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TRPM is a family of
transient receptor potential Transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) are a group of ion channels located mostly on the plasma membrane of numerous animal cell types. Most of these are grouped into two broad groups: Group 1 includes TRPC ( "C" for canonical), TR ...
ion channel Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ...
s (''M'' standing for '' wikt:melastatin''). Functional TRPM channels are believed to form tetramers. The TRPM family consists of eight different channels, TRPM1–TRPM8. Unlike the
TRPC TRPC is a family of transient receptor potential cation channels in animals. TRPC channels form the subfamily of channels in humans most closely related to drosophila TRP channels. Structurally, members of this family possess a number of similar ...
and
TRPV TRPV is a family of transient receptor potential cation channels (TRP channels) in animals. All TRPVs are highly calcium selective. TRP channels are a large group of ion channels consisting of six protein families, located mostly on the plasma ...
sub-families, TRPM subunits do not contain N-terminal
ankyrin repeat The ankyrin repeat is a 33-residue motif in proteins consisting of two alpha helices separated by loops, first discovered in signaling proteins in yeast Cdc10 and ''Drosophila'' Notch. Domains consisting of ankyrin tandem repeats mediate prot ...
motifs but, rather, contain entire functional proteins in their C-termini. TRPM6 and TRPM7, for example, contain functional α-kinase segments, which are a type of
serine/threonine-specific protein kinase A serine/threonine protein kinase () is a kinase enzyme, in particular a protein kinase, that phosphorylates the OH group of the amino-acid residues serine or threonine, which have similar side chains. At least 350 of the 500+ human prot ...
.


Permeability and activation

The relative permeability of calcium and magnesium varies widely among TRPM channels. *
TRPM4 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (hTRPM4), also known as melastatin-4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM4 gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word ge ...
and
TRPM5 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5), also known as long transient receptor potential channel 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM5'' gene. Function TRPM5 is a calcium-activated non-select ...
are impermeable to calcium. * TRPM3,
TRPM6 TRPM6 is a transient receptor potential ion channel associated with hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia. See also * TRPM TRPM is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels (''M'' standing for '' wikt:melastatin''). Functiona ...
and
TRPM7 Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7, also known as TRPM7, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name. Function TRPs, mammalian homologs of the Drosophila transient receptor potential (trp) protein, are ...
are highly permeable to both calcium and magnesium. The mechanism of activation also varies greatly among TRPM channels. *
TRPM2 Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2, also known as TRPM2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM2'' gene. Structure The protein encoded by this gene is a non-selective calcium-permeable cation channel ...
is activated by ADP-ribose
adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose Adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an ester molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase. ADPR is created from cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) by the CD38 enzyme using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor ...
and functions as a sensor of redox status in cells. *
TRPM4 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (hTRPM4), also known as melastatin-4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM4 gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word ge ...
and
TRPM5 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5), also known as long transient receptor potential channel 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM5'' gene. Function TRPM5 is a calcium-activated non-select ...
are activated by intracellular calcium. *
TRPM8 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRPM8), also known as the cold and menthol receptor 1 (CMR1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM8'' gene. The TRPM8 channel is the primary molecular ...
can be activated by low temperatures,
menthol Menthol is an organic compound, more specifically a monoterpenoid, made synthetically or obtained from the oils of corn mint, peppermint, or other mints. It is a waxy, clear or white crystalline substance, which is solid at room temperature ...
,
eucalyptol Eucalyptol is a monoterpenoid. A colorless liquid, it is a bicyclic ether. Eucalyptol has a fresh mint-like smell and a spicy, cooling taste. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. Eucalyptol makes up ~70% - 90% of eucal ...
and
icilin Icilin (AG-3-5) is a synthetic super-agonist of the transient receptor potential M8 (TRPM8) ion channel. Although structurally not related with menthol, it produces an extreme sensation of cold, both in humans and animals. It is almost 200 times m ...
.


Functions

Among the functional responsibilities of the TRPM channels are: *regulation of calcium oscillations after T cell activation and prevention of cardiac conduction disorders (
TRPM4 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (hTRPM4), also known as melastatin-4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM4 gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word ge ...
). *modulation of
insulin Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism ...
secretion and sensory transduction in taste cells (
TRPM5 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5), also known as long transient receptor potential channel 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM5'' gene. Function TRPM5 is a calcium-activated non-select ...
). *cold sensation (
TRPM8 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRPM8), also known as the cold and menthol receptor 1 (CMR1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM8'' gene. The TRPM8 channel is the primary molecular ...
). *heat sensation and inflammatory pain ( TRPM3). *regulation of magnesium reabsorption in the kidneys and absorption in the intestines (
TRPM6 TRPM6 is a transient receptor potential ion channel associated with hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia. See also * TRPM TRPM is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels (''M'' standing for '' wikt:melastatin''). Functiona ...
). *regulation of cell adhesion (
TRPM7 Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7, also known as TRPM7, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name. Function TRPs, mammalian homologs of the Drosophila transient receptor potential (trp) protein, are ...
).


Genes

*
TRPM1 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of non-select ...
,
TRPM2 Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2, also known as TRPM2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM2'' gene. Structure The protein encoded by this gene is a non-selective calcium-permeable cation channel ...
, TRPM3,
TRPM4 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (hTRPM4), also known as melastatin-4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM4 gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word ge ...
,
TRPM5 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5), also known as long transient receptor potential channel 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM5'' gene. Function TRPM5 is a calcium-activated non-select ...
,
TRPM6 TRPM6 is a transient receptor potential ion channel associated with hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia. See also * TRPM TRPM is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels (''M'' standing for '' wikt:melastatin''). Functiona ...
,
TRPM7 Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7, also known as TRPM7, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name. Function TRPs, mammalian homologs of the Drosophila transient receptor potential (trp) protein, are ...
,
TRPM8 Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRPM8), also known as the cold and menthol receptor 1 (CMR1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRPM8'' gene. The TRPM8 channel is the primary molecular ...


References


External links

* * * {{Transient receptor potential channel modulators Membrane proteins Ion channels