was a Japanese

academic An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, ...

psychoanalyst PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: + . is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge. In what might ...

and author.

Early life

Doi was born in Tokyo,

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the n ...

in 1920. He was a graduate of the

University of Tokyo , abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877, the university was the first Imperial University and is currently a Top Type university of the Top Global University Project b ...

Career

Doi was Professor Emeritus in the Department of Neuropsychiatry at the University of Tokyo and a medical adviser to

St. Luke's International Hospital is a general and teaching hospital located in the Tsukiji district of Chūō, Tokyo, Japan. First opened in 1902, as a medical mission facility by the Episcopal Church in the United States, the hospital is now one of central Tokyo's largest and m ...

in Tokyo. He was also Director of the

National Institute of Mental Health The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is one of 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH, in turn, is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is the prima ...

in Japan. He taught at the University of Tokyo (1971-1980) and at

International Christian University is a non-denominational private university located in Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan, commonly known as ICU. With the efforts of Prince Takamatsu, General Douglas MacArthur, and BOJ President Hisato Ichimada, ICU was established in 1949 as the first ...

(1980-1982). He wrote numerous books and articles both in Japanese and in English. Doi was best known for his influential explanation of contemporary Japanese

society A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Soc ...

in the work ''

The Anatomy of Dependence is a 1971 book by Japanese psychoanalyst Takeo Doi, discussing at length Doi's concept of ''amae'', which he describes as a uniquely Japanese need to be in good favor with, and be able to depend on, the people around oneself. He likens this to ...

'', published in 1971, which focused extensively on —inner feelings and behaviors that show individual's innate desires to be understood and taken care of—as a psychoanalytical concept and theory. ''The Anatomy of Dependence'' was described by Harvard professor emeritus

Ezra Vogel Ezra Feivel Vogel (; July 11, 1930 — December 20, 2020 ) was an American sociologist who wrote prolifically on modern Japan, China, and Korea, and worked both in academia and the public sphere. He was Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Scie ...

as "the first book by a Japanese trained in psychiatry to have an impact on Western psychiatric thinking." Others critiqued Doi's theories as merely a variety of '' nihonjinron''. In 1986, Doi published a further book, ''The Anatomy of Self'', that expanded on his previous analysis of the concept of by a deeper examination of the distinctions between and (inner feelings and public display); (home) and (outside); and (front) and (rear) and suggests that these constructs are important for understanding the Japanese psyche as well as Japanese society. "Takeo Doi: Japanese Psychiatrist who Developed the Concept of Indulgent Dependency,"
''The Times'' (London). July 27, 2009. Doi died aged 89 in 2009.

Publications

* Doi, T. (1956). Japanese language as an expression of Japanese psychology. ''Western Speech'', ''20''(2), 90-96. * Doi, T. (1967). : An interpretation. In R. P. Dore (Ed.), ''Aspects of social change in modern Japan'' (pp. 327–336). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. * Doi, T. (1973). and : Concepts derived from the Japanese two-fold structure of consciousness. ''Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease'', ''157''(4), 258-261. * Doi, T. (1973). ''The anatomy of dependence: The key analysis of Japanese behavior'' (J. Bester, Trans.). Tokyo: Kodansha International. * Doi, T. (1973). The Japanese patterns of communication and the concept of . ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'', ''59''(2), 180-185. * Doi, T. (1976). ''The psychological world of Natsume Soseki'' (W. J. Taylor, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: East Asian Research Center, Harvard University. * Doi, T. (1986). : A key concept for understanding Japanese personality structure. In T. S. Lebra & W. P. Lebra (Eds.), ''Japanese culture and behavior: Selected readings'' (Rev. ed., pp. 121–129). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. * Doi, T. (1986). ''The anatomy of self: The individual versus society'' (M. A. Harbison, Trans.). Tokyo: Kodansha International. * Doi, T. (1989). The concept of and its psychoanalytic implications. ''International Review of Psycho-Analysis'', ''16'', 349-354. * Doi, T. (2005). ''Understanding amae: The Japanese concept of need-love''. Kent, UK: Global Oriental.

Notes

References

* Dale, Peter N. (1986). ''The Myth of Japanese Uniqueness'' Oxford: Nissan Institute, Croom Helm. * St. Clair, Robert N. (2004)
"The Phenomenology of Self Across Cultures."
''Intercultural Communication Studies,'' ''13''(3), 8–26. {{DEFAULTSORT:Doi, Takeo 1920 births 2009 deaths People associated with the Department of Neuropsychiatry University of Tokyo Psychoanalysts People from Tokyo

Early life

Career

Publications

See also

Notes

References