The ''Téméraire''-class ships of the line were a class of a hundred and twenty

74-gun The "seventy-four" was a type of two- decked sailing ship of the line, which nominally carried 74 guns. It was developed by the French navy in the 1740s, replacing earlier classes of 60- and 62-gun ships, as a larger complement to the recently-de ...

ships of the line ordered between 1782 and 1813 for the

French navy The French Navy (french: Marine nationale, lit=National Navy), informally , is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the five military service branches of France. It is among the largest and most powerful naval forces in t ...

or its attached navies in dependent (French-occupied) territories. Although a few of these were cancelled, the type was and remains the most numerous class of

capital ship The capital ships of a navy are its most important warships; they are generally the larger ships when compared to other warships in their respective fleet. A capital ship is generally a leading or a primary ship in a naval fleet. Strategic im ...

ever built to a single design. The class was designed by

Jacques-Noël Sané Jacques-Noël Sané (18 February 1740, Brest – 22 August 1831, Paris) was a French naval engineer. He was the conceptor of standardised designs for ships of the line and frigates fielded by the French Navy in the 1780s, which served during the ...

in 1782 as a development of the ''Annibal'' and her near-sister ''Northumberland'', both of which had been designed by him and built at Brest during the 1777-1780 period. Some thirteen ships were ordered and built to this new design from 1782 to 1785, and then the same design was adopted as a standard for all subsequent 74-gun ships (the most common type of ship of the line throughout the period from ''ca.'' 1750 to 1830) built for the French Navy during the next three decades as part of the fleet expansion programme instituted by

Jean-Charles de Borda Jean-Charles, chevalier de Borda (4 May 1733 – 19 February 1799) was a French mathematician, physicist, and Navy officer. Biography Borda was born in the city of Dax to Jean‐Antoine de Borda and Jeanne‐Marie Thérèse de Lacroix. In 17 ...

in 1786. The design was appreciated in

Britain Britain most often refers to: * The United Kingdom, a sovereign state in Europe comprising the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands * Great Britain, the largest island in the United King ...

, which eagerly commissioned captured ships and even copied the design with the and .

Variants from basic design

While all the French 74-gun ships from the mid-1780s until the close of the Napoleonic Wars were to the ''Téméraire'' design, there were three variants of the basic design which Sané developed with the same hull form of ''Téméraire''. In 1793 two ships were laid down at Brest to an enlarged design; in 1801 two ships were commenced at Lorient with a slightly shorter length than the standard design (with a third ship commenced at Brest but never completed); and in 1803 two ships were commenced at Toulon to a smaller version (many more ships to this 'small(er) model' were then built in the shipyards controlled by France in Italy and the Netherlands) - these are detailed separately below.

Ships in class

''Téméraire'' group (18 ships)

* :Builder:

Brest Brest may refer to: Places *Brest, Belarus **Brest Region **Brest Airport **Brest Fortress * Brest, Kyustendil Province, Bulgaria * Břest, Czech Republic *Brest, France ** Arrondissement of Brest **Brest Bretagne Airport ** Château de Brest *Br ...

shipyard :Ordered: 15 February 1782 :Laid down: May 1782 :Launched: 17 December 1782 :Completed: July 1783 :Fate: Condemned, November 1801. Broken up, 1803. * :Builder:

Lorient Lorient (; ) is a town ('' commune'') and seaport in the Morbihan department of Brittany in western France. History Prehistory and classical antiquity Beginning around 3000 BC, settlements in the area of Lorient are attested by the presen ...

shipyard :Ordered: 15 February 1782 :Laid down: July 1782 :Launched: 28 October 1784 :Completed: 1785 :Fate: Condemned, November 1802. Broken up, 1803. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: 15 February 1782 :Laid down: July 1782 :Launched: 11 November 1784 :Completed: 1785 :Fate: Wrecked off Brest, 30 January 1795. * :Builder:

Rochefort Rochefort () may refer to: Places France * Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, in the Charente-Maritime department ** Arsenal de Rochefort, a former naval base and dockyard * Rochefort, Savoie in the Savoie department * Rochefort-du-Gard, in the Ga ...

shipyard :Ordered: 15 February 1782 :Laid down: July 1782 :Launched: 21 June 1785 :Completed: October 1785 :Fate: Captured by the

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...

at Toulon in August 1793, but retaken by the French in December 1793; captured again by the Royal Navy in February 1800 and served as HMS ''Généreux''. Broken up in 1816. * , renamed ''Bonnet Rouge'' in January 1794 and then ''Timoléon'' in February 1794. :Builder:

Toulon Toulon (, , ; oc, label= Provençal, Tolon , , ) is a city on the French Riviera and a large port on the Mediterranean coast, with a major naval base. Located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, and the Provence province, Toulon is th ...

shipyard :Ordered: 1784 :Laid down: September 1784 :Launched: 15 September 1785 :Completed: 1786 or 1787 :Fate: Destroyed in action at the Battle of the Nile, August 1798. * , renamed ''Phocion'' in October 1792. :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: 1784 :Laid down: December 1784 :Launched: 16 September 1785 :Completed: 1786 :Fate: Surrendered to Spain by her officers at Trinidad in January 1793. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: 1782 :Laid down: August 1782, but work stopped in February 1783 and she was demolished. :Re-laid down: November 1784 :Launched: 19 September 1785 :Completed: late 1785 :Fate: Captured by the

at Trafalgar on 21 October 1805, and subsequently wrecked. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: 1784 :Laid down: September 1784 :Launched: 3 October 1785 :Completed: April 1786 :Fate: Condemned in May 1820 and became ''Pontoon No.4'' in April 1821.Note: The French ''Ponton'' can mean a floating walkway, dock, barge, or ship used for storage, accommodation, or even as a

prison hulk A prison ship, often more accurately described as a prison hulk, is a current or former seagoing vessel that has been modified to become a place of substantive detention for convicts, prisoners of war or civilian internees. While many nation ...

. Broken up at Rochefort in late 1832. * , renamed ''Lys'' in July 1786 and then ''Tricolore'' in October 1792. :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: 1784 :Laid down: September 1784 :Launched: 7 October 1785 :Completed: September 1787 :Fate: Captured by the

at Toulon in August 1793, then destroyed during the

Siege of Toulon The siege of Toulon (29 August – 19 December 1793) was a military engagement that took place during the Federalist revolts of the French Revolutionary Wars. It was undertaken by Republican forces against Royalist rebels supported by Anglo-S ...

in December 1793. * , renamed ''Ça Ira'' in April 1794 and then ''Agricola'' in June 1794. :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: 1784 :Laid down: January 1783, but work stopped in February 1783 and she was demolished. :Re-laid down: November 1784 :Launched: 17 November 1785 :Completed: August 1787 :Fate: Broken up at Rochefort, 1803. * , renamed ''Mucius Scaevola'' in November 1793, then ''Mucius'' in same month. :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: 1782 :Laid down: October 1784 :Launched: 18 April 1787 :Completed: 1788 :Fate: Condemned 1802, and broken up 1803-04. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: 1785 :Begun: October 1785 :Launched: 22 June 1787 :Completed: July 1787 :Fate: Wrecked and then burnt, February 1793. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: May 1786 :Launched: 11 October 1787 :Completed: 1788 :Fate: Broken up, 1803. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: July 1786 :Launched: 25 October 1787 :Completed: 1788 :Fate: Captured by the

, 1 June 1794. Accidentally destroyed by fire, 24 August 1794. * , renamed ''Gasparin'' in February 1794, reverted to ''Apollon'' in May 1794; renamed ''Marceau'' in December 1797. :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: April 1787 :Launched: 21 May 1788 :Completed: 1788 :Fate: Broken up, 1798. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: end 1786 :Launched: 21 May 1788 :Completed: 1789 :Fate: Captured by the

, 1 June 1794, and served as HMS ''Impétueux''. Broken up, 1813. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: End 1786 :Launched: 30 October 1788 :Completed: July 1790 :Fate: Destroyed during the

, December 1793. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: September 1787 :Launched: 8 June 1789 :Completed: June 1790 :Fate: Captured by Britain during the Battle of the Nile on 2 August 1798. Served as HMS ''Aboukir'' until broken up in Plymouth in 1802.Roche, vol.1, p.45

''Duquesne'' group (46 ships)

* :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: August 1787 :Launched: 2 September 1788 :Completed: 1789 :Fate: Captured by the

on 24 July 1803, and served as HMS ''Duquesne''. Broken up in 1805. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: June 1787 :Launched: 16 December 1788 :Completed: July 1790 :Decommissioned: 26 October 1833 :Fate: Broken up at Brest, 1841. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: June 1787 :Launched: 15 November 1789 :Completed: August 1790 :Fate: Broken up in Baltimore, 1816. * , renamed ''Montagnard'' in March 1794, ''Démocrate'' on 18 May 1795, then back to ''Jupiter'' again on 30 May 1795, and to ''Batave'' in December 1797. :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: 19 August 1787 :Begun: June 1788 :Launched: 4 November 1789 :Completed: October 1790 :Fate: Broken up in Brest, 1807. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: 23 May 1788 :Launched: 16 December 1789 :Completed: August 1790 :Fate: Ran aground, 12 December 1792. Abandoned, and finally sank, 8 June 1793. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 7 November 1790 :Fate: Wrecked at the

Battle of the Basque Roads The Battle of the Basque Roads, also known as the Battle of Aix Roads (French: ''Bataille de l'île d'Aix'', also ''Affaire des brûlots'', rarely ''Bataille de la rade des Basques''), was a major naval battle of the Napoleonic Wars, fought in th ...

on 26 February 1809, hull burnt by the British in April. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 30 July 1790 :Fate: Captured by the British at Toulon in August 1793, commissioned with a crew of French Royalist rebels under British command, burnt by accident at Livorno on 28 November 1793.Roche, vol.1, p.408 * , renamed ''Révolution'' on 7 January 1793, then ''Finisterre'' on 5 February 1803. :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 14 April 1790 :Fate: Broken up, 1816. * , renamed ''Mont-Blanc'' in 1793, and ''Trente-et-un Mai'' in 1794. Renamed ''Républicain'' in 1795, then ''Mont-Blanc'' again in 1796. :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched:13 August 1791 :Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy during the

Battle of Cape Ortegal The Battle of Cape Ortegal was the final action of the Trafalgar campaign, and was fought between a squadron of the Royal Navy and a remnant of the fleet that had been defeated earlier at the Battle of Trafalgar. It took place on 4 November 180 ...

, 4 November 1805. Served as HMS ''Mont Blanc''. Used as a gunpowder hulk from 1811, and sold in 1819. * , renamed ''Redoutable'', May 1795. :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 31 May 1791 :Fate: Participated in the

Battle of Trafalgar The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (180 ...

, taken by the British, foundered two days later, 22 October 1805. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 12 September 1791 :Fate: Burnt by the Royal Navy at the

, 18 December 1793.Roche, vol.1, p.435 * , renamed ''Gaulois''. :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 24 January 1792 :Fate: Decommissioned, June 1802. Broken up, 1805. * , renamed ''Cisalpin'' in 1797, and ''Aquilon'' in 1803. :Builder: Brest :Ordered: :Launched: 22 July 1793 :Fate: Grounded and burnt at the

, April 1809 * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched:28 May 1791 :Fate: Captured at Toulon by the Royal Navy, 29 August 1793. Served as HMS ''Pompee''. Converted to prison hulk at Portsmouth, 1816. Broken up, January 1817. * :Builder: Brest :Ordered: :Launched: 8 May 1793 :Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy during the

Battle of Groix The Battle of Groix was a large naval engagement which took place near the island of Groix off the Biscay coast of Brittany on 23 June 1795 ( 5 messidor an III) during the French Revolutionary Wars. The battle was fought between elements of the ...

, 23 June 1795. Served as HMS ''Tigre''. Broken up, June 1817. * , renamed ''Desaix'' in August 1800. :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 28 June 1793 :Fate: Wrecked at Saint-Domingue, January 1802. * , renamed ''Pégase'' in 1795, and ''Hoche'' in 1797. :Builder: :Ordered: :Launched: 23 March 1794 :Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy on 12 October 1798. Served as HMS ''Donegal''. Broken up, 1845. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 29 May 1794 :Fate: Driven ashore by HMS ''Amazon'' and ''Indefatigable'' and wrecked on 14 January 1797. * :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Launched: 22 January 1794 :Fate: Decommissioned, May 1820. * , renamed ''Marat'' in 1794, ''Formidable'' in May 1795. :Builder: Rochefort shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 29 April 1794 :Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at the

, 23 June 1795, served as . Broken up in 1814. * :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: 3 July 1793 :Launched: 8 October 1794 :Fate: Scrapped, 1808. * , renamed ''Dix-août'' in 1798, ''Brave'' in February 1803. :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: 16 February 1793 :Launched: 2 May 1795 :Fate: Captured by during the

Battle of San Domingo The Battle of San Domingo was a naval battle of the Napoleonic Wars fought on 6 February 1806 between squadrons of French and British ships of the line off the southern coast of the French-occupied Spanish colonial Captaincy General of Santo Do ...

, 6 February 1806. Foundered, 12 April 1806. * , renamed ''Marengo'' on 2 December 1802. :Builder: Toulon :Ordered: :Launched: 21 July 1795 :Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy in the

action of 13 March 1806 The action of 13 March 1806 was a naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, fought when a British and a French squadron met unexpectedly in the mid-Atlantic. Neither force was aware of the presence of the other prior to the encounter and were pa ...

, and served as HMS ''Marengo'' until broken up 1816. * , renamed ''Voltaire'' in 1795, ''Constitution'' in 1795, and ''Jupiter'' in 1803. :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 28 September 1795 :Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy during the

, 6 February 1806, and served as HMS ''Maida''. Sold for breaking up, 1814. * :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 5 October 1797 :Fate: Captured by during the Battle of the Raz de Sein on 21 April 1798, and served as HMS ''Hercules''. Broken up in December 1810. * :Builder: Toulon :Ordered: :Launched: 24 November 1797 :Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy during the Battle of the Nile, 2 August 1798. Served as HMS ''Spartiate''. Broken up, 1857. * :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 22 December 1798 :Fate: Exchanged with Spain, 1806. * :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 1 February 1798 :Fate: Destroyed by accidental fire before being commissioned. * , launched as ''Brutus'' and renamed before completion :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: 31 May 1798 :Begun: August 1798 :Launched: 24 January 1803 :Completed: March 1803 :Fate: Beached and set ablaze by the British in the Chesapeake, 14 September 1806. * , renamed ''Diomède'' in 1803. :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 1 August 1799 :Fate: Ran aground and wrecked during the

, 6 February 1806. Burnt by the Royal Navy, 8 February 1806. * :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Launched: 6 July 1800 :Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at Trafalgar on 21 October 1805. Retaken by her crew on 22 October 1805, but sank in a heavy storm the next day. * (ii) :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Launched: 24 March 1800 :Fate: Captured by the

in the

, 4 November 1805, and served as HMS ''Implacable''. Renamed HMS ''Foudroyant'', 1943. Scuttled, 2 December 1949. * :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Launched: 10 May 1801 :Fate: Captured by Spain at Cadiz, June 1808. * (ii) :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 29 March 1801 :Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at the

, 4 November 1805. Served as HMS ''Scipion'' until broken up in January 1819. * :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Launched: 18 August 1803 :Fate: Decommissioned, 1816. * :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Launched: 17 November 1804 :Fate: Sunk at the battle of Trafalgar, 22 October 1805. * :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Launched: 12 January 1804 :Fate: Ran aground and burnt, 26 October 1809. * :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 12 April 1805 :Fate: Burnt by crew to avoid capture, 7 April 1814. * :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Launched: 17 June 1806 :Fate: Decommissioned, 1816.Roche, vol.1, p.29 * :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 3 February 1806 :Fate: Broken up, 1831. * :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 2 September 1807 :Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy on 17 April 1809 during

Troude's expedition to the Caribbean Troude's expedition to the Caribbean was a naval operation by a French force under Commodore Amable-Gilles Troude during the Napoleonic Wars. The French squadron departed from Lorient in February 1809 in an attempt to reach and resupply the isla ...

. Served as HMS ''Abercrombie''. Sold, 1817.

''Danube'' Group (26 ships)

* , renamed ''Lys'' in April 1814, reverted to ''Polonais'' from March until July 1815, then ''Lys'' again. :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Begun: August 1805 :Launched: 27 May 1808 :Completed: October 1808 :Fate: Broken up at Brest, 1825. * , renamed, '' Quatorze Juillet'' in 1795, but launched under her original name. :Builder: Brest :Ordered: :Begun: 16 April 1794 :Launched: 9 June 1808 :Completed: September 1808 :Fate: Wrecked during the

on 12 April 1809, and burned by her crew to avoid capture. Triomphant mp3h9394

* :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Launched: 31 March 1809 :Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1828. * :Builder: Toulon :Ordered: :Begun: June 1807 :Launched: 21 December 1808 :Completed: August 1809 :Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1828. * :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Launched: 25 May 1809 :Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1822. * :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 8 December 1809 :Fate: Wrecked off Brest, 23 March 1814. * (ii) :Builder: Brest :Ordered: :Launched: 21 May 1810 :Fate: Struck, 1849 * , renamed ''Pluton'' in 1866. :Builder: Lorient :Ordered: :Launched: 12 October 1810 :Fate: Struck, 21 July 1858. Prison hulk from 1860 to 1865. Broken up in 1873. * :Builder: Toulon :Ordered: :Launched: 9 June 1811 :Fate: Struck, 24 November 1857. Used as a barracks hulk from 1857 to 1869. Broken up in 1879. * :Builder: Antwerp :Ordered: :Launched: 15 August 1811 :Fate: Struck, 1826. * ,

razee A razee or razée is a sailing ship that has been cut down (''razeed'') to reduce the number of decks. The word is derived from the French ''vaisseau rasé'', meaning a razed (in the sense of shaved down) ship. Seventeenth century During the ...

d and renamed ''Amphitrite'' in 1823. :Builder: Genoa :Ordered: :Launched: 23 February 1812 :Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1836. * :Builder: Antwerp :Ordered: :Launched: 14 April 1812 :Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1826. Broken up, 1831. * ,

d and renamed ''Guerrière'' in 1821. :Builder: Toulon :Ordered: :Launched: 31 May 1812 :Fate: Broken up, 1840. * :Builder: Toulon :Ordered: :Launched: 15 August 1812 :Fate: Struck, 22 June 1858, and used as a barracks hulk. Broken up in Toulon, 1877. * (iii) :Builder: Genoa :Ordered: :Launched: 5 September 1813 :Fate: Struck, 1846. * (ii) :Builder: Brest :Ordered: :Launched: 9 October 1813 :Fate: Scrapped, 1841. * (ii) :Builder: Cherbourg :Ordered: :Launched: 10 November 1813 :Fate: Struck, and used as a floating magazine from 1824. * ,

d and renamed ''Pallas'' in 1821. :Builder: Toulon :Ordered: :Launched: 5 December 1813 :Fate: Struck, 1831. Broken up, 1840. * (ii) :Builder: Antwerp :Ordered: :Begun: December 1808 :Launched: 5 July 1814 :Completed: September 1814 :Fate: Lost, 1833. * :Builder: Genoa :Ordered: :Begun: February 1812. Captured by the British, 18 April 1814. :Launched: 18 April 1815 for the British Navy as HMS ''Genoa'' :Completed: 1815 :Fate: Broken up at Plymouth, 1838. * (ii), renamed ''Provence'' in July 1815, then ''Alger'' in July 1830. :Builder: Toulon :Ordered: :Begun: September 1812 :Launched: 26 May 1815 :Completed: August 1815 :Fate: Struck, 31 December 1855, and used as a hospital ship. Broken up, 1881. * , renamed ''Glorieux'' before launch, ''Minerve'' in 1834, ''Aber Wrac'h'' in 1865. :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Begun: January 1812 :Launched: 18 June 1818 :Completed: July 1818 :Fate: Razeed to 58-gun frigate during 1831-34. Struck, and converted to a pontoon, 1853. Broken up, 1874. * (ii) :Builder: Lorient-Caudan :Ordered: :Begun: July 1811 :Launched: 25 August 1820 :Completed: December 1820 :Fate: Broken up, 1833 * :Builder: Rochefort :Ordered: :Begun: April 1813 :Launched: 22 September 1823 :Completed: December 1824 :Fate: Converted to a pontoon, 1852. Broken up, 1870. * (ii), renamed ''Duperré'' in December 1849. :Builder: Brest :Ordered: :Begun: October 1813 :Launched: 26 August 1824 :Completed: 1825 :Fate: Broken up, 1870. * (ii) :Builder: Cherbourg :Ordered: :Begun: July 1813 :Launched: 23 September 1831 :Completed: 1832 :Fate: Broken up, 1865. Three further ships to this design were begun at

Castellammare di Stabia Castellammare di Stabia (; nap, Castiellammare 'e Stabbia) is a '' comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania region, in southern Italy. It is situated on the Bay of Naples about southeast of Naples, on the route to Sorrento. History ...

for the "puppet" Neapolitan Navy of Joachim Murat: * :Begun: end 1808 :Launched: 21 August 1810 :Completed: January 1812 :Fate: Out of service 1847, and broken up. * :Begun: September 1810 :Launched: 1 August 1812 :Completed: May 1813 :Fate: Damaged by fire, 10 May 1820. Sold for breaking up, 1821. * The third ship, laid down in September 1812, was never named, let alone launched, as its construction was abandoned following the defection of the Kingdom of Naples from the Napoleonic cause in November 1813.

Large Variant (''Cassard'' group – 2 ships launched)

Two ships were laid down in 1793–1794 at Brest to a variant of Sané's design with the aim of carrying 24-pounder guns on the upper deck instead of the 18-pounders carried by the ''Téméraire''. These ships were two feet longer than the standard 74s, and half a foot wider. The first was begun as the ''Lion'', but was renamed ''Glorieux'' in 1795 and ''Cassard'' in 1798. The second was begun as the ''Magnanime'', but was renamed ''Quatorze Juillet'' in 1798 and ''Vétéran'' in 1802. Unlike the main sequence, construction proceeded slowly. By 1816 the 24-pounders aboard these two ships had been replaced by 18-pounders, and no further ships to this variant design were produced, so indicating that it was not judged successful. * :Builder: Brest shipyard :Begun: November 1794 :Launched: 18 July 1803 :Completed: December 1803 :Fate: Condemned, 1833. * :Builder: Brest shipyard :Begun: August 1793 :Launched: 24 September 1803 :Completed: December 1803 :Fate: Condemned, 1818.

Short Variant (''Suffren'' group – 2 ships launched)

Two ships were begun in 1801 to a variation of the standard ''Téméraire'' design by Sané to meet the demands of

Pierre-Alexandre Forfait Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait (21 April 1752, Rouen – 8 November 1807, Rouen) was a French engineer, hydrographer and politician, and Minister of the Navy. Career Born to a family of rich merchants, Forfait studied at a Jesuit college in Ro ...

. The length of these ships were reduced by 65 cm from the standard design. A third ship to this variant design begun at Brest was cancelled in 1804. After Forfait left the Ministry of the Marine in October 1801, no further vessels were ordered to this variant design. * :Builder: Lorient shipyard :Begun: August 1801 :Launched: 17 September 1803 :Completed: October 1803 :Fate: Condemned, 1815. * :Builder: Lorient shipyard :Begun: August 1801 :Launched: 8 July 1804 :Completed: September 1804 :Fate: Captured by the British at Trafalgar in 1805, but retaken. Captured by Spain at Cadiz, June 1808. * :Builder: Brest shipyard :Begun: May 1801 :Launched: Never launched :Completed: - :Fate: Cancelled, February 1804.

Small Variant (''Pluton'' group – 24 ships launched)

Starting with the prototypes ''Pluton'' and ''Borée'' in 1803, a smaller version of the ''Téméraire'' class, officially named ''petit modèle'', was designed by

to be produced in shipyards having a lesser depth of water than the principal French shipyards, primarily those in neighbouring states under French control and in foreign ports which had been absorbed into the French Empire such as Antwerp. The revised design measured 177 feet 7 inches on the waterline, 180 feet 1 inch on the deck, and 46 feet 11 inches moulded breadth. The depth of hull was 9 inches less than that in the "regular" ''Téméraire'' design. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: June 1803 :Laid down: August 1803 :Launched: 17 January 1805 :Completed: March 1805. :Fate: Captured by the Spanish at Cadiz in June 1808. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: June 1803 :Laid down: August 1803 :Launched: 27 June 1805 :Completed: August 1805 :Fate: Condemned at Toulon in 1827. * Two more 74s to the "petit modèle" design were ordered in June 1803, one at Marseille and the other at Bordeaux, but these were not built. * :Builder:

Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of ...

shipyard :Ordered: :Laid down: July 1803 :Launched: 17 August 1805 :Completed: November 1805 :Fate: Condemned at Rochefort in August 1821, and broken up there by October 1821. * :Builder:

Flushing Flushing may refer to: Places * Flushing, Cornwall, a village in the United Kingdom * Flushing, Queens, New York City ** Flushing Bay, a bay off the north shore of Queens ** Flushing Chinatown (法拉盛華埠), a community in Queens ** Flushin ...

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: :Fate: Captured on the stocks after the fall of Flushing during the

Walcheren Campaign The Walcheren Campaign ( ) was an unsuccessful British expedition to the Netherlands in 1809 intended to open another front in the Austrian Empire's struggle with France during the War of the Fifth Coalition. Sir John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chath ...

in 1809. Frames taken to England, where she was assembled and launched as in 1812. * :Builder: Antwerp shipyard :Ordered: :Laid down: November 1803 :Launched: 9 April 1807 :Completed: March 1808 :Fate: Condemned at Brest in February 1819, and broken up there in December 1819. * :Builder: Antwerp shipyard :Ordered: :Laid down: April 1804 :Launched: 8 April 1807 :Completed: March 1808 :Fate: Ceded to the new Dutch Navy, 1 August 1814, renamed ''Nassau''. * , renamed ''Éole'' in August 1814, then ''Anversois'' in March 1815 and back to ''Éole'' in July 1815. :Builder: Antwerp shipyard :Ordered: :Laid down: June 1804 :Launched: 7 June 1807 :Completed: March 1808 :Fate: Condemned at Brest in February 1819 and broken up there in December 1819. * :Builder: Antwerp shipyard :Ordered: :Laid down: July 1804 :Launched: 20 June 1807 :Completed: March 1808 :Fate: Condemned at Lorient in June 1818, and broken up there in January 1820. * :Builder: Antwerp shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 21 June 1807 :Fate: Became Dutch ''Prins Frederik'' in 1814, broken up 1821 * , renamed ''Thésée'' before launch, renamed ''Atlas'' after 1814. :Builder: Antwerp shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 6 September 1807 :Fate: Condemned 1819, hulked. * , originally ''Audacieux'', renamed before launch. :Builder: Antwerp shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 20 September 1807 :Fate:Ceded to Holland 1814, broken up 1817 * , named ''Illustre'' before launching, and renamed ''Achille'' in 1814 during the

First Restoration The First Restoration was a period in French history that saw the return of the Bourbon dynasty to the throne, between the abdication of Napoleon I in the spring of 1814 and the Hundred Days, in March 1815. The regime was born following the vict ...

. In 1815, during the Hundred Days, reverted to ''Dantzig'', but returned to ''Achille'' on the

Second Restoration The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the first fall of Napoleon on 3 May 1814. Briefly interrupted by the Hundred Days War in 1815, the Restoration lasted until the J ...

. :Builder: Antwerp shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 15 August 1807 :Fate: Struck, 1816. * :Builder: Antwerp shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: April 1807 :Launched: 2 October 1808 :Completed: April 1809 :Fate: Struck, 1814. * (originally named ''Superbe'', but renamed before launching) :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: January 1806 :Launched: 3 May 1808 :Completed: August 1808 :Fate: Struck, 1836. * , renamed ''Hector'' in 1814 during the

. In 1815, during the Hundred Days, reverted to ''Dalmate'', but returned to ''Hector'' on the

. :Builder: Antwerp shipyard :Ordered: :Begun: August 1806 :Launched: 21 August 1808 :Completed: April 1809 :Fate: Struck, 1819. * :Builder:

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 6 September 1810 :Fate: Captured by in the action of 22 February 1812. Served as HMS ''Rivoli'' until broken up in 1819. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: not launched :Fate: * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 1811 :Fate: Struck, 1814. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 1811 :Fate: Ceded to Austria, broken up 1831. * :Builder:

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population of 907,976 within the city proper, 1,558,755 in the urban ar ...

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 1815 :Fate: Abandoned in 1813, completed by the

United Kingdom of the Netherlands The United Kingdom of the Netherlands ( nl, Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden; french: Royaume uni des Pays-Bas) is the unofficial name given to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as it existed between 1815 and 1839. The United Netherlands was cr ...

. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 1812 :Fate: Struck, 1814. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: July 1817 :Fate: Abandoned in 1813, completed by the

. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 1812 :Fate: Ceded to Austria, broken up 1838. * :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 1817 :Fate: Abandoned in 1813, completed by the

. * :Builder:

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"Ne ...

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 1817 :Fate: Abandoned in 1813, completed by the

. * ''Montenotte'' :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: 1815 :Fate: Completed by Lombardy–Venetia. * ''Arcole'' :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: not launched :Fate: Cancelled. * ''Lombardo'' :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: not launched :Fate: Cancelled. * ''Semmering'' :Builder:

shipyard :Ordered: :Launched: not launched :Fate: Cancelled. * ''Citoyen'' :Builder:

Trieste Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into prov ...

shipyard :Ordered: December 1811 :Launched: not launched :Fate: Cancelled, 1812.

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

Citations

References

* * * *

External links

''Le Redoutable''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Temeraire Class Ship Of The Line 74-gun ship of the line classes Ship of the line classes from France Ship classes of the French Navy

Variants from basic design

Ships in class

''Téméraire'' group (18 ships)

''Duquesne'' group (46 ships)

''Danube'' Group (26 ships)

Large Variant (''Cassard'' group – 2 ships launched)

Short Variant (''Suffren'' group – 2 ships launched)

Small Variant (''Pluton'' group – 24 ships launched)

See also

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

Citations

References

External links