Stone rubbing is the practice of creating an image of surface features of a stone on paper. The image records features such as natural textures, inscribed patterns or lettering. By rubbing hard rendering materials over the paper, pigment is deposited over protrusions and on edges; depressions remain unpigmented since the pliable paper moves away from the rendering material. Common rendering materials include

rice paper "Rice paper" has many varieties such as rice paper made from tree bark to make drawing and writing paper or from rice flour and tapioca flour and then mixed with salt and water to produce a thin rice cake and dried to become harder and paper-like ...

charcoal Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents. In the traditional version of this pyrolysis process, ...

, wax,

graphite Graphite () is a crystalline form of the element carbon. It consists of stacked layers of graphene. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on la ...

or inksticks. Over time, the practice of stone rubbing can cause permanent damage to cultural monuments due to abrasion. For an artist, stone rubbings can become an entire body of creative work that is framed and displayed.

Technique

The paper that has been used by Chinese scholars to transfer the calligraphy from stones is made from plant fiber. It can be used in two ways to retrieve the calligraphy. One way requires the paper to be dry and then adhered to the stone through a paste made with water and a starch that is made from rice or wheat. The paper is then tamped into the engravings on the stone. The other technique requires the paper to be wet and tamped into the engravings without a paste.Perkins, Dorothy. “stone rubbings, Chinese.” Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 1998. Ancient and Medieval History Online. Facts On File, Inc. 28 Jan. 2010

. After doing either of these techniques, an ink, created through grinding an ink stick and adding water one drop at a time to achieve the ideal consistency, is used to retrieve the calligraphy. The ink is stippled on with a cloth filled with the ink. The ink covers the paper without sinking into the engravings. When the paper is peeled off, the calligraphy engravings come out white, while everything else is black from the ink. More commonly, people use butcher paper to create stone rubbings. The butcher paper is usually taped on to the stone or grave, which contains the inscription desired, with either masking or paint tape. Then, usually, charcoal or crayon is rubbed over the stone or grave, leaving the engravings untouched by the crayon. When the butcher paper is removed, the inscriptions should be readable because they are not marked with the crayon.“Headstone Art.” Ancestry. July/August 2008: 55. Print

. It can be helpful to clean the stone beforehand, to ensure optimum results. A soft brush and water is usually what works best to cleanse the stones. One should not use stiff or hard brushes, as they can scratch the stone. Also, one should not use cleaning solutions or mild detergents on the stones, as they can damage the stone.“Cemeteries.” Massachusetts Studies Project. 28 Jan. 2010

. When stone rubbing, one should be careful with stones that are deteriorating, as they can collapse under pressure.

Gravestone rubbing

Gravestone rubbing also applies this technique to gravestones, often as a method of retrieving and conserving information about

genealogy Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kin ...

. For a genealogist, a gravestone rubbing may become a permanent record of death when a gravestone is rapidly deteriorating. Rubbings are commonly made by visitors to the US

Vietnam Veterans Memorial The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a U.S. national memorial in Washington, D.C., honoring service members of the U.S. armed forces who served in the Vietnam War. The site is dominated by two black granite walls engraved with the names of those ...

. Visitors use pencil and paper to copy the name of a family member or friend who died during the

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...

off of the wall. The rubbing forms a type of souvenir. Gravestone rubbing can be used to teach about local history. The stone’s condition, art, and inscription can tell what was going on in an area at a specific time. Studying multiple gravestones in one specific area can give even more information about history. File:Stone rubbing of anthropomorphic stele no 10, Sion, Petit-Chasseur necropolis 14.jpg, Stone rubbing of anthropomorphic stele no 10, Sion, Petit-Chasseur necropolis, Neolithic File:Stone rubbing of anthropomorphic stele no 20, Sion, Petit-Chasseur necropolis 12.jpg, Stone rubbing of anthropomorphic stele no 20, Sion, Petit-Chasseur necropolis, Neolithic File:Stone rubbing of anthropomorphic stele no 18, Sion, Petit-Chasseur- necropolis 11.jpg, Stone rubbing of anthropomorphic stele no 18, Sion, Petit-Chasseur necropolis, Neolithic File:Stone rubbing of anthropomorphic stele no 15, Sion, Petit-Chasseur- necropolis 10.jpg, Stone rubbing of anthropomorphic stele no 15, Sion, Petit-Chasseur necropolis, Neolithic File:Adoniham Judson Cox Died 22 Dec 1907.jpg, Gravestone rubbing of Confederate war veteran, Plaquemine, Louisiana

Notes

{{Authority control Artistic techniques Burial monuments and structures

Technique

Gravestone rubbing

See also

Notes