Stefano Delle Chiaie
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Stefano Delle Chiaie (13 September 1936,
Caserta Caserta () is the capital of the province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. It is an important agricultural, commercial, and industrial ''comune'' and city. Caserta is located on the edge of the Campanian plain at the foot of the Camp ...
– 10 September 2019,
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
) was an Italian
neo-fascist Neo-fascism is a post-World War II far-right ideology that includes significant elements of fascism. Neo-fascism usually includes ultranationalism, racial supremacy, populism, authoritarianism, nativism, xenophobia, and anti-immigration s ...
terrorist. He was the founder of ''Avanguardia Nazionale'', a member of '' Ordine Nuovo'', and founder of Lega nazionalpopolare. He went on to become a wanted man worldwide, suspected of involvement in Italy's strategy of tension, but was acquitted. He was a friend of
Licio Gelli Licio Gelli (; April 21, 1919 – December 15, 2015) was an Italian financier. A Fascist volunteer in his youth, he is chiefly known for his role in the Banco Ambrosiano scandal. He was revealed in 1981 as being the Venerable Master of the ...
, grandmaster of P2 masonic lodge. He was suspected of involvement in South America's
Operation Condor Operation Condor ( es, link=no, Operación Cóndor, also known as ''Plan Cóndor''; pt, Operação Condor) was a United States–backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of op ...
, but was acquitted. He was known by his nickname "il caccola" (Roman slang for "shorty" Christie, Stuart (1984)
''Stefano Delle Chiaie: Portrait of a Black Terrorist''.
London: Anarchy Magazine, in association with Refract Publications. .
) as he was five feet tall - although he stated that originally, the nickname came from his very young involvement, at age 14, in the
Italian Social Movement The Italian Social Movement ( it, Movimento Sociale Italiano, MSI) was a neo-fascist political party in Italy. A far-right party, it presented itself until the 1990s as the defender of Italian fascism's legacy, and later moved towards national ...
(MSI), a
neo-fascist Neo-fascism is a post-World War II far-right ideology that includes significant elements of fascism. Neo-fascism usually includes ultranationalism, racial supremacy, populism, authoritarianism, nativism, xenophobia, and anti-immigration s ...
political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology ...
established after the warChiaie, Stefano Delle; Grindr, Massimiliano; Berlenghini, Umberto (2012)
''L'aquila e il condor''.
Sperling & Kupfer Arnoldo Mondadori Editore () is the biggest publishing company in Italy. History The company was founded in 1907 in Ostiglia by 18-year-old Arnoldo Mondadori who began his publishing career with the publication of the magazine ''Luce!''. In 1 ...
.


Italy activity


Founder of ''Avanguardia Nazionale'' in 1960

Delle Chiaie began as member of the
Italian Social Movement The Italian Social Movement ( it, Movimento Sociale Italiano, MSI) was a neo-fascist political party in Italy. A far-right party, it presented itself until the 1990s as the defender of Italian fascism's legacy, and later moved towards national ...
(MSI), a
neo-fascist Neo-fascism is a post-World War II far-right ideology that includes significant elements of fascism. Neo-fascism usually includes ultranationalism, racial supremacy, populism, authoritarianism, nativism, xenophobia, and anti-immigration s ...
party. However he rejected the participation of the MSI in elections, preferring to take the battle to the streets. He left the MSI in 1958. After participating to the foundation of the ''Centri Studi Ordine Nuovo'' with members of the MSI, he created the small ''Gruppi di Azione Rivoluzionari'' (GAR) at the end of the 1950s. Involved in various political actions, such as protesting against
Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...
's visit to Italy or fighting against
Italian Communist Party The Italian Communist Party ( it, Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) was a communist political party in Italy. The PCI was founded as ''Communist Party of Italy'' on 21 January 1921 in Livorno by seceding from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). ...
members, he already maintained close international links, notably with the Austrian Konrad Windisch, leader of the neo-Nazi ''Kameradschaftsring Nationaler Jugendverbände'' (KNJ). He then formed, in 1960, the National Vanguard (''"Avanguardia Nazionale"'') as a street-fighting group. Around this time, he also became a member of the secret P2 Masonic Lodge. From 1962 to 1964 he was employed by the tasked with infiltrating in and breaking up left-wing demonstrations. In May 1974, Delle Chiaie’s last known forwarding address was discovered by investigators from the Portuguese Armed Forces Movement when they raided the Lisbon HQ of Aginter Press and its political wing, "Order and Tradition." The address was: Apartado 1682, El Salvador. Delle Chiaie soon became a close ally of
Junio Valerio Borghese Junio Valerio Scipione Ghezzo Marcantonio Maria Borghese (6 June 1906 – 26 August 1974), nicknamed The Black Prince, was an Italian Navy commander during the regime of Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party and a prominent hard-line Fascist ...
and was suspected with him in the ''
Golpe Borghese The ''Golpe Borghese'' (English: Borghese Coup) was a failed Italian ''coup d'état'' allegedly planned for the night of 7 or 8 December 1970. It was named after Junio Valerio Borghese, wartime commander of the Decima Flottiglia MAS and a her ...
'', but was acquitted because at the time he was in Barcelona. Delle Chiaie was arrested in
Caracas Caracas (, ), officially Santiago de León de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the ...
, Venezuela on 27 March 1987 and extradited to Italy to stand trial for his role in the ''
Strage di Piazza Fontana The Piazza Fontana bombing ( it, Strage di Piazza Fontana) was a terrorist attack that occurred on 12 December 1969 when a bomb exploded at the headquarters of Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura (the National Agricultural Bank) in Piazza Fonta ...
'' bombing of Milan on 12 December 1969, when 17 people were killed and 88 wounded. Delle Chiaie was acquitted by the Assize Court in
Catanzaro Catanzaro (, or ; scn, label= Catanzarese, Catanzaru ; , or , ''Katastaríoi Lokrói''; ; la, Catacium), also known as the "City of the two Seas", is an Italian city of 86,183 inhabitants (2020), the capital of the Calabria region and of its p ...
in 1989, along with fellow accused Massimiliano Fachini. On 20 February 1989 he was declared not guilty. On 5 July 1991 on appeal was acquitted for the case and for participation to subversive association. He was also charged with subversive association in relationship to the 1980 Bologna railway station bombing, but was acquitted on appeals.


Founder of ''Lega Nazionalpopolare'' 1991

In October 1991 he founded ''Lega Nazionalpopolare''. The movement had limited success at the national parliamentary election 1992 in Italy.


Activity in France

Delle Chiaie started a neo-fascist transnational magazine entitled ''
Confidentiel ''Confidentiel'' was a far-right magazine which existed between 1979 and 1981. Although it was based in Paris, France, it was also published in different countries: Spain, Italy and Argentina. The magazine is known for its founder, Italian far-ri ...
'' in Paris, France, in 1979. The magazine was also published in Italy, Spain and France and folded in 1981.


Activity in South America

Delle Chiaie was described by the
CIA The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, ...
as being the most wanted rightist terrorist in 1983, was suspected of a lot of irregular activity, but was always acquitted on appeal. In the course of his activities, Delle Chiaie was also known by a number of aliases, including ''Er Caccola'', ''Alfa'', ''Topigigio'' and ''Alfredo Di Stéfano'', after the celebrated footballer of the same name. Delle Chiaie has since spent most of his time working in Latin America. Delle Chiaie took part in
Yves Guérin-Sérac Yves Guérin-Sérac, born Yves Guillou (also known as Jean-Robert de Guernadec or Ralf; 2 December 1926 – 9 March 2022) was a French anti-Communist Roman Catholic activist, former officer of the French army and veteran of the First Indochina Wa ...
's "
Aginter Press Aginter Press, also known under the name Central Order and Tradition ( pt, Ordem Central e Tradição), was an international anti-communist mercenary organization disguised as a pseudo-press agency and active between 1966 and 1974. Founded in Lisb ...
" founded in
António de Oliveira Salazar António de Oliveira Salazar (, , ; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese dictator who served as President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 to 1968. Having come to power under the ("National Dictatorship"), he reframed the re ...
's
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
in 1965. As cited in ''The Fourth Reich: Klaus Barbie and the Neo-Fascist Connection'', by
Magnus Linklater Magnus Duncan Linklater, CBE (born 21 February 1942) is a Scottish journalist, writer, and former newspaper editor. Early life and education Linklater was born in Orkney, and is the son of Scottish writer Eric Linklater and arts campaigner Marjo ...
,
Isabel Hilton Isabel Nancy Hilton OBE (born 25 November 1949) is a Scottish journalist and broadcaster based in London. Early life Hilton was educated at Edinburgh University, where she studied Chinese to post-graduate level. As Secretary of the entir ...
, and
Neal Ascherson Charles Neal Ascherson (born 5 October 1932) is a Scottish journalist and writer. He has been described by Radio Prague as "one of Britain's leading experts on central and eastern Europe". Ascherson is the author of several books on the history ...
, Delle Chiaie was one of the orchestrators of the " Cocaine Coup" in Bolivia, along with the German war criminal
Klaus Barbie Nikolaus "Klaus" Barbie (25 October 1913 – 25 September 1991) was a German operative of the SS and SD who worked in Vichy France during World War II. He became known as the "Butcher of Lyon" for having personally tortured prisoners—primar ...
, that brought General
Luis García Meza Luis García Meza Tejada (8 August 1929 – 29 April 2018) was a Bolivian general who served as the ''de facto'' 57th president of Bolivia from 1980 to 1981. He was a dictator convicted of human rights violations and leader of a violent coup. ...
to power in the early 1980s. His international activities started early. He first took part in Yves Guérin-Sérac's "
Aginter Press Aginter Press, also known under the name Central Order and Tradition ( pt, Ordem Central e Tradição), was an international anti-communist mercenary organization disguised as a pseudo-press agency and active between 1966 and 1974. Founded in Lisb ...
", founded in Salazar's
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
in 1965. After assisting
Borghese The House of Borghese is a princely family of Italian noble and papal background, originating as the Borghese or Borghesi in Siena, where they came to prominence in the 13th century and held offices under the ''commune''. During the 16th century, ...
during his 1970 attempted coup in Italy, he escaped to Franquist Spain — as would
Vincenzo Vinciguerra Vincenzo Vinciguerra (born 3 January 1949) is an Italian neo-fascist activist, a former member of the ''Avanguardia Nazionale'' ("National Vanguard") and '' Ordine Nuovo'' ("New Order"). He is currently serving a life-sentence for the murder of thr ...
— and met with future members of the GAL paramilitary group. He was then present at the Ezeiza massacre in
Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
on 20 June 1973,Sorin, Sergio (Feb. 4, 1999)
"Las Relaciones Secretas Entre Pinochet, Franco y la P2: Conspiración Para Matar."
''
Nizkor Project The Nizkor Project ( he, נִזְכּוֹר, "we will remember") is an Internet-based project run by B'nai Brith Canada which is dedicated to countering Holocaust denial. About the project The website was founded by Ken McVay as a central ...
''.
and then met with US-born DINA agent
Michael Townley Michael Vernon Townley (born December 5, 1942, in Waterloo, Iowa) is an American-born former agent of the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA), the secret police of Chile during the regime of Augusto Pinochet. In 1978, Townley pled guilty t ...
in 1975 to prepare Chilean Christian Democrat
Bernardo Leighton Bernardo Leighton Guzmán (August 16, 1909, Negrete, Bío Bío Province – January 26, 1995, Santiago) was a Chilean Christian Democratic Party politician and lawyer. He served as minister of state under three presidents over a 36-year care ...
's failed assassination. In 1976, he participated in the
Montejurra Incidents The Montejurra incidents, was a Neofascist terrorism in Spain, neo-fascist terrorist attack that took place on May 9, 1976, when two Carlist members were killed and another three seriously wounded by right-wing gunmen at the annual Carlist Party ( ...
against left-wing
Carlist Carlism ( eu, Karlismo; ca, Carlisme; ; ) is a Traditionalist and Legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the Bourbon dynasty – one descended from Don Carlos, Count of Molina (1788–1855) – ...
s in Spain, before leaving for Latin America. In South America, he took part in the 'Cocaine Coup' of
Luis García Meza Tejada Luis is a given name. It is the Spanish form of the originally Germanic name or . Other Iberian Romance languages have comparable forms: (with an accent mark on the i) in Portuguese and Galician, in Aragonese and Catalan, while is archai ...
, when a notoriously corrupt military regime forced its way to power in Bolivia in 1980, with assistance from the Argentine
SIDE Side or Sides may refer to: Geometry * Edge (geometry) of a polygon (two-dimensional shape) * Face (geometry) of a polyhedron (three-dimensional shape) Places * Side (Ainis), a town of Ainis, ancient Thessaly, Greece * Side (Caria), a town of an ...
which had been called on for 70 foreign agents. He later worked for the new government in training its soldiers. Delle Chiaie later declared in a 1983 interview to a Spanish reporter:
I was decided to give my hand to the creation of an international revolutionary movement... Therefore, when the opportunity of a national revolution appeared in Bolivia, we were there to shoulder our comrades. We were neither repressors nor
narco-terrorist Narcoterrorism, in its original context, is understood to refer to the attempts of narcotics traffickers to influence the policies of a government or a society through violence and intimidation, and to hinder the enforcement of anti-drug laws by t ...
s, but political militants.Hearing of Stefano Delle Chiaie on 22 July 1997 before the Italian Parliamentary Commission on Terrorism
Headed by Senator Giovanni Pellegrino.
Judge
Baltazar Garzón Balthazar, or variant spellings, may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Balthazar'' (novel), by Lawrence Durrell, 1958 * ''Balthasar'', an 1889 book by Anatole France * ''Professor Balthazar'', a Croatian animated TV series, 1967-1978 ...
's investigations demonstrated that he had worked both for
Pinochet Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (, , , ; 25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean general who ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990, first as the leader of the Military Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1981, being declared President of ...
's political police, the DINA, for the
Argentine Anticommunist Alliance The Argentine Anticommunist Alliance ( es, Alianza Anticomunista Argentina, links=no, usually known as Triple A or AAA) was an Argentine Peronist political action group operated by a sector of the Federal Police and the Argentine Armed Forces, ...
(Triple A) and for
Hugo Banzer Hugo Banzer Suárez (; 10 May 1926 – 5 May 2002) was a Bolivian politician and military officer who served as the 51st president of Bolivia. He held the Bolivian presidency twice: from 1971 to 1978 in a military dictatorship; and then a ...
's dictatorship in Bolivia. Delle Chiaie had met in Madrid with Pinochet during
Franco Franco may refer to: Name * Franco (name) * Francisco Franco (1892–1975), Spanish general and dictator of Spain from 1939 to 1975 * Franco Luambo (1938–1989), Congolese musician, the "Grand Maître" Prefix * Franco, a prefix used when ref ...
's funeral in 1975, beginning his involvement with the Chilean regime and his part in
Operation Condor Operation Condor ( es, link=no, Operación Cóndor, also known as ''Plan Cóndor''; pt, Operação Condor) was a United States–backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of op ...
. According to lawyer Alun Jones, representative of the Spanish justice during Spain's request to Great Britain for the extradition of Augusto Pinochet, Pinochet met with Delle Chiaie in Madrid to plan an attack against Carlos Altamirano, the leader of the
Chilean Socialist Party The Socialist Party of Chile ( es, Partido Socialista de Chile, or PS) is a centre-left political party founded in 1933. Its historic leader was President of Chile Salvador Allende, who was deposed in a CIA-backed coup d'état by General Augusto ...
. The plan failed, either because of Altamirano's awareness and personal caution, or because some intelligence agency — it is not known from which country — may have made him aware of the threats on his personal life. According to ''
Le Monde diplomatique ''Le Monde diplomatique'' (meaning "The Diplomatic World" in French) is a French monthly newspaper offering analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs. The publication is owned by Le Monde diplomatique SA, a subsidiary com ...
'', Delle Chiaie met with
Abdullah Çatlı Abdullah Çatlı (1 June 1956 – 3 November 1996) was a Turkish secret government agent, as well as a contract killer for the National Intelligence Organization (MİT). He led the Grey Wolves, the youth branch of the Nationalist Movement Party ...
in Latin America and during a visit of the Turkish "
Grey Wolves The wolf (''Canis lupus''; : wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of ''Canis lupus'' have been recognized, and gray wolves, as popularly u ...
" member in Miami in September 1982. Abdullah Çatlı "is reckoned to have been one of the main perpetrators of underground operations carried out by the Turkish branch of the
Gladio Operation Gladio is the codename for clandestine "stay-behind" operations of armed resistance that were organized by the Western Union (WU), and subsequently by NATO and the CIA, in collaboration with several European intelligence agencies during ...
organisation and had played a key role in the bloody events of the period 1976-80 which paved the way for the military coup d'état of September 1980. During a 1997 hearing before the Commission on terrorism headed by senator
Giovanni Pellegrino Giovanni Pellegrino (born 5 January 1939 in Lecce) is an Italian politician. Born in Lecce and a lawyer by profession, he was a Senator of the Republic from 1990 with the Italian Communist Party and the Democrats of the Left to 2001. He also pr ...
, Stefano Delle Chiaie went on speaking about a "black fascist International" and his hopes of creating the conditions of an "international revolution." He talked about the World Anticommunist League, but said that after attending a meeting in Paraguay, he left it. He claimed that the latter was a front for the CIA. He only admitted having taken part in the
New European Order The New European Order (NEO) was a neo-fascist, Europe-wide alliance set up in 1951 to promote pan-European nationalism. The NEO, led by René Binet and Gaston-Armand Amaudruz, was a more radical splinter group that broke away from the European S ...
(NOE) organization, and denied having worked with the International Anticommunist Alliance around 1974. According to CIA documents, in Madrid, Delle Chiaie also met with
Michael Townley Michael Vernon Townley (born December 5, 1942, in Waterloo, Iowa) is an American-born former agent of the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA), the secret police of Chile during the regime of Augusto Pinochet. In 1978, Townley pled guilty t ...
, a DINA agent, and
Virgilio Paz Romero Virgilio Pablo Paz Romero (born November 20, 1951) is a Cuban exile and militant who was involved in the 1976 assassination of former Chilean ambassador Orlando Letelier in Washington, D.C. Paz Romero was one of two people accused of detonating a ...
, a Cuban based in Miami, with connections in Chile, to prepare, with the help of Franco's secret police, the murder of
Bernardo Leighton Bernardo Leighton Guzmán (August 16, 1909, Negrete, Bío Bío Province – January 26, 1995, Santiago) was a Chilean Christian Democratic Party politician and lawyer. He served as minister of state under three presidents over a 36-year care ...
, a Chilean Christian Democrat. On 6 October 1975 Leighton and his wife were severely injured by gunshots while in exile in Rome. Delle Chiaie, along with fellow neo-fascist
Vincenzo Vinciguerra Vincenzo Vinciguerra (born 3 January 1949) is an Italian neo-fascist activist, a former member of the ''Avanguardia Nazionale'' ("National Vanguard") and '' Ordine Nuovo'' ("New Order"). He is currently serving a life-sentence for the murder of thr ...
, also testified in Rome in December 1995 before judge
María Servini de Cubría Maria may refer to: People * Mary, mother of Jesus * Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages Place names Extraterrestrial *170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877 *Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, da ...
that
Enrique Arancibia Clavel Enrique Arancibia Clavel (13 October 1944 – 28 April 2011) was a Chilean DINA security service agent who assassinated General Carlos Prats and his wife in 1974. General Prats, who had been commander-in-chief of the armed forces during th ...
(a former Chilean secret police agent prosecuted for
crimes against humanity Crimes against humanity are widespread or systemic acts committed by or on behalf of a ''de facto'' authority, usually a state, that grossly violate human rights. Unlike war crimes, crimes against humanity do not have to take place within the ...
in 2004 Gotkine, Elliot (Aug. 24, 2004)
"Vital Rights Ruling in Argentina."
''
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
''. ) and
Michael Townley Michael Vernon Townley (born December 5, 1942, in Waterloo, Iowa) is an American-born former agent of the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA), the secret police of Chile during the regime of Augusto Pinochet. In 1978, Townley pled guilty t ...
were directly involved in this assassination.Calloni, Stella (May 22, 2000)
"Arancibia, 'Clave' en la Cooperación de las Dictaduras"
''
La Jornada ''La Jornada'' (''The Working Day'') is one of Mexico City's leading daily newspapers. It was established in 1984 by Carlos Payán Velver. The current editor ''(directora general)'' is Carmen Lira Saade. ''La Jornada'' has presence in eight sta ...
''.
Michael Townley has claimed that DINA agent
Enrique Arancibia Clavel Enrique Arancibia Clavel (13 October 1944 – 28 April 2011) was a Chilean DINA security service agent who assassinated General Carlos Prats and his wife in 1974. General Prats, who had been commander-in-chief of the armed forces during th ...
, convicted in Argentina for the 1974 assassination of General
Carlos Prats Carlos Prats González (; February 24, 1915 – September 30, 1974) was a Chilean Army officer and politician. He served as a minister in Salvador Allende's government while Commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army. Immediately after General August ...
, had traveled to California in the autumn of 1977 on banking business for ALFA, alias Stefano Delle Chiaie.Declassified documents #2 and #6.
''
National Security Archive The National Security Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-governmental, non-profit research and archival institution located on the campus of the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1985 to check rising government secrecy. The Nat ...
''.


See also

*
Operation Gladio Operation Gladio is the codename for clandestine "stay-behind" operations of armed resistance that were organized by the Western Union (alliance), Western Union (WU), and subsequently by NATO and the CIA, in collaboration with several European Int ...
*
Years of Lead (Italy) , partof = the Cold War , image = Stragedibologna-2.jpg , image_size = 300px , caption = Aftermath of the bombing at the Bologna railway station in August 1980 which killed 85 people, the deadliest eve ...
*
Yves Guérin-Sérac Yves Guérin-Sérac, born Yves Guillou (also known as Jean-Robert de Guernadec or Ralf; 2 December 1926 – 9 March 2022) was a French anti-Communist Roman Catholic activist, former officer of the French army and veteran of the First Indochina Wa ...
*
Armed, far-right organizations in Italy In Italy, after the Second World War, many armed, paramilitary, far-right organizations were active, as well as far-left ones. Background The attempt to endorse the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement (MSI) by the Tambroni Cabinet, in 1960, l ...


References

Citations Bibliography * Chiaie, Stefano Delle; Griner, Massimiliano; Berlenghini, Umberto (2012)
''L'aquila e il Condor''
Sperling & Kupfer editori. * Christie, Stuart (1984)
''Stefano Delle Chiaie: Portrait of a Black Terrorist''.
London: Anarchy Magazine, in association with Refract Publications. . * González Calleja, Eduardo (Apr. 2017)
“Entre dos continentes. Estrategia de la tensión desde la ultraderecha latinoamericana a la europea.”
''Tiempo Devorado'', vol. 4, no. 1. pp. 166–227. .


External links


Stefano Della Chiaie
at
IMDb IMDb (an abbreviation of Internet Movie Database) is an online database of information related to films, television series, home videos, video games, and streaming content online – including cast, production crew and personal biographies, ...
* Barbato, Andrea (Jul. 24, 1998)
"I segreti del 'er caccola' Stefano Delle Chiaie."
{{DEFAULTSORT:Delle Chiaie, Stefano 1936 births 2019 deaths People from Caserta Italian neo-fascists Italian Social Movement politicians 20th-century Italian politicians Operatives of Operation Condor Italian anti-communists People charged with terrorism Years of Lead (Italy)