The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a muscle in the pharynx. It is the highest located muscle of the three pharyngeal constrictors. The muscle is a quadrilateral muscle, thinner and paler than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
The muscle is divided into four parts: A pterygopharyngeal, buccopharyngeal, mylopharyngeal and a glossopharyngeal part.
Origin and insertion
The four parts of this muscle arise from:
- the lower third of the posterior margin of the medial pterygoid plate and its hamulus (Pterygopharyngeal part)
- from the pterygomandibular raphe (Buccopharyngeal part)
- from the alveolar process of the Human mandible, mandible above the posterior end of the mylohyoid line (Mylopharyngeal part)
- and by a few fibers from the side of the tongue (Glossopharyngeal part)
The fibers curve backward to be inserted into the Pharyngeal raphe, median raphe, being also prolonged by means of an aponeurosis to the pharyngeal spine on the basilar part of the occipital bone.
The superior fibers arch beneath the levator veli palatini muscle and the Eustachian tube.
Relations
The interval between the upper border of the muscle and the base of the skull is closed by the pharyngeal aponeurosis, and is known as the sinus of Morgagni (pharynx), sinus of Morgagni.
There is an interval between superior pharyngeal constrictor and middle pharyngeal constrictor, this space contains glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual nerve and the stylopharyngeus muscle.
[McMinn, R., 1994. ''Last's anatomy: Regional and applied (9th ed).'']
Action
As soon as the Bolus (digestion), bolus of food is received in the pharynx, the elevator muscles relax, the pharynx descends, and the constrictors contract upon the bolus, and convey it downward into the esophagus.
Innervation
The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is innervated by the Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve via the Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve, pharyngeal plexus.
Additional images
Image:Gray129.png, Occipital bone seen from outside
Image:Gray177.png, Inner surface of the Human mandible, Mandible seen from the side. The insertion of the mylopharyngeal part of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is marked as "sup const".
Image:Gray513.png, The Internal carotid artery, internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Right side.
Image:Gray1028.png, Muscles of soft palate and fauces, Muscles of the palate seen from behind.
File:Slide3iiii.JPG, Dissection of the pharyngeal constrictors
File:Slide2kaka.JPG, Deep dissection of the floor of mouth. Anterior view.
File:Slide1kuku.JPG, Deep dissection of larynx, pharynx and tongue seen from behind
References
External links
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Muscles of the head and neck
Pharynx