Stonne

Stonne () is a Communes of France, commune in the Ardennes (department), Ardennes Departments of France, department in northern France.

History

Stonne is a small village, consisting of only a handful of farmsteads, that was heavily contested during the invasion of France in the Second World War. The village changed hands 17 times over the course of three days of fighting between 15 May and 17 May 1940.

Operations near the town involved 90,000 German troops and 300 German tanks, opposed by 42,500 French soldiers and 130 French tanks. The Germans lost 26,500 men (wounded and killed) and 24 tanks, while the French lost 7,500 men (wounded and killed) and 33 tanks.

On 13–14 May 1940, German tanks crossed the Meuse river under the command of General Heinz Guderian. The town of Stonne and the woody hills of Mont-Dieu were the single area where it was possible to try to stop this German advance. On the night of 13 May, the French moved various elements to this area to attack the Germans;

* elements from the 3rd Motorized Infantry Division (DIM: Division d'Infanterie Motorisée)
** 1st battalion of the 67th Infantry Regiment
** 10th and 11th companies of the 51st Infantry Regiment
* elements of the 3rd Armoured Division (France, 1940), 3rd DCR (Division Cuirassée)
** 1st company of the 45th Tank Battalion (BCC: Bataillon de Chars de Combat) (Hotchkiss H35, Hotchkiss H-39 tanks)
** 3rd company of the 49th Tank Battalion (BCC: Char B1, Renault B1bis tanks)
* 2nd company of the 4th Tank Battalion (BCC: FCM 36, FCM-36 infantry support tanks).

They faced the 10th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht), 10th Panzer Division, Panzer Regiment 8, Infantry Regiment 69, Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland, Infantry Regiment "Grossdeutschland", and elements of the 43rd Assault Engineer Battalion.

The town switched sides 17 times in the course of the Battle_of_Sedan_(1940)#Battle_of_Stonne, Battle of Stonne:
:15 May
::0800 German
::0900 French
::0930 German
::1030 French
::1045 German
::1200 French
::1730 German
:16 May
::0730 French
::1700 German
:16–17 May night
::Stonne remained unoccupied
:17 May
::0900 German
::1100 French
::1430 German
::1500 French
::1630 German
::1700 French
::1745 German

At first the French tanks were used in an infantry support and defensive role. On the morning of 16 May a counter-attack was led by the French tanks. The 3rd company of the 41st Tank Battalion (B1 bis tanks) went into attack without infantry support. They met Panzer Regiment 8. A single B1bis tank (Lieutenant Pierre Billotte, Bilotte's "Eure") pushed into the town itself, into the German defences, and then withdrew after attacking a German column and reportedly destroying two Panzer IV, PanzerKampfwagen IV tanks, 11 Panzer III, PanzerKampfwagen IIIs and two 3.7 cm Pak 36, PaK 36 anti-tank guns single-handedly.

After 16 May, the 10th Panzer Division withdrew to be replaced by the 16th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), 16th and 24th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), 24th Infantry Divisions. The Infantry Regiment Grossdeutschland had already lost 570 men and 12 guns at Stonne, while the French had lost about 33 tanks and the Germans about 24 tanks. The majority of casualties suffered by Grossdeutschland in the 1940 campaign were lost at Stonne.

Stonne was totally occupied only on 25 May, as pockets of resistance continued to hold out. The Germans failed to clear the Mont-Dieu woods which were bypassed. The French infantry lost many men, for example the 1st battalion of the 67th Infantry Regiment had 362 officers, NCOs and soldiers killed and wounded. One of the 51st Regiment's companies finished the battle with only 5 sergeants and 30 soldiers.

Population

See also

*Communes of the Ardennes department

References

{{authority control

Communes of Ardennes (department)
Ardennes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia