The Surma River ( bn, সুরমা নদী) is a major river in

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

, part of the Surma-Meghna River System. It starts when the

Barak River The Barak River flows through the states of Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram and Assam in India. Further it enters Bangladesh where it bifurcates into the Surma river and the Kushiyara river which converges again to become the Meghna river before for ...

from northeast India divides at the Bangladesh border into the Surma and the Kushiyara rivers. It ends in

Kishoreganj District Kishoreganj ( bn, কিশোরগঞ্জ) is a district in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. Earlier it was a Mohkuma (মহকুমা) under the Mymensingh district. It was taken 2495.07 sq. km of land from Mymensingh district to form pres ...

, above Bhairab Bāzār, where the two rivers rejoin to form the

Meghna River The Meghna River ( bn, মেঘনা নদী) is one of the major rivers in Bangladesh, one of the three that form the Ganges Delta, the largest delta on earth, which fans out to the Bay of Bengal. A part of the Surma-Meghna River System, ...

. The waters from the river ultimately flow into the

Bay of Bengal The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line betwee ...

. The average depth of river is and maximum depth is .

Course

From its source in the Manipur Hills near Mao Songsang, the river is known as the

. At the border with Bangladesh, the river divides with the northern branch being called the Surma River and the southern the

Kushiyara River The Kushiyara River is a distributary river in Bangladesh and Assam, India. It forms on the India-Bangladesh border as a branch of the Barak River, when the Barak separates into the Kushiyara and Surma. The waters that eventually form the Kushiy ...

. This is where the river enters the Sylhet Depression (or trough) which forms the Surma Basin. The Surma is fed by tributaries from the Meghalaya Hills to the north, and is also known as the Baulai River after it is joined by the south-flowing

Someshwari River Someshwari River (Popularly known as Singsang chi or Simsang wari by A.chik Tribe) ( bn, সোমেশ্বরী নদী), known as Simsang River in the Indian state of Meghalaya which originates from Nokrek Range and flows into Bangladesh. ...

. The Kushiyara receives tributaries from the Sylhet Hills and Tripura Hills to the south, the principal one from the Tripura Hills being the Manu. The Kushiyara is also known as the Kalni River after it is joined by a major offshoot (distributary) from the Surma. When the Surma and the Kushiyara finally rejoin in

above Bhairab Bazar, the river is known as the Meghna River. The Surma passes through many

haor A ( bn, হাওর) is a wetland ecosystem in the north eastern part of Bangladesh which physically is a bowl or saucer shaped shallow depression, also known as a backswamp.MK Alam; ''Wave attack in Haor areas of Bangladesh and cement conc ...

Gallery

File:Surma River 0002.jpg File:Surma river.JPG File:BD Surma 2.jpg File:05122009 River Surma Sylhet photo2 Ranadipam Basu.jpg

References

External links

* Rivers of Bangladesh Bay of Bengal Kishoreganj District Distributaries of the Ganges Rivers of Dhaka Division {{Bangladesh-river-stub