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HSE University (russian: link=no, «Высшая школа экономики», ВШЭ), officially the National Research University Higher School of Economics (russian: link=no, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики») is a public research university founded in 1992 and headquartered in Moscow, Russia. Along with its main campus located in the capital, the university maintains three other regional campuses in Nizhny Novgorod, Perm and Saint Petersburg. There is also the Lyceum at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow. Widely regarded among the most prestigious universities in Russia and the
CIS Cis or cis- may refer to: Places * Cis, Trentino, in Italy * In Poland: ** Cis, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central ** Cis, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, north Math, science and biology * cis (mathematics) (cis(''θ'')), a trigonome ...
, it acquired the status of "national research university" in 2009. HSE was the first educational institution in Russia to successfully introduce
Bachelor's A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin ''baccalaureus'') or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin ''baccalaureatus'') is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to six ye ...
and Master's degrees, having also taken part in the development and implementation of the Unified State Exam to modernize education and health care systems of Russia. Starting from 2013, HSE University has also participated in the Project 5-100 (the project was initiated by the Ministry of Education and Science to promote at least five Russian universities to the top 100 universities according to Times Higher Education World University Rankings, QS World University Rankings, and
Academic Ranking of World Universities The ''Academic Ranking of World Universities'' (''ARWU''), also known as the Shanghai Ranking, is one of the annual publications of world university rankings. The league table was originally compiled and issued by Shanghai Jiao Tong University ...
). In 2022 it was ranked #568 in Best Global Universities by '' U.S. News & World Report'', and #881 by
Center for World University Rankings College and university rankings order the best institutions in higher education based on factors that vary depending on the ranking. Some rankings evaluate institutions within a single country, while others assess institutions worldwide. Rankings ...
, and in 2020 it was ranked in the #801-900 group in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), also known as the Shanghai Ranking.Best Global Universities. HSE
USNews
HSE offers education at all levels – from a lyceum for school students to post-graduate and MBA programmes. Students can pursue training in a number of fields, including the social sciences, economics, humanities, law, engineering, computer science, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and biotechnology, as well as in creative disciplines. HSE is the only university in Russia that is ranked in top 100 of the Times Higher Education Young University Rankings. Furthermore, university representatives are part of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation and the Expert Council under the
Government of Russia The Government of Russia exercises executive power in the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russia ...
.


Administration

HSE University was established on 27 November 1992 by a decree from the Russian government. Since then, the university has been administered by a permanent rector
Yaroslav Kuzminov Yaroslav Kuzminov is a Russian economist. He was the rector of the Higher School of Economics HSE University (russian: link=no, «Высшая школа экономики», ВШЭ), officially the National Research University Higher School ...
who also participated in the founding of the university. In July 2021, Yaroslav Kuzminov resigned. became the new rector. Kuzminov was elected to the post of Academic Supervisor, which Yevgeny Yasin left for health reasons. Prior to that, former Minister of Economics Yevgeny Yasin held the position of Academic Supervisor and represented the university in other academic organizations, while the university President
Alexander Shokhin Alexander Nikolayevich Shokhin (russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Шо́хин; born December 25, 1951) is a Russian state, political and public figure and a Member of the Bureau of the Supreme Council of the party United Russia ...
represented it in its interactions with governmental bodies. Economists , , and Alexander Shamrin have filled the positions of vice-rectors at HSE. Members of various university councils include Russian politician
Sergey Kiriyenko Sergey Vladilenovich Kiriyenko (''né'' ''Izraitel''; russian: Серге́й Владиле́нович Кирие́нко; born 26 July 1962) is a Russian politician who has served as First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administra ...
,
Chairman of the State Duma The Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (russian: Председатель Государственной Думы Федерального собрания Российской Федерации), also c ...
Vyacheslav Volodin Vyacheslav Viktorovich Volodin (russian: Вячеслав Викторович Володин; born 4 February 1964) is a Russian politician who currently serves as the 10th Chairman of the State Duma (since 5 October 2016). He is a former ai ...
, the founder of " Sberbank" Herman Gref, the president of
Renova Group Renova may refer to: Cities, towns, townships etc. *Renova, Mississippi *Renova: an unincorporated settlement in Dexter Township, Minnesota Brand names * Renova (brand), a Portuguese paper products company * Trade name of tretinoin, a treatment ...
Viktor Vekselberg, Russian billionaire technology entrepreneur Arkady Volozh, Chairman of the management board of Otkritie FC Bank Mikhail Mikhailovich Zadornov, a major shareholder of the Russian gas company Novatek
Leonid Mikhelson Leonid Viktorovich Mikhelson (russian: Леони́д Ви́кторович Михельсо́н; born 11 August 1955) is a Russian billionaire businessman, CEO, chairman and major shareholder of the Russian gas company Novatek. After the collap ...
, philanthropist Vadim Moshkovich, as well as the businessman and political activist
Mikhail Prokhorov Mikhail Dmitrievich Prokhorov ( rus, Михаил Дмитриевич Прохоров, p=mʲɪxɐˈil ˈdmʲitrʲɪjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈproxərəf; born 3 May 1965) is a Russian-Israeli oligarch, politician, and former owner of the Brooklyn Nets. I ...
.


History


Prerequisites for establishment

At the beginning of the 1990s, the state of education in the fields of economics and social science was poorly developed in Russian universities. One of the main causes of this state of affairs was the legacy of the
communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
system, a system that had led to the exile of many intellectuals, the absence of which would later end up limiting advancement in several academic fields of research. The transition from a centrally based economy to a
market economy A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand, where all suppliers and consumers ...
started in the USSR in the 1980s. Consequently, in 1992, Gaidar's government initiated a number of that drastically increased the need for specialists familiar with the contemporary
world economy The world economy or global economy is the economy of all humans of the world, referring to the global economic system, which includes all economic activities which are conducted both within and between nations, including production, consumption, ...
to conduct analysis and run predictions. In 1992, the government enacted a law authorizing the creation of private universities. At that time, in Russia, 33 state universities specialized in sociology and economy. Reforming the existing conservative universities, including the Moscow State University, seemed like an ineffective solution. Thus, the government approved the idea to establish a new university with research priorities in socio-economic sciences.


Establishment and formation

In many ways, HSE University was founded by the efforts of Yaroslav Kuzminov and Yevgeny Yasin. By the beginning of the 1990s, both of them taught economics at the Moscow State University wherein 1989 Kuzminov founded "alternative" (or non-communist) Department of Economics sponsored by the Soros Foundation. In 1991, together with economists Oleg Ananin and , Kuzminov and Yasin prepared a grant application for the European Union. The proposed project was drawn up for 100 million euro that aimed to provide "technical assistance in the field of economic education". The proposed project included about 30 projects, including the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy. On 27 November 1992, Gaidar signed the government decree "On creation of the Higher School of Economics" (it was his last decree as the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation). HSE founders noted that they intentionally avoided the term "university" and instead choose "school" referring to the London School of Economics. The European Union and the
Government of France The Government of France ( French: ''Gouvernement français''), officially the Government of the French Republic (''Gouvernement de la République française'' ), exercises executive power in France. It is composed of the Prime Minister, who ...
immediately sponsored the project. Therefore, HSE University sent its scholars to study in the Netherlands and invited professors from the Sorbonne University and Erasmus Programme. The missing library was offset by a rapidly created online resource system with training materials. Since the university deliberately avoided state education programs, it focused on translation of advanced foreign textbooks which formed the basis of education programs. University experts consulted with the government on socio-economic reforms, jurisprudence, and political science. For example, at the beginning of the 2000s, Kuzminov and Yasin participated in the creation of the "" – social and economic development program initiated by German Gref and aimed at forming foundation for government policy.


Education system; rankings

In 2022 it was ranked #568 in Best Global Universities by '' U.S. News & World Report'', and #881 by
Center for World University Rankings College and university rankings order the best institutions in higher education based on factors that vary depending on the ranking. Some rankings evaluate institutions within a single country, while others assess institutions worldwide. Rankings ...
, and in 2020 it was ranked in the #801-900 group in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), also known as the Shanghai Ranking. In September 1993, HSE University became the first university that introduced the Bologna education system in Russia. Thus, when Russia joined the Bologna Process in 1998, the Higher School of Economics already had certified graduates from the program – the first Master's graduation happened in 1995, while the Bachelor's took place the next year. In 1997, HSE University and the London School of Economics (LSE) signed the agreement on establishing The International College of Economics and Finance (ICEF), that was later renamed to "International Institute of Economics and Finance". According to the regulations of the University of London, starting from the second year, students take classes in English. Upon the successful completion of requirements, they receive a double diploma issued by the University of London and the Higher School of Economics. In 2001, the Ministry of Education initiated the project of the Unified State Exam (USE) which was developed together with the specialists from HSE. The USE is a series of exams that students must pass after graduating from school to apply to a university or professional college. Since 2009, the USE is the only form of graduation examination in schools. HSE was the first university in Russia to accept USE results as a main criteria for students enrolling. Thus, the university was able to set a high threshold and admit the most talented students from all over Russia. In 2004, the first Academic Foundation was established to support university research and promote academic activities. A year later a group of research laboratories was opened and in 2006 HSE launched the Center for Fundamental Research to coordinate university research including government orders. The first international laboratories affiliated with the university were launched in 2010–2011. By the beginning of the 2000s, universities in Russia were deprived of full state support and were forced to attract funds and investors on their own. At that time, HSE was already an influential think tank with more than 20% of its income earned by performing custom research. Besides the USE, HSE experts worked on administrative reforms and on "The Digital Russia Program". In August 2008, HSE University became directly subordinated to the Russian government with which it was working closely for the previous five years. Under the instructions of the President, the university initiated the development of the "Strategy 2020" program.


Recent years

Starting from the 2010s, the Ministry of Education initiated the process of university mergers. Consequently, the
Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, MIEM (russian: Московский институт электроники и математики НИУ ВШЭ, МИЭМ; also occasionally referred to as ''Moscow Institute of Electronic Enginee ...
was included into the administrative structure of the Higher School of Economics. Additionally in 2011, the HSE Lyceum was founded for high school students. The university would go on to open several more faculties, including: The Faculty of Communication, Media, and Design, Philology, and in 2014 (with support of the Yandex group) – the Faculty of Computer Science. The first admission to the Faculty of Physics took place in 2017. In 2018, the university opened the faculties of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology. In recent years (2019–2020) the heads of various faculties in agreement with each other decided to start the company of renaming their faculties. The corresponding decision was made by the HSE Academic Council as part of the HSE development programs for 2030, aimed at further increasing the university's global competitiveness. The main reason for doing so is that originally HSE was primarily focused on Economic studies, but with constant rapid development a lot of new branches appeared. Thus, instead of Higher School of Economics Faculty of Management it will be named "Higher School of Business". In 2010, a bronze bust of Yegor Gaidar was put up by private donations of the faculty in the university building . In 2018, the rector of Higher School of Economics, Yaroslav Kuzminov, announced that all lectures will switch to on-line format in 2020s Kuzminov claims that traditional classes are ineffective - they are visited by only 15-17% of students. Instead of them, professeurs will create their own distant courses and interact with the audience in the distant format. The university believes, that this measure will help to increase the engagement of students into the education process. Despite actively working for the government on various projects, the university had, until recently, positioned itself as a politically independent actor. Consequently, there have been incidents in the history of the university that caused public outcry. For instance, during the anti-government protests of 2009, many university students and lecturers attended rallies. After that, the HSE administration received a request from the Moscow police to expel students and to fire professors that took part in anti-government activities. However, the university refused to take the requested action elaborating on its decision with the phrase: “they tudents and professorsare not forbidden from participating in politics". In March 2011, the university organized debates on the between Russian oppositionist
Alexei Navalny Alexei Anatolievich Navalny ( rus, links=no, Алексей Анатольевич Навальный, , ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej ɐnɐˈtolʲjɪvʲɪtɕ nɐˈvalʲnɨj; born 4 June 1976) is a Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia, Russian opposition ...
and rector Kuzminov. Representatives of the Ministry of Economic Development were also present at the event. In 2018–20, there were several incidents related to the "V Tochku" university talk show. For instance, after the press secretary for the President of Russia Dmitry Peskov gave a talk at the show discussing Navalny and some aspects of contemporary Russian state discourse, the recording of the speech was not published on the website as it usually happened with other talks. However, its full transcription was published on the BBC website. The Department of Media and Communications apologized to students who publicly protested against the case, calling it a manifestation of censorship. In the recent years, the HSE has tried to distance itself from any political affiliations which was especially evident in the case of
Yegor Zhukov Yegor Sergeevich Zhukov (russian: Егор Сергеевич Жуков; born 28 July 1998) is a Russian radio host, blogger and politician. Biography Born on 28 July 1998, Zhukov is a student and tutor at the Higher School of Economics. He pr ...
, who was sentenced to three years of probation for unauthorized rioting against corruption among Moscow authorities. Nikita Yuryevich Anisimov,
Rector Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to: Style or title *Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations *Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...
of the university, was suspended by the
European University Association The European University Association (EUA) represents more than 800 institutions of higher education in 48 countries, providing them with a forum for cooperation and exchange of information on higher education and research policies. Members of th ...
(EUA) following support for the
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...
by the Russian Union of Rectors (RUR) in March 2022, for being "diametrically opposed to the European values that they committed to when joining EUA”. In response to the Russian invasion, in March 2022 the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, the
Fletcher School The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy is the graduate school of international affairs of Tufts University, in Medford, Massachusetts. The School is one of America's oldest graduate schools of international relations and is well-ranked in its ...
at Tufts University, School of Slavonic and East European Studies at UCL, and Australian National University suspended their relationships with the university.


Campuses


Nizhny Novgorod

The first regional campus was opened in Nizhny Novgorod in 1996. As of 2018, the campus had a population of 2700 students and 320 faculty. In terms of quality of budgetary admission, it ranks first among the universities in Nizhny Novgorod and takes the 19th position in the Russian ratings on the quality of education.


Saint Petersburg

The campus in Saint Petersburg was founded in 1997. As of 2018, the university in Saint Petersburg ranked third among the socio-economic universities of Russia and second in the city by rating of the average USE admission score of its entrants. As of 2019, the campus has a population of 5500 students and 485 faculty.


Perm

The third regional campus in Perm was also established in 1997. As of 2018, the university had around 2000 students and 120 faculty, and was rated 29th position in the Russian ranking on the quality of enrollment. In 2017, the Bachelor's program "Business informatics" took the fourth position in the same ranking). The campus collaborates with University of Essex and
University of Évry Val d'Essonne The Université d'Évry Val-d'Essonne (''Université d'Évry Val-d'Essonne'' or UEVE) is a French public university located in Évry-Courcouronnes, Île-de-France, and is one of the founding members of Paris-Saclay University. The UEVE is expecte ...
to offer joint double-degrees with these institutions.


Budget and real estate

In 2018, the university income amounted to 17.76 billion rubles (as of January 2020 this amounts to approximately 259,405,579 euros). The main sources of financing are state funds, private education services, fundamental and applied research, grants, donations, and others support. Applied research commissioned by government agencies, private companies or international organizations constitute up to 40% of the university's income. Among regular clients are the Ministry of Education, the , the Ministry of Economic Development,
Rosneft PJSC Rosneft Oil Company ( stylized as ROSNEFT) is a Russian Vertical integration, integrated energy company headquartered in Moscow. Rosneft specializes in the exploration, Extraction of petroleum, extraction, production, refining, Petroleum t ...
,
Aeroflot PJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines (russian: ПАО "Аэрофло́т — Росси́йские авиали́нии", ), commonly known as Aeroflot ( or ; russian: Аэрофлот, , ), is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Russia. The ...
,
Gazprom PJSC Gazprom ( rus, Газпром, , ɡɐzˈprom) is a Russian majority state-owned multinational energy corporation headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg. As of 2019, with sales over $120 billion, it was ranked as the larges ...
, Russian Railways. In one academic year, the university completes on average around 300 projects. Other sources of support come from state subsidies and scientific grants, including international programs. For instance, for the Russian Academic Excellence Project alone, the state granted 950 million rubles (as of January 2020, this amounts to approximately 13,874,037 euro). In 2007, HSE University co-founders established the HSE
financial endowment A financial endowment is a legal structure for managing, and in many cases indefinitely perpetuating, a pool of financial, real estate, or other investments for a specific purpose according to the will of its founders and donors. Endowments are o ...
– the nonprofit organization that accepts donations on behalf of the university and invests the received funds. The profit goes to the development of university projects. As of December 2018, the size of the endowment fund was 742.5 million rubles (as of January 2020, this amounts to approximately 10,845,942 euros).


Activity


Education

In 1996, the Higher School of Economics received the status of a State university. Along with the focus on economics, the university emphasized mathematics. By 1999, the Faculty of Law, School of Public Administration, Schools of Political and Social Science had been launched. In 2002, in addition to already existing faculties, the university initiated programs focusing on business and political journalism, psychology, and business informatics.With government support, in 1996–1998 HSE opened new campuses in Russian regions. The first was opened in Nizhny Novgorod, then followed by campuses in Perm and St. Petersburg. Initially, the university specialized in Economics, Management, and the Social and Human Sciences. However, it later began to focus on Mathematics and Information Technology Programs. In 2017, HSE University launched degrees in Physics and Engineering Sciences, and even announced plans to open experimental laboratories at the institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences. At the same time, the university launched the program " Data culture" aimed at the gradual implementation of digital literacy courses in all departmental units. In 1999, HSE University divided the academic year into five modules instead of semesters. However, later, the university administration decided to reduce the number of modules to four. Starting from 1997, most of the exams have taken place in written form, while all the major student works are checked with plagiarism detection software. Together with the modular system, the university introduced the «major/minor» education system, which means that students take main disciplines as their "major" and choose the block of additional programs subjected to individual choice as "minors". Altogether, this frees up time for students to prepare for seminars and individual projects. Assessment is carried out in accordance with the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System. Correspondingly, every student has an individual GPA-based ranking that illustrates not only the academic performance, but also affects the size of the scholarship, gives a discount on tuition fees and the opportunity to participate in foreign internships, learn additional languages at the university and much more. Only 8% of students continue education in foreign universities, while 9% of all students came from abroad or participated in exchange programs. The university collaborates with more than 500 partner universities, mainly from Europe and Asia. As for 2019, HSE University had 50 double degree programs with Humboldt University of Berlin, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Leeds, London School of Economics, ESCP Europe, and other universities. Since 2013, the Higher School of Economics has recorded courses for Coursera. According to the platform's official statistics, in 2018, HSE university was in top universities with the most recorded online courses. Altogether, it had posted around 100 courses, 25 of which were in English. As for 2017, HSE had the most recorded courses among all universities in the country. The average number of course participants is around 1 million people, 17% of which are listeners from the United States.


Science and innovations

As of 2018, the university was involved in the work of 37 international laboratories, three of which are located in regional campuses. They were established on the initiative and at the expense of the university as well as "Megagrants" from the government. Among academic supervisors was Nobel Laureate in Economics
Eric Maskin Eric Stark Maskin (born December 12, 1950) is an American economist and mathematician. He was jointly awarded the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Leonid Hurwicz and Roger Myerson "for having laid the foundations of mechanism d ...
(Laboratory of Decision Choice and Analysis), receiver of the
Fields Medal The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The name of the award ho ...
Andrei Okounkov and other professors from foreign universities. Besides
research and development Research and development (R&D or R+D), known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, and improving existi ...
, and fundamental and applied research, the university has published the results of 15 large-scale continuously monitored studies, 11 statistics volumes, while additionally supporting national entrepreneurship, and starting from 2000, they have made filings to the Unified Archive of Economic and Sociological Data. According to the UBI Global World, in 2018, the university's business incubator was in the top 7 of world university incubators. Since 1 February 2017, HSE has been on the list of 23 Russian universities that grant
academic degree An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university. These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, usually including unde ...
s. In addition, the university has 16 dissertation councils. As of 2018, HSE University publishes 26 scientific journals, 11 of which are indexed in Scopus, and two in WoS. The average citation index in Scopus increased from 0.5% in 2013 to 6.2% in 2016.


Social projects

In 2013, the HSE campus in Moscow launched the public project "University opened to the city" aimed at conducting a series of lectures, exhibitions, master classes, festivals, and educational activities for citizens. Following the example of the main campus, regional branches have also organized open lecture halls. For instance, in Saint Petersburg, a regular series of lectures takes place on the
New Holland Island New Holland Island (russian: Но́вая Голла́ндия) is a historic triangular artificial island in central Saint Petersburg, Russia, dating from the 18th century. It is also known as Admiralty Island. Construction The island was c ...
. In Perm, the HSE campus launched the summer lecture hall. Other social projects include Master's programs for teachers, development of education standards, expert support for Russian universities, work in associations, and free citizens' consultations on social and judicial questions.


People


Faculty

Initially, HSE applied for grants to invite foreign scholars who, especially at the beginning of the university's history, had more expertise than local specialists. As of 2016, around 11% of the overall number of foreign specialists were professors with a PhD degree. Due to collaborations with the Ministry of Economic Development, the university invited ministers of economics and politicians to teach classes and give lectures. In the 1990s, the average age of lecturers was 33 years old, by 2011 the number increased to 43 years old. Most of the young scholars came from the Russian Academy of Science and the Moscow State University. HSE has a competitive system for searching for specialists. In the 1990s, due to a generally low salary, most of the professors had several jobs. Thus, HSE University introduced the "effective contract" – a financial system to encourage professors to consider the Higher School of Economics as a primary workplace. Those who have worked at the university for a long time are granted a status of "honoured professor".


Graduates

The Higher School of Economics ranked high in graduate employment rates. In 2016, The Future Today put HSE University with the top Russian universities whose graduates are the most vacant in the market with a 85% employment rate. The survey inside the university also showed that 93% of graduates are employed within the first year after graduation. Some of them take freelance jobs or continue their education. Among graduates of HSE are
Maxim Oreshkin Maksim Stanislavovich Oreshkin (russian: Максим Станиславович Орешкин; born 21 July 1982) is a Russian economist and politician who served as the Minister for Economic Development from 30 November 2016 to 15 January ...
who would later be appointed to the position of Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, and
Konstantin Noskov Konstantin Yurievich Noskov (russian: Константин Юрьевич Носков, born 26 September 1978 in Oktyabrsky, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Soviet Union) is a Russian economist and politician, who served as Minister of Digital Developme ...
who would become the Minister of Digital Development, Telecommunications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation.


Notes


References

* * * * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Higher School of Economics HSE University Educational institutions established in 1993 1993 establishments in Russia Business schools in Russia National research universities in Russia Universities in Moscow