan (b. 1905) * June 20 – Ina Balin, American actress (b. 1937) * June 22 – Ilya Frank, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908) * June 24 – Germán Suárez Flamerich, 50th President of Venezuela (b. 1907) * June 29 – Irving Wallace, American writer (b. 1916)


July

* July 1 – Jurriaan Schrofer, Dutch sculptor, designer, and educator (b. 1926) * July 4 – Phil Boggs, American Olympic diver (b. 1949) * July 7 – Cazuza, Brazilian poet, singer and composer (b. 1958) * July 8 – Howard Duff, American actor (b. 1913) * July 15 – Margaret Lockwood, English actress (b. 1916) * July 18 ** Yves Chaland, French cartoonist (b. 1957) ** Yun Posun, South Korean politician, 2nd President of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) (b. 1897) * July 19 – Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907) * July 20 – Sergei Parajanov, Georgian-Armenian film director (b. 1924) * July 22 – Manuel Puig, Argentinian writer (b. 1932) * July 23 – Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese television engineer (b. 1899) *July 26 - Brent Mydland, American keyboardist for Grateful Dead, The Grateful Dead (b. 1952) *July 27 - Bobby Day, American rock and roll and R&B musician (b. 1930) * July 29 – Bruno Kreisky, Austrian Social Democratic politician, 17th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1911) * July 31 – Fernando Sancho, Spanish actor (b. 1916)


August

* August 1 – Norbert Elias, German Jewish sociologist (b. 1897) * August 6 – Jacques Soustelle, French politician and anthropologist (b. 1912) * August 9 – Joe Mercer, English footballer (b. 1914) * August 12 – Dorothy Mackaill, British-born American actress (b. 1903) * August 15 – Viktor Tsoi, Russian singer, actor, and poet (b. 1962) * August 17 – Pearl Bailey, American singer and actress (b. 1918) * August 18 – B. F. Skinner, American psychologist (b. 1904) * August 22 ** Luigi Dadaglio, Italian cardinal (b. 1914) ** Boris Shcherbina, Soviet politician, crisis management supervisor of the Chernobyl disaster (b. 1919) * August 23 – David Rose (songwriter), David Rose, British-born American songwriter, composer, and arranger (b. 1910) * August 24 – Sergei Dovlatov, Russian author (b. 1941) * August 26 – Mário Pinto de Andrade, Angolan politician and poet (b. 1928) * August 27 ** Luigi Beccali, Italian Olympic athlete (b. 1907) ** Raymond St. Jacques, American actor (b. 1930) ** Stevie Ray Vaughan, American guitarist (b. 1954)


September

* September 1 – Geir Hallgrímsson, Icelandic politician, 16th Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1925) * September 2 – John Bowlby, British psychologist and psychiatrist (b. 1907) * September 4 – Irene Dunne, American actress (b. 1898) * September 6 ** Tom Fogerty, American musician (b. 1941) ** Len Hutton, English cricketer (b. 1916) * September 7 ** Ahti Karjalainen, 28th Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1923) ** A. J. P. Taylor, English historian (b. 1906) * September 9 ** Nicola Abbagnano, Italian philosopher (b. 1901) ** Samuel Doe, Liberian military officer and statesman, 21st President of Liberia (b. 1951) * September 19 – Hermes Pan, American choreographer (b. 1910) * September 21 – Xu Xiangqian, Communist military leader in the People's Republic of China, former Defense minister (b. 1901) * September 26 – Alberto Moravia, Italian novelist (b. 1907) * September 30 – Patrick White, Australian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912)


October

* October 1 – Curtis LeMay, United States Air Force general (b. 1906) * October 3 – André Grabar, historian of Romanesque art and the art of the Eastern Roman Empire (b. 1896) * October 4 – Jill Bennett (British actress), Jill Bennett, British actress (b. 1931) * October 5 – Peter Taylor (footballer, born 1928), Peter Taylor, English footballer and manager (b. 1928) * October 7 – Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Rashid bin Said Al-Maktoum, Vice-President and 2nd Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates and Emir (Ruler) of Dubai (b. 1912) * October 8 – Juan José Arévalo, Guatemalan politician, 24th President of Guatemala (b. 1904) * October 13 – Lê Đức Thọ, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1911) * October 14 – Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (b. 1918) * October 15 – Delphine Seyrig, French actress (b. 1932) * October 16 – Art Blakey, American jazz musician (b. 1919) * October 20 – Joel McCrea, American actor (b. 1905) * October 21 – Dany Chamoun, Lebanese politician (b. 1934) * October 22 – Louis Althusser, French philosopher (b. 1918) * October 26 ** Lawrence Andreasen, United States Olympic diver, killed in dive from Vincent Thomas Bridge (b.
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which Nuclear weapon, nuclear weapons Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, have been used in combat. Events Below, ...
) ** William S. Paley, American media executive (b. 1901) * October 27 ** Xavier Cugat, American band leader (b. 1900) ** Jacques Demy, French film director (b. 1931) ** Ugo Tognazzi, Italian actor (b. 1922) * October 29 – William French Smith, 74th United States Attorney General (b. 1917)


November

* November 3 – Mary Martin, American actress and singer (b. 1913) * November 4 – David Stirling, British army officer, founder of the Special Air Service, SAS (b. 1915) * November 5 – Meir Kahane, American rabbi and political figure (b. 1932) * November 7 – Lawrence Durrell, British writer (b. 1912) * November 11 ** Rusty Goodman, American Southern Gospel singer (b. 1933) ** Sadi Irmak, Turkish politician, 17th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1904) ** Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet (b. 1909) * November 12 – Eve Arden, American actress (b. 1908) * November 13 – Don Chaffey, British film director (b. 1917) *November 14 – Paula Nenette Pepin, French musician (b. 1908) * November 17 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915) * November 19 – Georgy Flyorov, Soviet nuclear physicist (b. 1913) * November 23 ** Roald Dahl, British novelist, short-story writer, poet, screenwriter, and wartime fighter pilot (b. 1916) ** Nguyễn Văn Tâm, South Vietnamese politician, 4th Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam (South Vietnam) (b. 1893) * November 24 – Dodie Smith, English novelist and playwright (b. 1896) * November 26 – Feng Youlan, Chinese philosopher (b. 1895) * November 27 – David White (actor), David White, American actor (b. 1916)


December

* December 1 ** Sergio Corbucci, Italian film director (b. 1927) ** Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, Indian diplomat and politician (b. 1900) * December 2 ** Aaron Copland, American composer (b. 1900) ** Robert Cummings, American actor (b. 1910) * December 4 – Naoto Tajima, Japanese Olympic athlete (b. 1912) * December 6 – Tunku Abdul Rahman, 1st Prime Minister of Malaysia (b. 1903) * December 7 ** Reinaldo Arenas, Cuban writer (b. 1943) ** Joan Bennett, American actress (b. 1910) * December 8 ** Tadeusz Kantor, Polish painter, assemblage designer and theatre director (b. 1915) ** Boris Kochno, Russian poet, dancer, and librettist (b. 1906) ** Martin Ritt, American film director (b. 1914) * December 9 – Mike Mazurki, American actor and wrestler (b. 1909) * December 10 – Armand Hammer, American business tycoon (b. 1898) * December 11 – Concha Piquer, Spanish singer and actress (b. 1908) * December 13 – Alice Marble, American tennis champion (b. 1913) * December 14 – Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Swiss writer (b. 1921) * December 18 – Anne Revere, American actress (b. 1903) * December 23 – Wendell Scott, American race car driver (b. 1921) * December 24 – Thorbjørn Egner, Norwegian author (b. 1912) * December 31 – Vasily Lazarev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1928)


Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Jerome Isaac Friedman, Henry Way Kendall, and Richard E. Taylor, Richard Edward Taylor * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Elias James Corey * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Joseph Murray, E. Donnall Thomas * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Octavio Paz * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Mikhail Gorbachev * Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel – Harry Markowitz, Merton Miller, William F. Sharpe


Fields Medal

* Vladimir Drinfeld, Vaughan Jones, Shigefumi Mori, Edward Witten


References

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