The Swedish People's Party of Finland ( sv, Svenska folkpartiet i Finland (SFP); fi, Suomen ruotsalainen kansanpuolue (RKP)) is a political party in Finland aiming to represent the interests of the minority

Swedish-speaking population of Finland The Swedish-speaking population of Finland (whose members are called by many names; fi, suomenruotsalainen) can be used as an attribute., group=Note—see below; sv, finlandssvenskar; fi, suomenruotsalaiset) is a linguistic minority in Finl ...

. The party is currently participating in the government of Sanna Marin, holding the positions of

Minister of Justice A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a ...

and Minister for Nordic Cooperation and Equality. An ethnic

catch-all A catch-all or catchall is a general term, or metaphoric dumping group, for a variety of similar words or meanings. Catch-all may also refer to: *Catch-all party, or big tent party * Catch-all email filter *Catch-all taxon Wastebasket taxon (al ...

party, the party's main election issue has been since its inception the Swedish-speaking Finns' right to their own language and to maintain the position of the

Swedish language Swedish ( ) is a North Germanic language spoken predominantly in Sweden and in parts of Finland. It has at least 10 million native speakers, the fourth most spoken Germanic language and the first among any other of its type in the Nordic cou ...

Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bot ...

. Ideologically, it is liberal and social-liberal, and it sits at the

centre Center or centre may refer to: Mathematics *Center (geometry), the middle of an object * Center (algebra), used in various contexts ** Center (group theory) ** Center (ring theory) * Graph center, the set of all vertices of minimum eccentricity ...

of the political spectrum, and identifies as

pro-European Pro-Europeanism, sometimes called European Unionism, is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU).Krisztina Arató, Petr Kaniok (editors). ''Euroscepticism and European Integration''. Polit ...

. The party was in governmental position 1979–2015 with one or two seats in the

government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government i ...

and collaborated with the

centre-right Centre-right politics lean to the right of the political spectrum, but are closer to the centre. From the 1780s to the 1880s, there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy, moving away from the nobility and ...

as well as the

centre-left Centre-left politics lean to the left on the left–right political spectrum but are closer to the centre than other left-wing politics. Those on the centre-left believe in working within the established systems to improve social justice. The ...

parties in the

Parliament of Finland The Parliament of Finland ( ; ) is the unicameral and supreme legislature of Finland, founded on 9 May 1906. In accordance with the Constitution of Finland, sovereignty belongs to the people, and that power is vested in the Parliament. The ...

. The fact that both the Finnish centre-right and centre-left have needed the support from the party has meant that they have been able to affect

politics of Finland The politics of Finland take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy. Finland is a republic whose head of state is President Sauli Niinistö, who leads the nation's foreign policy and is the supreme commander ...

on a larger scale than the party's actual size would suggest. The position of the Swedish language as one of two

official language An official language is a language given supreme status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically the term "official language" does not refer to the language used by a people or country, but by its government (e.g. judiciary, ...

s in Finland and the Swedish-speaking minority's right to the

Swedish culture The Culture of Sweden has long been known for the accomplishments of a wide variety of artists. Prehistoric Sweden was the source of Norse culture, dominant in all of Scandinavia for hundreds of years, and the Temple at Uppsala in Sweden was ...

are two of the results of the party's influence in Finnish politics. The party is a member of the

Liberal International Liberal International (LI) is a worldwide organization of liberal political parties - a political international. It was founded in Oxford in 1947 and has become the pre-eminent network for liberal parties, aiming to strengthen liberalism aroun ...

, the

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE; french: Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour l'Europe, ADLE) is a transnational alliance between two European political parties, the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europ ...

and

Renew Europe Renew Europe (Renew) is a liberal, pro-European political group of the European Parliament founded for the ninth European Parliament term. The group is the successor to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group which exi ...

. The youth organisation of the party is called Svensk Ungdom (''"Swedish Youth"'').

History and electorate

Svenska folkpartiet election poster 1907

The Swedish Party (1870–1906), a parliamentary

elite party An elite party is a political party consisting of members of the societal elite, particularly members of parliament, who agree to co-operate politically in the spirit of principles and goals. Elite parties form as groupings of elite members parti ...

based on members in the

Diet of Finland The Diet of Finland ( Finnish ''Suomen maapäivät'', later ''valtiopäivät''; Swedish ''Finlands Lantdagar''), was the legislative assembly of the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1809 to 1906 and the recipient of the powers of the Swedish Ri ...

, is the historical predecessor of the Swedish People's Party of Finland. It was a part of the

Svecoman The Svecoman ( sv, Svekoman, , ) movement was a Suecophile or pro- Swedish nationalist movement that arose in the Grand Duchy of Finland at the end of the 19th century chiefly as a reaction to the demands for increased use of Finnish vigorously ...

movement and its main policy was opposition of the

Fennoman The Fennoman movement or Fennomania was a Finnish nationalist movement in the 19th-century Grand Duchy of Finland, built on the work of the ''fennophile'' interests of the 18th and early-19th centuries. History After the Crimean War, Fennoma ...

movement. Unlike Fennomans who were largely liberal on other matters than the language question, the Svecoman were

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...

Axel Lille Axel Johan Lille (28 March 1848, Helsinki – 28 June 1921) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish journalist and politician and the main founder of the Swedish People's Party (''Svenska folkpartiet'', SFP) and its leader 1907–1917. Lille was the fi ...

and

Axel Olof Freudenthal Axel Olof Freudenthal (12 December 1836 – 2 June 1911), was a Swedish-speaking Finnish philologist and politician. He was born in Siuntio, and studied at the University of Helsinki where the nationalistic movement struggle between the Fen ...

are often considered as some of the main "founding fathers" of the movement. Most members of the Liberal Party joined the Swedish Party in the 1880s, after the Liberals ceased to exist as a distinct party. The Swedish People's Party of Finland was founded in the 1906 party congress of the Swedish Party, making it one of the oldest parties in Finland. The first leader of Swedish People's Party was

. The current leader of the party is

Anna-Maja Henriksson Anna-Maja Kristina Henriksson (née Forss; born 7 January 1964) is a Swedish-speaking Finnish politician. She has served as Finland's Minister of Justice, in Jyrki Katainen's cabinet and Alexander Stubb's cabinet from 2011 to 2015, Antti Rinne' ...

. In the

the representative for

Åland Åland ( fi, Ahvenanmaa: ; ; ) is an autonomous and demilitarised region of Finland since 1920 by a decision of the League of Nations. It is the smallest region of Finland by area and population, with a size of 1,580 km2, and a populat ...

is usually included in SFP's parliamentary group, regardless of his/her party affiliation. This is because the political parties in Åland have no counterparts in Mainland Finland, but the SFP's interests have much in common with those of Åland as far as the Swedish language is concerned. The party receives its main electoral support from the Swedish speaking minority, which makes up about 5.5% of Finland's population. During its history, the party has suffered slow but steady decline in adherence, following the decline of the percentage of Swedish-speaking population: in 1907 it got 12% of national votes, after World War II 7% and in the 2011 parliamentary election 4.3% (9 MPs). In municipal elections, it holds large majorities in municipalities with a Swedish-speaking majority. Despite its position as one of the minor political parties in the Finnish parliament it has frequently been one of the partners forming the governing

coalition cabinet A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. The usual reason for such an arrangement is that no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election, an atypical outcome in ...

s. Since 1956, the year when

Urho Kekkonen Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (; 3 September 1900 – 31 August 1986), often referred to by his initials UKK, was a Finnish politician who served as the eighth and longest-serving president of Finland from 1956 to 1982. He also served as prime minister ...

was elected President, the party has been nearly continuously in the government. It has been part of all coalitions with the significant exception of Paasio's first cabinet (1966–68), which included only socialists (

Social Democratic Party The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology. Active parties For ...

(SDP), the split SDP faction Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders and

Finnish People's Democratic League Finnish People's Democratic League ( fi, Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto, SKDL; sv, Demokratiska Förbundet för Finlands Folk, DFFF) was a Finnish political organisation with the aim of uniting those left of the Finnish Social Democratic P ...

) and the Centre Party. Short periods of rule by single-party minority governments, Miettunen cabinet (1961–62, Centre) and Paasio's second government (1972, SDP) and of nonpartisan

caretaker government A caretaker government is a temporary ''ad hoc'' government that performs some governmental duties and functions in a country until a regular government is elected or formed. Depending on specific practice, it usually consists of either randomly se ...

s have also interrupted its stay in the government. For this reason, SFP is often criticized for being a single-issue party that allegedly accepts nearly all other policies as long as its own vital interest, the status of the Swedish language is maintained. However, although Vanhanen's first cabinet made Swedish a voluntary subject in the upper secondary school's matriculation exam, SFP remained in the government. In contrast, the Greens left the previous government after a new nuclear power plant was decided in 2002. The SFP's long continuous participation in the Finnish cabinets came to an end in following the 2015 parliamentary election when it was left out of the Sipilä cabinet. In June 2019, the SFP returned to government with two ministerial positions in the

Rinne Cabinet The cabinet of Antti Rinne was the 75th government of Finland. It was formed following the parliamentary election of 2019 and was formally appointed by President Sauli Niinistö on 6 June 2019. The cabinet consisted of a coalition formed by the ...

, the Minister of Justice and the Minister for Nordic Cooperation and Equality. Recently the SFP has emphasized the liberal part of its programme, attempting to woo voters outside its traditional Swedish-speaking electorate. In 2010, the party added the word ''Suomen'' ("of Finland") to its official Finnish name.

Election results

Parliament of Finland

ImageSize = width:1100 height:240 PlotArea = width:1000 height:160 left:60 bottom:50 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:15 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:0 Colors= id:SB value:rgb(0.055,0.533,0.827) PlotData= bar:% color:SB width:20 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S bar:1907 from:start till:12.60 text:12,6 bar:1908 from:start till:12.74 text:12,7 bar:1909 from:start till:12.31 text:12,3 bar:1910 from:start till:13.53 text:13,5 bar:1911 from:start till:13.31 text:13,3 bar:1913 from:start till:13.07 text:13,1 bar:1916 from:start till:11.76 text:11,8 bar:1917 from:start till:10.90 text:10,9 bar:1919 from:start till:12.13 text:12,1 bar:1922 from:start till:12.41 text:12,4 bar:1924 from:start till:12.03 text:12,0 bar:1927 from:start till:12.20 text:12,2 bar:1929 from:start till:11.45 text:11,5 bar:1930 from:start till:10.03 text:10,0 bar:1933 from:start till:10.42 text:10,4 bar:1936 from:start till:10.36 text:10,4 bar:1939 from:start till:9.61 text:9,6 bar:1945 from:start till:7.90 text:7,9 bar:1948 from:start till:7.34 text:7,3 bar:1951 from:start till:7.20 text:7,2 bar:1954 from:start till:6.76 text:6,8 bar:1958 from:start till:6.50 text:6,5 bar:1962 from:start till:6.11 text:6,1 bar:1966 from:start till:5.69 text:5,7 bar:1970 from:start till:5.34 text:5,3 bar:1972 from:start till:5.06 text:5,1 bar:1975 from:start till:4.66 text:4,7 bar:1979 from:start till:4.23 text:4,2 bar:1983 from:start till:4.61 text:4,6 bar:1987 from:start till:5.30 text:5,3 bar:1991 from:start till:5.48 text:5,5 bar:1995 from:start till:5.14 text:5,1 bar:1999 from:start till:5.12 text:5,1 bar:2003 from:start till:4.61 text:4,6 bar:2007 from:start till:4.57 text:4,6 bar:2011 from:start till:4.28 text:4,3 bar:2015 from:start till:4.87 text:4,9 bar:2019 from:start till:4.5 text:4,5

European Parliament

Presidential elections

Political positions

The Swedish language is one of the two

s of Finland. The SFP has as its main raison d'être the protection and strengthening of the position of the Swedish language in Finland. The Swedish People's Party of Finland has the most eclectic profile of any of the political parties in Finland, its members and supporters including (chiefly): * fishermen and farmers from the Swedish-speaking coastal areas. * small-town dwellers from the adjacent Swedish-speaking and bi-lingual towns. * a significant part of the

* left-leaning middle-class people. * liberals in general, who currently have no representation of their own in the Finnish parliament, and who as such benefit from the predominantly liberal values of the SFP. Although the SFP represents a small minority of Finland, Swedish mother tongue per se is not much of a political handicap. Several times Swedish speaking presidential candidates have gathered considerable support, although not necessarily as candidates for the Swedish People's Party of Finland: * In 1944 the Swedish-Finnish Carl G. E. Mannerheim a hero of Finnish independence became Finlands 6th president. * In 1956 the Swedish-speaking

Social Democrat Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote soc ...

Karl-August Fagerholm got one elector's vote less than needed to be elected, and the Agrarian

was elected. * In 1994 the SFP's candidate Elisabeth Rehn was defeated by the Social Democrat candidate

Martti Ahtisaari Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari (; born 23 June 1937) is a Finnish politician, the tenth president of Finland (1994–2000), a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and a United Nations diplomat and mediator noted for his international peace work. Ahti ...

, also with a narrow margin (53.9% to 46.1%). SFP supports Finnish NATO membership and envisions that Finland could become a full NATO member by 2025.

List of party leaders

(1906–1917) * Eric von Rettig (1917–1934) *

Ernst von Born Baron Ernst Viktor Lorenz von Born (24 August 1885, Pernå - 7 July 1956) was a Finnish lawyer, farmer and politician. He served as Minister of the Interior from March 1931 to December 1932 and from December 1939 to May 1941, Minister without Por ...

(1934–1945) *

Ralf Törngren Ralf Johan Gustaf Törngren (1 March 1899 – 16 May 1961) was a Finnish politician, born in Oulu. He was the party leader of the Swedish People's Party (1945–1955), a member of the Finnish parliament and the Prime Minister of Finland 5 May ...

(1945–1955) *

(1955–1956) * Lars Erik Taxell (1956–1966) * Jan-Magnus Jansson (1966–1973) * Kristian Gestrin (1973–1974) *

Carl Olof Tallgren Carl Olof Tallgren (born 28 January 1927) is a Finnish politician who served as the minister of finance between 1970 and 1971. He is one of the former heads of the Swedish People's Party of Finland. Early life and education Tallgren was born in ...

(1974–1977) * Pär Stenbäck (1977–1985) *

Christoffer Taxell Lars Evald Christoffer Taxell (born July 14, 1948, in Turku, Finland) is a Finland Swedish politician, business leader and former chancellor of Åbo Akademi University. He is known in Finland as an influential decision-maker in Finland Swedish ...

(1985–1990) * Ole Norrback (1990–1998) *

Jan-Erik Enestam Jan-Erik Enestam (born 12 March 1947 in Västanfjärd) is a Finland-Swedish politician from the Swedish People's Party. He has a degree from the Åbo Akademi university in Turku. Enestam was the Municipal Director of Västanfjärd between 1978 ...

(1998–2006) * Stefan Wallin (2006–2012) * Carl Haglund (2012–2016) *

(2016–)

References

External links

Website of the Swedish People's Party of Finland
{{Authority control Swedish People's Party of Finland 1906 establishments in the Russian Empire