Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) is an international
institute An institute is an organisational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations ( research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. In some countries, institutes ca ...
based in
Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...
. It was founded in 1966 and provides data, analysis and recommendations for armed conflict, military expenditure and arms trade as well as disarmament and arms control. The research is based on open sources and is directed to decision-makers, researchers, media and the interested public. SIPRI's organizational purpose is to conduct scientific research in issues on conflict and cooperation of importance for international peace and security, with the goal of contributing to an understanding for the conditions for a peaceful solution of international conflicts and sustainable peace. SIPRI was ranked among the top three non-US world-wide think tanks in 2014 by the
University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest-regarded universitie ...
Lauder Institute The Joseph H. Lauder Institute of Management & International Studies (The Lauder Institute) offers a joint degree program at the University of Pennsylvania, combining an MA in international studies from the School of Arts & Sciences with an MBA ...
's ''Global Go To Think Tanks Report.'' In 2020, SIPRI ranked 34th amongst
think tank A think tank, or policy institute, is a research institute that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture. Most think tanks are non-governmenta ...
s globally.


History

In 1964,
Prime Minister of Sweden The prime minister ( sv, statsminister ; literally translating to "Minister of State") is the head of government of Sweden. The prime minister and their cabinet (the government) exercise executive authority in the Kingdom of Sweden and are su ...
Tage Erlander Tage Fritjof Erlander (; 13 June 1901 – 21 June 1985) was a Swedish politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1946 to 1969. He was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and led the government for an uninterrupted tenu ...
put forward the idea of establishing a peace research institute to commemorate Sweden's 150 years of unbroken peace. A Swedish Royal Commission chaired by Ambassador
Alva Myrdal Alva Myrdal ( , ; née Reimer; 31 January 1902 – 1 February 1986) was a Swedish sociologist, diplomat and politician. She was a prominent leader of the disarmament movement. She, along with Alfonso García Robles, received the Nobel Peace ...
proposed in its 1966 report to establish an institute, later named the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, SIPRI. The institute's research should seek to contribute to "the understanding of the preconditions for a stable peace and for peaceful solutions of international conflicts" and the Commission recommended that research be concentrated on armaments, their limitation and reduction, and arms control. The commission also recommended that SIPRI work is of "an applied research character directed towards practical-political questions
hich Ij ( fa, ايج, also Romanized as Īj; also known as Hich and Īch) is a village in Golabar Rural District, in the Central District of Ijrud County, Zanjan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also ...
should be carried on in a constant interchange with research of a more theoretical kind". SIPRI has built its reputation and standing on competence, professional skills, and the collection of hard data and precise facts, rendering accessible impartial information on weapon developments, arms transfers and production, military expenditure, as well as on arms limitations, reductions and disarmament. The task of the institute is to conduct "scientific research on questions of conflict and cooperation of importance for international peace and security with the aim of contributing to an understanding of the conditions for peaceful solution of international conflicts and for a stable peace". The Swedish Riksdag decided that the Institute be established on 1 July 1966 with the legal status of an independent foundation.


Organisation

SIPRI's organisation consists of a governing board, director, deputy director, research staff collegium and support staff. The governing board takes decisions on important matters concerning the research agenda, activities, organisation and financial administration of the institute. Other matters are decided by the director. The research staff collegium advises the Director on research matters. The staff of 84 employees is mainly international, with a representation of 27 different nationalities reported in 2021. The researchers are recruited for specific project periods and represent various academic disciplines. SIPRI also hosts guest researchers who work on issues related to research programmes as well as interns in relevant fields whose programmes of study can contribute to and benefit from SIPRI's research. The institute works in a global network, with partnerships and cooperation between other institutes and with individual scientists. SIPRI has close cooperation with many multilateral organisations, for example, the
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
and the
European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...
. SIPRI is frequently visited by government delegations, parliamentarians as well as researchers from the academic sphere. The institute keeps close connections with the diplomatic body in Stockholm.


Governing board

Current members of the Governing Board: *
Stefan Löfven Kjell Stefan Löfven (; officially ''Löfvén''; born 21 July 1957) is a Swedish politician who serves as the President of European Socialists since October 2022. He previously served as Prime Minister of Sweden from October 2014 to November 20 ...
(Sweden), former Prime Minister of Sweden, as of 1 June 2022, Chair of the SIPRI Governing Board * Dr Mohamed Ibn Chambas (Ghana), former Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for West Africa and Head of the UN Office for West Africa (UNOWAS) * Ambassador
Chan Heng Chee Chan Heng Chee (; born 19 April 1942) is a Singaporean academic and diplomat who has been serving as Ambassador-at-Large at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 2012, Chairwoman of the National Arts Council and Member of the Presidential C ...
(Singapore), Ambassador-at-Large, Singapore Ministry of Foreign Affairs *
Jean-Marie Guéhenno Jean-Marie Guéhenno (; born 30 October 1949 in Paris) is a former French diplomat. Guéhenno served as the United Nations' Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations from 2000 to August 2008. He was elected Chairman of the Henri Du ...
(France), Senior Advisor, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue and a member of the UN Secretary General High-Level Advisory Board on Mediation * Dan Smith (United Kingdom), Director, SIPRI * Patricia Lewis (United Kingdom/Ireland), Research Director, International Security at
Chatham House Chatham House, also known as the Royal Institute of International Affairs, is an independent policy institute headquartered in London. Its stated mission is to provide commentary on world events and offer solutions to global challenges. It is ...
*
Radha Kumar Radha Kumar is an Indian feminist, academic and author. Her work focuses on ethnic conflicts and peace processes from a strongly feminist perspective. Early life Kumar is the daughter of Lovraj Kumar, a former bureaucrat and member of the elite ...
(India), chair
United Nations University Council
*
Jessica Tuchman Mathews Jessica Tuchman Mathews (born July 4, 1946) is an American international affairs expert with a focus on climate and energy, defense and security, nuclear weapons, and conflict and governance. She was President of the Carnegie Endowment for Intern ...
(United States), Former President of
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) is a nonpartisan international affairs think tank headquartered in Washington D.C. with operations in Europe, South and East Asia, and the Middle East as well as the United States. Founded in ...
and current Distinguished Fellow * Feodor Voitolovsky (Russia), Director, Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Sciences Former Governing Board Chairpersons: *
Alva Myrdal Alva Myrdal ( , ; née Reimer; 31 January 1902 – 1 February 1986) was a Swedish sociologist, diplomat and politician. She was a prominent leader of the disarmament movement. She, along with Alfonso García Robles, received the Nobel Peace ...
(1966–67) *
Gunnar Myrdal Karl Gunnar Myrdal ( ; ; 6 December 1898 – 17 May 1987) was a Swedish economist and sociologist. In 1974, he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences along with Friedrich Hayek for "their pioneering work in the theory of money a ...
(1967–73) * Rolf Edberg (1974–78) *
Hans Blix Hans Martin Blix (; born 28 June 1928) is a Swedish diplomat and politician for the Liberal People's Party. He was Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs (1978–1979) and later became the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency. As suc ...
(1978) *
Karin Söder Karin Ann-Marie Söder (née Bergenfur; 30 November 1928 – 19 December 2015) was a Swedish Centre politician. She was the first woman in Sweden to be elected the leader of a major political party. She headed the Swedish Centre Party from 1985 ...
(1978–79) * Rolf Björnerstedt (1979–85) * Ernst Michanek (1985–87) * Inga Thorsson (1987–91) *
Daniel Tarschys Nils Daniel Tarschys (born July 21, 1943, Stockholm, Sweden), is a professor of political science at Stockholm University. Tarschys was born into an academic family. Both his parents taught in Swedish universities. He is married and has two daug ...
(1992–2000) * Rolf Ekeus (2000–10) *
Göran Lennmarker Rolf Göran Lennmarker (born 7 December 1943 in Norberg, Västmanland County) is a Swedish moderate politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians ...
(2010–14) * Sven-Olof Petersson (2014–2017) *
Jan Eliasson Jan Kenneth Eliasson (born 17 September 1940) is a Swedish diplomat who was Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations from July 2012 to December 2016. A member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party, Eliasson served as Minister for Forei ...
(2017–2022)


Director

The Director, who is appointed by the Swedish Government, has the main responsibility for SIPRI's work programme. Dr Bates Gill served as SIPRI Director from 2007 to 2012. In September 2012, the Swedish Government appointed the German economist Tilman Brück as his successor. Brück held the position of SIPRI Director from January 2013 to June 2014. In June 2014 the SIPRI Governing Board appointed Dr Ian Anthony as Director for an interim period. The current Director, Dan Smith, was appointed in September 2015. Former SIPRI Directors: *
Robert Neild Robert Ralph Neild (10 September 1924 – 18 December 2018) was a Professor of Economics at Cambridge University. Robert Neild was born in Hertfordshire in 1924, and was educated at Charterhouse School and Trinity College, Cambridge. Elected ...
(United Kingdom, 1967–71) *
Frank Barnaby Frank Charles Barnaby (27 September 1927 – 1 August 2020) was the Nuclear Issues Consultant to the Oxford Research Group, a freelance defence analyst, and a prolific author on military technology. He was based in the United Kingdom.
(United Kingdom, 1971–81) * Frank Blackaby (United Kingdom, 1981–86) * Walther Stützle (Germany, 1986–91) *
Adam Daniel Rotfeld Adam Daniel Rotfeld (Polish pronunciation: ; born 4 March 1938) is a Polish researcher, diplomat, and former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland from 5 January 2005 until 31 October 2005 when a change of government took place. He served ear ...
(Poland, 1991–2002) *
Alyson Bailes Alyson Judith Kirtley Bailes CMG (6 April 1949 – 29 April 2016) was a British diplomat, political scientist, academic and polymath. Early life Bailes was born on 6 April 1949 in Withington, Manchester. She was the eldest of three children of ...
(United Kingdom, 2002–07) *
Bates Gill Bates Gill (, ) is an expert on Chinese foreign policy and a former Director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Gill has a long record of research and publication on both international and regional security issues. ...
(United States, 2007–12) * Tilman Brück (Germany, 2013–14) * Ian Anthony (United Kingdom, interim 2014–15)


Research

Research is conducted at SIPRI by an international staff of about 46 researchers and research assistants. The institute's current research programme centres on the following major themes: * Armament and Disarmament * Conflict, Peace and Security * Peace and Development With the following research areas: * Arms and Military Expenditure * Chemical and biological weapons * Dual-use and Arms Trade Control * Emerging Military and Security Technologies * EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium * Weapons of mass destruction * Nuclear disarmament, Arms Control and Non-proliferation * Africa * Asia * Europe * Middle East and North Africa * Peace Operations and Conflict Management * Climate Change and Risk * Environment of Peace * Food, peace and security * Governance and Society * Peacebuilding and Resilience


Publications and information

SIPRI's publications and information material are distributed to a wide range of policy makers, researchers, journalists, organisations and the interested public. The results of the research are disseminated through the publication of books and reports by SIPRI and commissioned authors as well as through symposia and seminars. The institute has forged its profile by concentrating on present-day realities, providing unbiased facts to states and individuals. SIPRI's main publication, the SIPRI Yearbook, was first published on 12 November 1969. The Yearbook serves as a single authoritative and independent source to which politicians, diplomats and journalists can turn for an account of what has happened during the past year in armaments and arms control, armed conflicts and conflict resolution, security arrangements and disarmament. It is translated into a number of other languages, notably Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Ukrainian. The summary of the SIPRI Yearbook is available in several languages, including Catalan, Dutch, French, Italian, Korean,
Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
, Spanish and Swedish. SIPRI series: * SIPRI Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security * SIPRI Yearbook summary Yearbook in English and a number of other languages * Oxford University Press publications * SIPRI research papers and reports * SIPRI policy briefs, papers and reports * SIPRI fact sheets and background papers * SIPRI databases


SIPRI Databases

SIPRI's research projects maintain large databases on military expenditure, arms-producing industries, arms transfers, chemical and biological warfare, national and international export controls, arms control agreements, annual chronologies of major arms control events, military manoeuvres and nuclear explosions.


SIPRI Arms Transfers Database

Showing all international transfers of major conventional arms since 1950, The SIPRI Arms Transfers Database is the most extensive source of information on international arms transfers available to the public. The database is updated every spring and is useful for anyone seeking to monitor and measure the international flow of major conventional arms.


SIPRI Mapping ATT-Relevant Cooperation and Assistance Activities Database

The SIPRI Mapping ATT-relevant Cooperation and Assistance Activities Database covers cooperation and assistance activities in regards to arms transfer and small arms and light weapons (SALW) controls since 2012. The database supports state's implementation of two treaties – the 2001 UN Programme of Action on SALW and the 2013 Arms Trade Treaty.


SIPRI Arms Industry Database

The SIPRI Arms Industry Database reports on the top 100 largest arms-producing and military services companies.


SIPRI Multilateral Peace Operations Database

This database contains data on personnel, country contributions, fatalities and budgets for all multilateral peace operations from the year 2000 and onwards.


SIPRI Military Expenditure Database

The Military Expenditure Database reports on the annual military spending of most countries around the world.


Events and conferences

Within the fields of study, SIPRI arranges numerous workshops, conferences, seminars and lectures, bringing together an all-encompassing spectrum of expertise to exchange views on relevant themes. Among these events, the largest are the Stockholm Forum on Peace and Development, Stockholm Security Conference and SIPRI Lecture. The 2021 Stockholm Security Conference was held in a virtual format on the topic 'Battlefields of the Future: Trends of Conflict and Warfare in the 21st Century' and gathered over 870 global participants across 17 thematic sessions. In 2022, Stockholm Forum on Peace and Development was held in a hybrid format, convening over 2600 registrants from over 150 countries to live streamed high-level panels and online discussions on the theme of 'From a Human Security Crisis Towards an Environment of Peace'. The 2022 SIPRI Lecture was held on the theme of 'Environment of Peace' and was delivered by HE Helen Clark, former Prime Minister of New Zealand and Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme.


Finances

SIPRI's financial support is primarily drawn from governments and independent
philanthropic Philanthropy is a form of altruism that consists of "private initiatives, for the public good, focusing on quality of life". Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives, which are private initiatives for private good, focusing on material ...
organisations around the world. SIPRI also receives annual support from the Swedish government in the form of a core grant approved by the Swedish parliament.


See also


Peace research institutes

*
Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies The Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies (BICC), established in 1994, is a research institute located in Bonn, Germany. While the focus of BICC's work initially centered on the conversion of military facilities and equipment to civilian ...
*
Geneva International Peace Research Institute The Geneva International Peace Research Institute ( GIPRI, French: ''Institut international de recherches pour la paix à Genève'') is a non-governmental organisation based in Geneva. It was founded in 1980 and its aim is to understand wars i ...
* ''
Journal of Peace Research The ''Journal of Peace Research'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes scholarly articles and book reviews in the fields of peace and conflict studies, conflict resolution, and international security. It was established by J ...
'' *
Peace Research Institute Frankfurt The Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (acronym: PRIF, German: Leibniz-Institut Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, short HSFK) is a research institute in Frankfurt am Main focused on violent international and internal conflicts ...
*
Peace Research Institute Oslo The Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO; no, Institutt for fredsforskning) is a private research institution in peace and conflict studies, based in Oslo, Norway, with around 100 employees. It was founded in 1959 by a group of Norwegian researcher ...
*
Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research Tami Steinmetz Center For Peace Research was an academic research institution of Tel Aviv University was founded in 1992 and closed down in 2020 as the subject of peace was considered no longer relevant. The center was funded by Daniela and Daniel ...


Military budgets

*
List of countries by military expenditures This is a list of countries by military expenditure in a given year. Military expenditure figures are presented in United States dollars based on either constant or current exchange rates. Military expenditure, total ; Stockholm International P ...
*
United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the Organs of the United Nations, six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international security, international peace and security, recommending the admi ...
: *
Military budget of China The military budget of China is the portion of the overall budget of China that is allocated for the funding of the military of China. This military budget finances employee salaries and training costs, the maintenance of equipment and facilitie ...
*
Military budget of Russia The military budget of Russia is the portion of the overall budget of Russia that is allocated for the funding of the Russian Armed Forces. This military budget finances employee salaries and training costs, the maintenance of equipment and facili ...
*
Military budget of the United States The military budget is the largest portion of the discretionary United States federal budget allocated to the Department of Defense, or more broadly, the portion of the budget that goes to any military-related expenditures. The military budget ...


Notes and reference


External links

* {{authority control 1966 establishments in Sweden Organizations established in 1966 Organizations based in Stockholm International organizations based in Sweden Peace and conflict studies Research institutes in Sweden Research institutes of international relations Arms control Weapons trade