Tariq Ali (; born 21 October 1943) is a Pakistani-British political

activist Activism (or Advocacy) consists of efforts to promote, impede, direct or intervene in social, political, economic or environmental reform with the desire to make changes in society toward a perceived greater good. Forms of activism range fro ...

writer A writer is a person who uses written words in different writing styles and techniques to communicate ideas. Writers produce different forms of literary art and creative writing such as novels, short stories, books, poetry, travelogues, ...

journalist A journalist is an individual that collects/gathers information in form of text, audio, or pictures, processes them into a news-worthy form, and disseminates it to the public. The act or process mainly done by the journalist is called journalis ...

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the st ...

filmmaker Filmmaking (film production) is the process by which a motion picture is produced. Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages, starting with an initial story, idea, or commission. It then continues through screenwriting, castin ...

, and

public intellectual An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the reality of society, and who proposes solutions for the normative problems of society. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or ...

. He is a member of the editorial committee of the ''

New Left Review The ''New Left Review'' is a British bimonthly journal covering world politics, economy, and culture, which was established in 1960. History Background As part of the British "New Left" a number of new journals emerged to carry commentary on m ...

'' and ''Sin Permiso'', and contributes to ''

The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers '' The Observer'' and '' The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the ...

'', ''

CounterPunch ''CounterPunch'' is a left-wing online magazine. Content includes a free section published five days a week as well as a subscriber-only area called CounterPunch+, where original articles are published weekly. ''CounterPunch'' is based in the Un ...

'', and the ''

London Review of Books The ''London Review of Books'' (''LRB'') is a British literary magazine published twice monthly that features articles and essays on fiction and non-fiction subjects, which are usually structured as book reviews. History The ''London Review o ...

''. He read Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at

Exeter College, Oxford (Let Exeter Flourish) , old_names = ''Stapeldon Hall'' , named_for = Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter , established = , sister_college = Emmanuel College, Cambridge , rector = Sir Richard Trainor ...

. He is the author of many books, including ''Pakistan: Military Rule or People's Power'' (1970), ''Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State'' (1983), ''Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity'' (2002), '' Bush in Babylon'' (2003), ''Conversations with

Edward Said Edward Wadie Said (; , ; 1 November 1935 – 24 September 2003) was a Palestinian-American professor of literature at Columbia University, a public intellectual, and a founder of the academic field of postcolonial studies.Robert Young, ''Whit ...

'' (2005), ''Pirates of the Caribbean: Axis Of Hope'' (2006), ''A Banker for All Seasons'' (2007), ''The Duel'' (2008), '' The Obama Syndrome'' (2010), and '' The Extreme Centre: A Warning'' (2015).

Early life

Ali was born and raised in

Lahore Lahore ( ; pnb, ; ur, ) is the second List of cities in Pakistan by population, most populous city in Pakistan after Karachi and 26th List of largest cities, most populous city in the world, with a population of over 13 million. It is th ...

, Punjab in

British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one ...

(later part of

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

). He is the son of journalist Mazhar Ali Khan and activist Tahira Mazhar Ali Khan. Ali's mother, Tahira, was the daughter of Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan, who led the

Unionist Muslim League The National Unionist Party was a political party based in the Punjab Province during the period of British rule in India. The Unionist Party mainly represented the interests of the landed gentry and landlords of Punjab, which included Muslims ...

and was later Prime Minister of the

Punjab Punjab (; Punjabi Language, Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also Romanization, romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the I ...

from 1937 to 1942. Ali's father, Mazhar, had been "mobilising peasants in his family’s fiefdom" when he was invited to join the ''

Pakistan Times ''Pakistan Times'' (1947–1996) was a Pakistani newspaper, originally established by the leftist Progressive Papers Limited based in Lahore, Pakistan. Historical background It was owned and operated by Mian Iftikharuddin, a Punjabi politic ...

'' by Mian Iftikharuddin, later becoming sympathetic to the Communist cause, although he never joined the party. Ali's father and mother, who were

cousins Most generally, in the lineal kinship system used in the English-speaking world, a cousin is a type of familial relationship in which two relatives are two or more familial generations away from their most recent common ancestor. Commonly, ...

, eloped. His mother later said: "Mazhar left for the Middle East on

military service Military service is service by an individual or group in an army or other militia, air forces, and naval forces, whether as a chosen job ( volunteer) or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription). Some nations (e.g., Mexico) require ...

. I was very pregnant by then. We didn't see each other for two years. Our son Tariq was born while Mazhar was away. By the time he returned, I had joined the

Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, ...

Party A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often featu ...

. I had given away my entire trousseau, including the family jewels, to the Party."

Emerging activism

Ali first became politically active in his teens, taking part in opposition to the military dictatorship of Pakistan. An uncle who worked in the Pakistani military intelligence warned his parents that Ali could not be protected. His parents therefore decided to get him out of Pakistan and sent him to England, where he studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at

. He was elected President of the

Oxford Union The Oxford Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Oxford Union, is a debating society in the city of Oxford England, whose membership is drawn primarily from the University of Oxford. Founded in 1823, it is one of Britain's oldest ...

in 1965. In 1967 Ali was one of 64 prominent figures, including

the Beatles The Beatles were an English Rock music, rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the Cultural impact of the Beatles, most influential band of al ...

, who signed a petition calling for the legalisation of marijuana. Ali's tenure at the Union included a meeting with

Malcolm X Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. A spokesman for the Nation of I ...

in December 1964 during which Malcolm X expressed deep consternation about his own risk of assassination.

Career

His public profile began to grow during the

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...

, when he engaged in debates against the war with such figures as

Henry Kissinger Henry Alfred Kissinger (; ; born Heinz Alfred Kissinger, May 27, 1923) is a German-born American politician, diplomat, and geopolitical consultant who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presid ...

and Michael Stewart. He testified at the Russell Tribunal over US involvement in Vietnam. As time passed, Ali became increasingly critical of

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...

and Israeli foreign policies. He was also a vigorous opponent of American relations with Pakistan that tended to back

military dictatorship A military dictatorship is a dictatorship in which the military exerts complete or substantial control over political authority, and the dictator is often a high-ranked military officer. The reverse situation is to have civilian control of the ...

s over democracy. He was one of the marchers on the

American embassy in London The Embassy of the United States of America in London is the diplomatic mission of the United States in the United Kingdom. It is located in Nine Elms and is the largest American embassy in Western Europe and the focal point for events rela ...

in 1968 in a demonstration against the

Vietnam war The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...

. Active in the

New Left The New Left was a broad political movement mainly in the 1960s and 1970s consisting of activists in the Western world who campaigned for a broad range of social issues such as civil and political rights, environmentalism, feminism, gay rights ...

of the 1960s, he has long been associated with the ''

''. Ali inserted himself into politics through his involvement with ''

The Black Dwarf ''The Black Dwarf'' (1817–1824) was a satirical radical journal of early 19th century Britain. It was published by Thomas Jonathan Wooler, starting in January 1817 as an eight-page newspaper, then later becoming a 32-page pamphlet. It was price ...

'' newspaper. In 1968 he joined the

International Marxist Group :''See also the International Marxist Group (Germany). The International Marxist Group (IMG) was a Trotskyist group in Britain between 1968 and 1982. It was the British Section of the Fourth International. It had around 1,000 members and suppor ...

(IMG). He was recruited to the leadership of the IMG and became a member of the International Executive Committee of the (reunified)

Fourth International The Fourth International (FI) is a revolutionary socialist international organization consisting of followers of Leon Trotsky, also known as Trotskyists, whose declared goal is the overthrowing of global capitalism and the establishment of ...

. He also befriended influential figures such as

Stokely Carmichael Kwame Ture (; born Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael; June 29, 1941November 15, 1998) was a prominent organizer in the civil rights movement in the United States and the global pan-African movement. Born in Trinidad, he grew up in the Unite ...

John Lennon John Winston Ono Lennon (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician and peace activist who achieved worldwide fame as founder, co-songwriter, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of ...

and

Yoko Ono Yoko Ono ( ; ja, 小野洋子, Ono Yōko, usually spelled in katakana ; born February 18, 1933) is a Japanese multimedia artist, singer, songwriter, and peace activist. Her work also encompasses performance art and filmmaking. Ono grew up i ...

. In 1967, Ali was in

Camiri Camiri (Camirito, La Bomba, Choreti, Capital Petrolera de Bolivia) is a city in Bolivia, Santa Cruz Department, Cordillera Province. It is the seat of the Camiri Municipality. The town has an estimated population of 65,897 inhabitants,< ...

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

, not far from where

Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara (; 14 June 1928The date of birth recorded on /upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Ernesto_Guevara_Acta_de_Nacimiento.jpg his birth certificatewas 14 June 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted ...

was captured, to observe the trial of

Régis Debray Jules Régis Debray (; born 2 September 1940) is a French philosopher, journalist, former government official and academic. He is known for his theorization of mediology, a critical theory of the long-term transmission of cultural meaning in ...

. He was accused of being a Cuban revolutionary by authorities. Ali then said: "If you torture me the whole night and I can speak Spanish in the morning I'll be grateful to you for the rest of my life." During this period he was an

IMG img or IMG is an abbreviation for image. img or IMG may also refer to: * IMG (company), global sports and media business headquartered in New York City but with its main offices in Cleveland, originally known as the "International Management Group ...

candidate in Sheffield Attercliffe at the February 1974 general election and was co-author of ''Trotsky for Beginners'', a cartoon book. In 1981, Ali quit the IMG and joined the Labour Party to support

Tony Benn Anthony Neil Wedgwood Benn (3 April 1925 – 14 March 2014), known between 1960 and 1963 as Viscount Stansgate, was a British politician, writer and diarist who served as a Cabinet minister in the 1960s and 1970s. A member of the Labour Party, ...

in his bid to become deputy leader of the Labour Party. Encuentros Averroes Córdoba

In 1990, he published the satire '' Redemption'', on the inability of the Trotskyists to handle the downfall of the

Eastern bloc The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc and the Soviet Bloc, was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America under the influence of the Soviet Union that existed du ...

. The book contains parodies of many well-known figures in the Trotskyist movement. In 1999 Ali strongly criticised

NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina The NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina was a series of actions undertaken by NATO whose stated aim was to establish long-term peace during and after the Bosnian War. NATO's intervention began as largely political and symbolic, but gradu ...

in the piece ''Springtime for NATO'', and book ''"Masters of the Universe? NATO’s Balkan Crusade"'' in which he negated extent and nature of crimes committed by Serbian forces in Bosnia and Kosovo. He also defended denialist claims espoused by figures such as

Diana Johnstone Diana Johnstone (born 1934) is an American political writer based in Paris, France. She focuses principally on European politics and Western foreign policy. Early life Johnstone gained a BA in Russian Area Studies and a PhD in French Literature f ...

and Edward S. Herman. His book, ''Clash of Fundamentalisms'', aimed to put the events of the

September 11 attacks The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commer ...

in historical perspective. He followed that with '' Bush in Babylon'', which criticised the

2003 invasion of Iraq The 2003 invasion of Iraq was a United States-led invasion of the Republic of Iraq and the first stage of the Iraq War. The invasion phase began on 19 March 2003 (air) and 20 March 2003 (ground) and lasted just over one month, including ...

by American president George W. Bush. The book uses poetry and critical essays in portraying the war in Iraq as a failure. Ali believes that the new Iraqi government will fail. Ali has remained a

critic A critic is a person who communicates an assessment and an opinion of various forms of creative works such as art, literature, music, cinema, theater, fashion, architecture, and food. Critics may also take as their subject social or gover ...

of modern neoliberal economics and was present at the 2005

World Social Forum The World Social Forum (WSF, pt, Fórum Social Mundial ) is an annual meeting of civil society organizations, first held in Brazil, which offers a self-conscious effort to develop an alternative future through the championing of counter-hegemoni ...

Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, , Brazilian ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of 1,488,252 inhabitants (2020) makes it the twelfth most populous city in the country and the center of Brazil's fif ...

, Brazil, where he was one of 19 to sign the

Porto Alegre Manifesto {{unref, date=December 2021 The Porto Alegre Manifesto is a proposal for social change produced at the 2005 World Social Forum. It outlines "twelve... proposals, which ts authorsbelieve, together, give sense and direction to the construction of a ...

. He supports the model of the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela. He has been described as "the alleged inspiration" for the

Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. Active for six decades, they are one of the most popular and enduring bands of the rock era. In the early 1960s, the Rolling Stones pioneered the gritty, rhythmically d ...

' song " Street Fighting Man", recorded in 1968.

's " Power to the People" was inspired by an interview Lennon gave to Ali. Ali participated in the 2012 ''Sight & Sound'' critics' poll, where he listed his ten favourite films as follows: ''

The Battle of Algiers ar, Maʿrakat al-Jazāʾir , director = Gillo Pontecorvo , producer = Antonio MusuSaadi Yacef , writer = Franco Solinas , story = Franco SolinasGillo Pontecorvo , starring = Jean MartinSaadi YacefBrahim H ...

'', ''

Charulata ''Charulata'' (Spelt as ''Cārulatā''; ) is a 1964 Indian drama film written and directed by Satyajit Ray. Based upon the novel ''Nastanirh'' by Rabindranath Tagore, it stars Soumitra Chatterjee, Madhabi Mukherjee and Sailen Mukherjee. The f ...

'', ''

Crimson Gold ''Crimson Gold'' ( fa, طلای سرخ Talâ-ye Sorx) is a 2003 Iranian film directed by Jafar Panahi, and written by Abbas Kiarostami. The film was never distributed in Iranian theatres, because it was considered too "dark". Therefore, it was not ...

'', ''

The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie ''The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie'' (french: Le Charme discret de la bourgeoisie) is a 1972 surrealist film directed by Luis Buñuel from a screenplay co-written with Jean-Claude Carrière. The narrative concerns a group of bourgeois people ...

'', ''

Entranced Earth ''Entranced Earth'' ( pt, Terra em Transe , "World in a Trance", also called ''Land in Anguish'' or ''Earth Entranced'') is a 1967 Brazilian ''Cinema Novo'' drama film directed by Glauber Rocha. It was shot in Parque Lage and at the Municipal ...

'', '' If....'', ''

Osaka Elegy is a 1936 Japanese drama film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. It forms a diptych with Mizoguchi's '' Sisters of the Gion'' which shares much of the same cast and production team, and is considered an early masterpiece in the director's career. Plot ...

'', '' The Puppetmaster'', ''

Rashomon is a 1950 Jidaigeki psychological thriller/ crime film directed and written by Akira Kurosawa, working in close collaboration with cinematographer Kazuo Miyagawa. Starring Toshiro Mifune, Machiko Kyō, Masayuki Mori, and Takashi Shimura as v ...

'', and '' Tout Va Bien''. Ali has also written in favour of

Scottish independence Scottish independence ( gd, Neo-eisimeileachd na h-Alba; sco, Scots unthirldom) is the idea of Scotland as a sovereign state, independent from the United Kingdom, and refers to the political movement that is campaigning to bring it about. ...

. During the

2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum The United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, commonly referred to as the EU referendum or the Brexit referendum, took place on 23 June 2016 in the United Kingdom (UK) and Gibraltar to ask the electorate whether the country shoul ...

, Ali was sympathetic to a Leave vote on left-wing grounds, whilst simultaneously criticizing

right-wing Right-wing politics describes the range of Ideology#Political ideologies, political ideologies that view certain social orders and Social stratification, hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this pos ...

support for Brexit based on opposition to immigration. In 2020, Ali was a member of the Belmarsh Tribunal organized by Progressive International, investigating and evaluating the war crimes committed by the

United States government The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, a city within a feder ...

in the 21st century. In November 2020, a British public inquiry into the work of undercover police officers was provided with evidence that Ali had been spied upon by at least 14 undercover police officers over a period of decades. The surveillance began in 1965 when he became president of the

, and continued until at least 2003, when Ali was on the national committee of the Stop the War Coalition trying to prevent the invasion of Iraq. Ali said "It is incredible to think that after 35 years, in 2003, under the Tony Blair Labour government, that Special Branch were still engaging in the same anti-democratic activity as they had been at the outset".

Screenplay

Tariq Ali's ''The Leopard and The Fox'', first written as a BBC screenplay in 1985, is about the last days of

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Zulfikar (or Zulfiqar) Ali Bhutto ( ur, , sd, ذوالفقار علي ڀٽو; 5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979), also known as Quaid-e-Awam ("the People's Leader"), was a Pakistani barrister, politician and statesman who served as the fourth ...

. Never previously produced because of a censorship controversy, it was finally premiered in New York in October 2007, the day before former Pakistani Prime Minister

Benazir Bhutto Benazir Bhutto ( ur, بینظیر بُھٹو; sd, بينظير ڀُٽو; Urdu ; 21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician who served as the 11th and 13th prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 t ...

returned to her home country after eight years in exile. In 2009, Ali with Mark Weisbrot wrote the screenplay to the

Oliver Stone William Oliver Stone (born September 15, 1946) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. Stone won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay as writer of '' Midnight Express'' (1978), and wrote the gangster film remake '' Sc ...

documentary '' South of the Border''. This gave a favourable account of Hugo Chávez and other left-wing Latin American leaders. Interviewed in the documentary, Ali explained the role that Bolivian water privatisation and the 2000 Cochabamba protests played in eventually bringing

Evo Morales Juan Evo Morales Ayma (; born 26 October 1959) is a Bolivian politician, trade union organizer, and former cocalero activist who served as the 65th president of Bolivia from 2006 to 2019. Widely regarded as the country's first president to c ...

to power.

Personal life

Ali currently lives in Camden, north London, with his partner Susan Watkins, editor of the ''

''. He has three children: Natasha from a previous relationship, and Chengiz and Aisha with Watkins. He grew up in a secular family that was more culturally Muslim than religious, and describes himself as an

atheist Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...

Works

* ''The New Revolutionaries: A Handbook of the International Radical Left'' (editor), New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1969. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 79-79860 * ''Pakistan: Military Rule or People's Power'' (1970). * ''The Coming British Revolution'' (1971). * ''1968 and After: Inside the Revolution'' (1978). * ''Chile, Lessons of the Coup: Which Way to Workers Power'' (1978) . * ''

Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian M ...

for Beginners'' (1980). * ''Can Pakistan Survive?: The Death of a State'' (1983). ; (1991) * ''Who's Afraid of

Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the first female British prime ...

? In Praise of Socialism'' (1984). * '' The Stalinist Legacy: Its Impact on 20th-Century World Politics'' (1984). * ''An Indian Dynasty: The Story of the Nehru-Gandhi Family'' (1985). * ''Street Fighting Years: An Autobiography of the Sixties'' (1987). * ''Revolution from Above: Soviet Union Now'' (1988). * ''Iranian Nights'' (1989). * ''Moscow Gold'' (1990). * '' Redemption'' (1990). * '' Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree'' (1992; 1st in the Islam Quintet). * ''Necklaces'' (1992) * ''Ugly Rumours'' (1998). * ''1968: Marching in the Streets'' (1998). * '' Fear of Mirrors'' Arcadia Books (4 August 1998). ; University of Chicago Press (10 Aug 2010). * '' The Book of Saladin'' (1998; 2nd in the "Islam Quintet"). * ''Snogging Ken'' (2000). * '' The Stone Woman'' (2000; 3rd in the "Islam Quintet"). * ''Masters of the Universe: NATO's Balkan Crusade'' (2000). * ''Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity'' (2002). * '' Bush in Babylon'' (2003). * ''Street-Fighting Years: An Autobiography of the Sixties'' (2005). * ''Speaking of Empire and Resistance: Conversations with Tariq Ali'' (2005). * '' Rough Music: Blair, Bombs, Baghdad, London, Terror'' (2005). * ''Conversations with

'' (2005). * ''A Sultan in Palermo'' (2005; featuring

Muhammad al-Idrisi Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani as-Sabti, or simply al-Idrisi ( ar, أبو عبد الله محمد الإدريسي القرطبي الحسني السبتي; la, Dreses; 1100 – 1165), was a Muslim geographer, cartogra ...

and

Roger II of Sicily Roger II ( it, Ruggero II; 22 December 1095 – 26 February 1154) was King of Sicily and Africa, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon. He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, became Duke of Apulia and Calabria i ...

; 4th in the "Islam Quintet"). * ''The Leopard and the Fox'' (2006). * ''Pirates of the Caribbean: Axis of Hope'' (2006) ; revised edn. (2008). * ''A Banker for All Seasons: Bank of Crooks and Cheats Incorporated'' (2007). * ''The assassination: Who Killed Indira G?'' (2008). * '' The Duel: Pakistan on the Flight Path of American Power'' (2008). * ''The Protocols of the Elders of Sodom: and other Essays'' (2009). * ''The Idea of Communism'' (non-fiction) (2009). * ''Night of the Golden Butterfly'' (2010; 5th in the "Islam Quintet"). * '' The Obama Syndrome: Surrender at Home, War Abroad'' (2010). * ''On History: Tariq Ali and

in Conversation''. (2011), * '' Kashmir: The Case for Freedom'' (2011). * '' The Extreme Centre: A Warning'' (2015). * ''Permanent Counter Revolution'' (2016). * '' The Dilemmas of Lenin: Terrorism, War, Empire, Love, Revolution'' (2017). * '' The forty year war in Afghanistan : a chronicle foretold'' 2021 * '' Winston Churchill: His Times, His Crimes'' (2022).

References

External links

Tariq Ali Official webpage
*
Tariq Ali at the international literature festival berlin
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Tariq 1943 births 20th-century atheists 20th-century British male writers 20th-century British novelists 20th-century essayists 20th-century British historians 20th-century British journalists 20th-century Pakistani male writers 21st-century atheists 21st-century British male writers 21st-century British novelists 21st-century essayists 21st-century British historians 21st-century British journalists Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford British anti–nuclear weapons activists Anti–Vietnam War activists Atheist philosophers British historical novelists British male essayists British male non-fiction writers British Marxist journalists British Marxists British military historians British secularists British social commentators British Trotskyists British writers of Pakistani descent 20th-century British philosophers Critics of neoconservatism Critics of postmodernism Critics of religions Critics of the Catholic Church Cultural critics English anti-war activists English atheists English essayists English philosophers English social commentators Free speech activists Freethought writers Hayat Khattar family International Marxist Group members Journalists from Lahore Literacy and society theorists Living people London Review of Books people Mass media theorists Media critics Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom Opinion journalists Pakistani anti-war activists Pakistani atheists Pakistani emigrants to the United Kingdom Pakistani essayists Pakistani historical novelists Pakistani filmmakers Pakistani Marxists Pakistani non-fiction writers Pakistani philosophers Pakistani Trotskyists Philosophers of art Philosophers of culture Philosophers of economics Philosophers of education Philosophers of history Philosophers of social science Philosophers of war Political philosophers Presidents of the Oxford Union Punjabi people Social critics Social philosophers Theorists on Western civilization University of the Punjab alumni Writers about activism and social change Writers about globalization Writers about religion and science Writers from Lahore Writers of historical fiction set in the Middle Ages Writers of historical fiction set in the modern age British republicans