Stanley William Turrentine (April 5, 1934 – September 12, 2000) was an American

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...

tenor saxophonist The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the saxophone family, a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s. The tenor and the alto are the two most commonly used saxophones. The tenor is pitched in the key of B (while t ...

. He began his career playing R&B for

Earl Bostic Eugene Earl Bostic (April 25, 1913 – October 28, 1965) was an American alto saxophonist. Bostic's recording career was diverse, his musical output encompassing jazz, swing, jump blues and the post-war American rhythm and blues style, which he ...

and later

soul jazz Soul jazz or funky jazz is a subgenre of jazz that incorporates strong influences from hard bop, blues, soul, gospel and rhythm and blues. Soul jazz is often characterized by organ trios featuring the Hammond organ and small combos including ten ...

recording for the

Blue Note In jazz and blues, a blue note is a note that—for expressive purposes—is sung or played at a slightly different pitch from standard. Typically the alteration is between a quartertone and a semitone, but this varies depending on the musical c ...

label from 1960, touched on jazz fusion during a stint on CTI in the 1970s. He was described by critic Steve Huey as "renowned for his distinctively thick, rippling tone ndearthy grounding in the blues." In the 1960s Turrentine was married to organist

Shirley Scott Shirley Scott (March 14, 1934 – March 10, 2002) was an American jazz organist. Her music was noted for its mixture of bebop, blues and gospel elements. She was known by the nickname "Queen of the Organ". Life and career Scott was born in Phi ...

, with whom he frequently recorded, and he was the younger brother of trumpeter

Tommy Turrentine Thomas Walter Turrentine, Jr. (April 22, 1928 – May 13, 1997) was a swing and hard bop trumpeter and composer who was active between the 1940s and the 1960s. He rarely worked as a bandleader, and was known for his work as a sideman with drum ...

, with whom he also recorded. Stanley Turrentine

Biography

Turrentine was born in

Pittsburgh Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Western Pennsylvania, the second-most populous city in Pennsylva ...

's Hill District, United States, into a musical family. His father, Thomas Turrentine Sr., was a saxophonist with

Al Cooper Lofton Alfonso Cooper (1911 – October 5, 1981) was an American jazz saxophonist and clarinetist. He founded the Savoy Sultans and was their leader from 1937 to 1946. He was the half-brother of Grachan Moncur II Grachan Moncur II (sometimes ...

Savoy Sultans The Savoy Sultans was the name of two related 20th-century American jazz ensembles. Savoy Sultans (1937–1946) The original Savoy Sultans were formed by saxophonist Al Cooper, and played at the Savoy Ballroom from 1937 to 1946. This small swing ...

, his mother played stride piano, and his older brother

was a

trumpet The trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group ranges from the piccolo trumpet—with the highest register in the brass family—to the bass trumpet, pitched one octave below the standard ...

player. He began his prolific career with blues and

rhythm and blues Rhythm and blues, frequently abbreviated as R&B or R'n'B, is a genre of popular music that originated in African-American communities in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly ...

bands, and was at first greatly influenced by

Illinois Jacquet Jean-Baptiste "Illinois" Jacquet (October 30, 1922 – July 22, 2004) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist, best remembered for his solo on " Flying Home", critically recognized as the first R&B saxophone solo. Although he was a pioneer of ...

. He first toured with

Lowell Fulson Lowell Fulson (March 31, 1921March 7, 1999) was an American blues guitarist and songwriter, in the West Coast blues tradition. He also recorded for contractual reasons as Lowell Fullsom and Lowell Fulsom. After T-Bone Walker, he was the most imp ...

's band in 1951, at 17,NPR's 'Jazz Profiles': "Stanley Turrentine: Saxophone 'Sugar Man'."
NPR. Retrieved 7th December 2022. and in 1953

asked him to join his band, replacing

John Coltrane John William Coltrane (September 23, 1926 – July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist, bandleader and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th-century music. Born and raise ...

. He also played in groups led by the pianist and composer

Tadd Dameron Tadley Ewing Peake Dameron (February 21, 1917 – March 8, 1965) was an American jazz composer, arranger, and pianist. Biography Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Dameron was the most influential arranger of the bebop era, but also wrote charts for swin ...

. Turrentine received his only formal musical training during his military stint in the mid-1950s. In 1959, he left the military and went straight into the band of the drummer

Max Roach Maxwell Lemuel Roach (January 10, 1924 – August 16, 2007) was an American jazz drummer and composer. A pioneer of bebop, he worked in many other styles of music, and is generally considered one of the most important drummers in history. He work ...

. He married the organist

in 1960 and the two frequently played and recorded together. In the 1960s, he started working with organist Jimmy Smith, and made many

recordings both with Smith and as a leader. Scott and Turrentine divorced in 1971. Turrentine turned to jazz fusion and signed for Creed Taylor's CTI label. His first album for CTI, '' Sugar'', recorded in 1970, proved one of his biggest successes and a seminal recording for the label, closely followed by '' Don't Mess with Mister T.'' (1971). He worked with Freddie Hubbard, Milt Jackson,

George Benson George Washington Benson (born March 22, 1943) is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He began his professional career at the age of 19 as a jazz guitarist. A former child prodigy, Benson first came to prominence in the 1960s, play ...

, Bob James,

Richard Tee Richard Edward Tee (born Richard Edward Ten Ryk; November 24, 1943 – July 21, 1993) was an American pianist, studio musician, singer and arranger, who had several hundred studio credits and played on such notable hits as "In Your Eyes", " Sl ...

, Idris Muhammad, Ron Carter,

Grant Green Grant Green (June 6, 1935 – January 31, 1979) was an American jazz guitarist and composer. Recording prolifically for Blue Note Records as both leader and sideman, Green performed in the hard bop, soul jazz, bebop, and Latin-tinged idioms ...

and

Eric Gale Eric Gale (September 20, 1938 – May 25, 1994) was an American jazz and R&B guitarist. ''Early life and career'' Born in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York, Gale grew up in a diverse household. His paternal grandfather was from Yorksh ...

. He returned to soul jazz in the 1980s and into the 1990s. Turrentine lived in

Fort Washington, Maryland Fort Washington is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It borders the Potomac River, situated 20 miles south of the downtown Washington, DC. As of the 2020 census it had a popul ...

, from the early 1990s until his death. He died of a stroke in

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...

on September 12, 2000, aged 66, and was buried in Pittsburgh's

Allegheny Cemetery Allegheny Cemetery is one of the largest and oldest burial grounds in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is a historic rural cemetery. The non-sectarian, wooded hillside park is located at 4734 Butler Street in the Lawrenceville neighborhood, and bou ...

Discography

As leader

;Blue Note Records * 1960: '' Look Out!'' (reissued in 1969 as ''The Soul of Stanley Turrentine'' on Sunset Records) * 1960: ''

Blue Hour The blue hour (from French ; ) is the period of twilight (in the morning or evening, around the nautical stage) when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon. During this time, the remaining sunlight takes on a mostly blue shade. T ...

'' (with

The Three Sounds The Three Sounds (also known as The 3 Sounds) were an American jazz piano trio that formed in 1956 and disbanded in 1973. The band formed in Benton Harbor, Michigan, United States, as the Four Sounds. The original line-up consisted of Gene Harri ...

) * 1961: '' Comin' Your Way'' * 1961: '' Up at "Minton's", Volume 1'' ive* 1961: ''Up at "Minton's", Volume 2'' ive* 1961: '' Dearly Beloved'' (with

) * 1961: '' ZT's Blues'' (released 1985) * 1962: '' That's Where It's At'' (with Les McCann) * 1962: '' Jubilee Shout!!!'' (released 1986) * 1963: '' Never Let Me Go'' (with Shirley Scott) * 1963: ''

A Chip Off the Old Block ''A Chip Off the Old Block'' (Traditional Chinese: 巴不得爸爸...) is a 2009 TVB television drama from Hong Kong produced and created by Poon Ka Tak. The original broadcast was on the TVB Jade with approximately 45-minute-long episodes airi ...

'' (with Shirley Scott) * 1964: '' Hustlin''' (with Shirley Scott) * 1964: '' In Memory Of'' (released 1980) * 1964: '' Mr. Natural'' (released 1980) * 1965: '' Joyride'' * 1966: '' Rough 'n' Tumble'' * 1966: ''

Easy Walker ''Easy Walker'' is an album by jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine recorded for the Blue Note label in 1966 and performed by Turrentine with McCoy Tyner, Bob Cranshaw and Mickey Roker. One additional track from an unreleased session arranged by D ...

'' (released 1968) * 1966: '' The Spoiler'' (released 1967) * 1967: ''

A Bluish Bag ''A Bluish Bag'' is an album by jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine consisting of two sessions recorded for the Blue Note label in 1967 and arranged by Duke Pearson, the first featuring Donald Byrd and the second McCoy Tyner, among others. Recep ...

'' (released 2007) * 1967: '' The Return of the Prodigal Son'' (released 2008) * 1968: '' The Look of Love'' * 1968: '' Common Touch'' (with Shirley Scott) * 1968: '' Always Something There'' * 1969: '' Another Story'' * 1975: ''Stanley Turrentine'' (Blue Note Re-Issue Series) LP* 1978: '' Jubilee Shouts'' (Blue Note Jazz Classic Series) LP* 1979: ''New Time Shuffle'' (recorded 1967) * 1980: ''Ain't No Way'' (recorded 1968–1969) * 1984: '' Straight Ahead'' (with Jimmy Smith) * 1986: '' Wonderland (Stanley Turrentine Plays the Music of Stevie Wonder)'' * 1989: '' La Place'' ;CTI Records * 1970: '' Sugar'' * 1971: '' Gilberto with Turrentine'' (with

Astrud Gilberto Astrud Gilberto (; born Astrud Evangelina Weinert, March 29, 1940) is a Brazilian samba and bossa nova singer. She gained international attention in the 1960s following her recording of the song "The Girl from Ipanema". Biography Astrud Gilbe ...

) * 1971: ''

Salt Song ''Salt Song'' is an album by jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine recorded for the CTI Records, CTI Note label featuring performances by Turrentine with an orchestra arranged by Eumir Deodato. The CD rerelease added another track. Reception The Al ...

'' * 1971: '' The Sugar Man'' (released 1975) * 1972: '' Cherry'' (with Milt Jackson) * 1973: '' Freddie Hubbard/Stanley Turrentine in Concert Volume One'' (released 1974) * 1973: ''Freddie Hubbard/Stanley Turrentine In Concert Volume Two'' (released 1974) * 1973: '' Don't Mess with Mister T.'' ;Fantasy Records * 1974: '' Pieces of Dreams'' * 1975: '' In the Pocket'' * 1975: ''

Have You Ever Seen the Rain "Have You Ever Seen the Rain?" is a song written by John Fogerty and released as a single in 1971 from the album ''Pendulum'' (1970) by American rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival. The song charted highest in Canada, reaching number 1 on the ...

'' * 1976: '' Everybody Come On Out'' * 1976: ''

The Man with the Sad Face ''The Man with the Sad Face'' is an album by jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine recorded for the Fantasy Records, Fantasy label in 1976 and featuring performances by Turrentine with an orchestra arranged and conducted by David Van De Pitte.

'' * 1977: '' Nightwings'' * 1978: ''West Side Highway'' * 1978: ''What About You!'' * 1980: ''Use the Stairs'' ;Elektra Records * 1979: ''Betcha'' * 1980: ''Inflation'' * 1981: '' Tender Togetherness'' * 1982: ''Home Again'' ;Other labels * 1960: '' Stan "The Man" Turrentine'' (Time Records; his first recorded album, released in 1963 and re-released in 1965 as ''Tiger Tail'' on Mainstream) * 1966: ''

Let It Go "Let It Go" is a song from Walt Disney Animation Studios, Disney's 2013 computer-animated feature film ''Frozen (2013 film), Frozen'', whose music and lyrics were composed by husband-and-wife songwriting team Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert L ...

'' ( Impulse!) (with Shirley Scott) * 1970: ''Flipped – Flipped Out'' (Canyon Records; also released in 1975 as ''Another Fine Mess'' on DJM Records; reissued in 1985 on Drive Archive) * 1977: ''Love's Finally Found Me'' (Versatile Records) (with

Gloria Lynne Gloria Lynne (born Gloria Wilson; November 23, 1929 – October 15, 2013), also known as Gloria Alleyne, was an American jazz vocalist with a recording career spanning from 1958 to 2007. Career Lynne was born in Harlem in 1929 to John and Mary W ...

) * 1992: '' More Than a Mood'' ( MusicMasters) (with Cedar Walton, Ron Carter,

Billy Higgins Billy Higgins (October 11, 1936 – May 3, 2001) was an American jazz drummer. He played mainly free jazz and hard bop. Biography Higgins was born in Los Angeles, California, United States. Higgins played on Ornette Coleman's first records, ...

) * 1993: '' If I Could'' (MusicMasters) (with Sir Roland Hanna, Ron Carter,

Grady Tate Grady Tate (January 14, 1932 – October 8, 2017) was an American jazz and soul-jazz drummer and baritone vocalist. In addition to his work as sideman, Tate released many albums as leader and lent his voice to songs in the animated ''Schoolhou ...

) * 1995: '' T Time'' (MusicMasters) (with Kenny Drew Jr.,

Dave Stryker Dave Stryker (born March 30, 1957) is an American jazz guitarist. He has recorded over twenty-five albums as a leader and has been a featured sideman with Stanley Turrentine, Jack McDuff, and Kevin Mahogany. Career Stryker grew up in Omaha, Nebr ...

) * 1995: ''Three of a Kind Meets Mr. T'' (Minor Music) (with Peter Madsen, Dwayne Dolphin, Bruce Cox) * 1999: ''Do You Have Any Sugar?'' (

Concord Concord may refer to: Meaning "agreement" * Pact or treaty, frequently between nations (indicating a condition of harmony) * Harmony, in music * Agreement (linguistics), a change in the form of a word depending on grammatical features of other ...

)

As sideman

With

* 1961: '' Hip Soul'' (

Prestige Prestige refers to a good reputation or high esteem; in earlier usage, ''prestige'' meant "showiness". (19th c.) Prestige may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Films * ''Prestige'' (film), a 1932 American film directed by Tay Garnet ...

) * 1961: '' Hip Twist'' (Prestige) * 1963: '' The Soul Is Willing'' (Prestige) * 1963: '' Soul Shoutin''' (Prestige) * 1964: '' Blue Flames'' (Prestige) * 1964: ''

Everybody Loves a Lover "Everybody Loves a Lover" is a popular song which was a hit single for Doris Day in 1958. Its lyricist, Richard Adler, and its composer, Robert Allen, were both best known for collaborations with other partners. The music Allen composed, aside ...

'' ( Impulse!) * 1964: '' Queen of the Organ'' ive(Impulse!) * 1968: ''

Soul Song “Soul Song” is a song written by George Richey, Billy Sherrill and Norro Wilson and first recorded by Tanya Tucker as a track for her 1972 debut album Delta Dawn. Background The song also represented a first for co-writer Norro Wilson: a No. ...

'' (Atlantic) * 1978: ''The Great Live Sessions'' LP(ABC/Impulse!) recorded 1964 With

Kenny Burrell Kenneth Earl Burrell (born July 31, 1931) is an American jazz guitarist known for his work on numerous top jazz labels: Prestige, Blue Note, Verve, CTI, Muse, and Concord. His collaborations with Jimmy Smith were notable, and produced the 1965 ...

*1963: '' Midnight Blue'' (

) *1964: '' Freedom'' (Blue Note) With Donald Byrd *1964: '' Up with Donald Byrd'' ( Verve) *1964: '' I'm Tryin' to Get Home'' (Blue Note) With

Gene Harris Gene Harris (born Eugene Haire, September 1, 1933 – January 16, 2000) was an American jazz pianist known for his warm sound and blues and gospel infused style that is known as soul jazz. From 1956 to 1970, he played in The Three Sounds tri ...

*1985: ''Gene Harris Trio Plus One'' (

) *1995: ''Gene Harris & the Philip Morris All-Stars: Live'' (Concord) (released in 1998) With

Abbey Lincoln Anna Marie Wooldridge (August 6, 1930 – August 14, 2010), known professionally as Abbey Lincoln, was an American jazz vocalist, songwriter, and actress. She was a civil rights activist beginning in the 1960s. Lincoln made a career out of deli ...

*1959: '' Abbey Is Blue'' ( Riverside) *1991: '' Devil's Got Your Tongue'' (Verve) With Horace Parlan *1960: '' Speakin' My Piece'' (Blue Note) *1961: '' On the Spur of the Moment'' (Blue Note) With

*1959: '' Quiet as It's Kept'' ( Mercury) *1959: ''

Moon Faced and Starry Eyed ''Moon Faced and Starry Eyed'' is an album by American jazz drummer Max Roach, featuring vocalist Abbey Lincoln on two tracks, recorded in 1959 and released on the Mercury label.Long as You're Living ''Long as You're Living'' is a live album by American jazz drummer Max Roach, featuring tracks recorded in West Germany in 1960 and released on the Enja label.ive(Enja) *1960: '' Parisian Sketches'' (Mercury) With Jimmy Smith *1960: '' Midnight Special'' (Blue Note) *1960: ''

Back at the Chicken Shack ''Back at the Chicken Shack'' is an album by Jimmy Smith. It was recorded in 1960 and released in 1963 on the Blue Note label. Smith recorded the album in the same session as his previous album '' Midnight Special''. Fittingly, he wears the same ...

'' (Blue Note) released 1963 *1963: '' Prayer Meetin''' (Blue Note) *1968: '' Stay Loose'' (Verve) *1982: ''Off the Top'' ( Elektra/Musician) *1986: ''Go For Watcha Know'' (Blue Note) *1990: ''Fourmost'' ive(

Milestone A milestone is a numbered marker placed on a route such as a road, railway line, canal or boundary. They can indicate the distance to towns, cities, and other places or landmarks; or they can give their position on the route relative to so ...

) *1990: ''Fourmost Return'' ive(Milestone) released 2001 With others *

Georgie Fame Georgie Fame (born Clive Powell; 26 June 1943) is an English R&B and jazz musician. Fame, who had a string of 1960s hits, is still performing, often working with contemporaries such as Alan Price, Van Morrison and Bill Wyman. Fame is the on ...

, ''The Blues and Me'' (Go Jazz, 1996) * Roy Hargrove, ''

With the Tenors of Our Time ''With the Tenors of Our Time'' is an album by Roy Hargrove. Track listing # "Soppin' the Biscuit" (composer Roy Hargrove, featuring Stanley Turrentine) – 7:59 # "When We Were One" (composer Johnny Griffin, featuring Johnny Griffin) – ...

'' (Verve, 1993) * Freddie Hubbard, '' Life Flight'' (Blue Note, 1983) *

Duke Jordan Irving Sidney "Duke" Jordan (April 1, 1922 – August 8, 2006) was an American jazz pianist. Biography Jordan was born in New York and raised in Brooklyn where he attended Boys High School. An imaginative and gifted pianist, Jordan was a regul ...

, ''

Flight to Jordan ''Flight to Jordan'' is an album by American pianist Duke Jordan recorded in 1960 and released on the Blue Note label.

'' (Blue Note, 1960) *

Diana Krall Diana Jean Krall (born November 16, 1964) is a Canadian jazz pianist and singer known for her contralto vocals. She has sold more than 15 million albums worldwide, including over six million in the US. On December 11, 2009, ''Billboard'' maga ...

, ''

Only Trust Your Heart ''Only Trust Your Heart'' is the second studio album by Canadian singer Diana Krall, released on February 14, 1995, by GRP Records. Track listing Personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of ''Only Trust Your Heart''. Musicians * Diana ...

'' ( GRP, 1994) * Les McCann, ''

Les McCann Ltd. in New York ''Les McCann Ltd. in New York'' is a live album by pianist Les McCann recorded in 1961 and released on the Pacific Jazz label.Freed., RLes McCann Discographyaccessed January 12, 2016 Reception The Allmusic review by Mark Allan called the album ...

'' ive(Pacific Jazz, 1961) *

Jimmy McGriff James Harrell McGriff (April 3, 1936 – May 24, 2008) was an American hard bop and soul-jazz organist and organ trio bandleader. Biography Early years and influences Born in Germantown, Pennsylvania, United States, McGriff started playing pi ...

, ''

Electric Funk ''Electric Funk'' is an album by the American jazz organist Jimmy McGriff of performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label.

'' (Blue Note, 1969) *

David "Fathead" Newman David "Fathead" Newman (February 24, 1933 – January 20, 2009) was an American jazz and rhythm-and-blues saxophonist, who made numerous recordings as a session musician and leader, but is best known for his work as a sideman on seminal 1950s an ...

, '' Fire! Live at the Village Vanguard'' (

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...

, 1988) * New York Funkies, ''Hip Hop Bop!'' (Meldac p 1995) with Reuben Wilson * Duke Pearson, '' The Right Touch'' (Blue Note, 1965) *

Ike Quebec Ike Abrams Quebec (August 17, 1918 – January 16, 1963) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. He began his career in the big band era of the 1940s, then fell from prominence for a time until launching a comeback in the years before his dea ...

, '' Easy Living'' (Blue Note, 1962) – some material previously released as ''Congo Lament'' * Dizzy Reece, ''

Comin' On! ''Comin' On!'' is an album by Jamaican-born jazz trumpeter Dizzy Reece, featuring performances recorded at two sessions in 1960, but not released on the Blue Note label until 1999.

'' (Blue Note, 1960) *

Mongo Santamaria Mongo may refer to: Geography Africa * Mongo, Chad, a Sahel city * Apostolic Vicariate of Mongo (Roman Catholic missionary jurisdiction) * Mongo, Sierra Leone, a chiefdom * Mongo River (Little Scarces River), Guinea and Sierra Leone, a tributa ...

, ''Mongo's Way'' (Atlantic, 1970) *

Marlena Shaw Marlena Shaw (born Marlina Burgess, September 22, 1942) is an American jazz, blues and soul singer. Shaw began her singing career in the 1960s and is still singing today. Her music has often been sampled in hip hop music, and used in television ...

, ''Elemental Soul'' (Concord, 1997) *

Horace Silver Horace Ward Martin Tavares Silver (September 2, 1928 – June 18, 2014) was an American jazz pianist, composer, and arranger, particularly in the hard bop style that he helped pioneer in the 1950s. After playing tenor saxophone and piano at sc ...

, '' Serenade to a Soul Sister'' (Blue Note, 1968) * Art Taylor, '' A.T.'s Delight'' (Blue Note, 1960) *

, ''Tommy Turrentine'' (Time Records, 1960)

References

External links

* *
Stanley Turrentine
at Hard Bop, accessed March 23, 2011
Stanley Turrentine
biography at ''

All About Jazz ''All About Jazz'' is a website established by Michael Ricci in 1995. A volunteer staff publishes news, album reviews, articles, videos, and listings of concerts and other events having to do with jazz. Ricci maintains a related site, ''Jazz Near ...

'' accessed January 6, 2010 {{DEFAULTSORT:Turrentine, Stanley 1934 births 2000 deaths African-American saxophonists American jazz tenor saxophonists American male saxophonists Hard bop saxophonists Jazz fusion saxophonists Musicians from Pittsburgh Schenley High School alumni Soul-jazz saxophonists Blue Note Records artists Impulse! Records artists Fantasy Records artists Burials at Allegheny Cemetery 20th-century American saxophonists Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians CTI Records artists 20th-century African-American musicians