St Paul's Church is a

Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Brit ...

parish church A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in community activities, ...

located on St Paul's Square in

Bedford Bedford is a market town in Bedfordshire, England. At the 2011 Census, the population of the Bedford built-up area (including Biddenham and Kempston) was 106,940, making it the second-largest settlement in Bedfordshire, behind Luton, whilst t ...

Bedfordshire Bedfordshire (; abbreviated Beds) is a ceremonial county in the East of England. The county has been administered by three unitary authorities, Borough of Bedford, Central Bedfordshire and Borough of Luton, since Bedfordshire County Council ...

, England. Formerly a medieval collegiate church, the large building of cathedral proportions with its later additions and iconic spire dominates the town. St Paul's is the largest Anglican church in Bedfordshire, and the church exercises a ministry of welcome to thousands of visitors and pilgrims from far and wide each year. St Paul's is officially recognised as a Major Parish Church and is a member of the

Major Churches Network The Major Churches Network, founded in 1991 as the Greater Churches Network, is a group of Church of England parish churches defined as having exceptional significance, being physically very large (over 1000m2 footprint), listed as Grade I, II* ...

. Historically, St Paul's has played a key part in the life of the British nation: as the home for the BBC's daily worship during the Second World War; and the Service for the National Day of Prayer in 1941, at which the then Archbishop of Canterbury,

Cosmo Gordon Lang William Cosmo Gordon Lang, 1st Baron Lang of Lambeth, (31 October 1864 – 5 December 1945) was a Scottish Anglican prelate who served as Archbishop of York (1908–1928) and Archbishop of Canterbury (1928–1942). His elevation to Archbishop ...

preached, was also broadcast to the UK and wider world from the church. St Paul's is today the Civic Church of the Borough of Bedford and the County of Bedfordshire; it is a focus for special commemorations and celebrations in the borough, county, and the wider region of the East of England, as well as being a central venue for concerts, recitals and exhibitions. As well as serving a diverse parish and ministering to a congregation of all ages, the church also enjoys fine choral and liturgical worship in the English cathedral tradition.

History

The first Minster

Some evidence exists for the founding of St Paul's Church as a new minster by King Offa (d. AD 796) to serve the inhabitants of his new fortified urban burgh. Offa is understood to have been buried in Bedford, and his Minster Church of St Paul has been identified as a probable site of his grave. The church mentioned by name in the

Domesday Book Domesday Book () – the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book" – is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William I, known as William the Conqueror. The manusc ...

of 1086 was a house of secular canons in the eleventh century, ruled by an abbot in 971, and the church in which

Oscytel Oscytel (or Oskytel or Oscetel; died 971) was a medieval Bishop of Dorchester and Archbishop of York. Early life Oscytel was probably of Danish ancestry.Duckett ''Alfred the Great'' p. 127''Oscytel, Oskytel'' is the anglicized version of the ...

(or Oskytel), Archbishop of York was buried in 956, indicating that St Paul's was an important minster church from at least the tenth century onwards.

The second and third churches

From the early ninth century the priests’ mission was frequently interrupted by the invasions of the heathen Danes which continued at intervals until the arrival of the Normans in 1066. The Danes caused sporadic damage wherever they plundered or settled. They used the river to move inland to Bedford on their way westwards into the Saxon kingdoms of Mercia and Wessex, and in 1009-10 destroyed the church in the fighting. The Anglo-Saxon chronicles report that ‘forever they burnt as they went, then they turned back to the ships with their booty’. Originally constructed in the early 13th century, the present church building has undergone numerous alterations, extensions, rebuilds and restorations since this time. An Early English south porch does survive from the original 13th-century structure, however, and records trace the existence of a previous Collegiate church on this site as far back as 1066. The Trinity Chapel of the church was first constructed in 1416, with maintenance of the chapel entrusted to the ''Holy Brotherhood of the Trinity''. The church has long standing connections with Sir

William Harpur Sir William Harpur (c. 1496 – 27 February 1574) was a merchant from Bedford who moved to London, amassed a large fortune, and became Lord Mayor of London. In 1566 he and his wife Dame Alice gave an endowment to support certain charities includi ...

and Dame Alice Harper, and the Trinity Chapel holds brasses of the couple. Sir William was the Lord Mayor of the City of London in 1562, and his

Harpur Trust The Harpur Trust is a charity in Bedford, England. The stated aim of the charity is to help and support the people who live in and around Bedford, and to help them improve their lives by: * providing and promoting education * offering help an ...

(which has a long history of operating independent schools in Bedford) has donated many of the

stained glass Stained glass is coloured glass as a material or works created from it. Throughout its thousand-year history, the term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of churches and other significant religious buildings. Although tradition ...

windows in the church. Other improvements in the 15th century included Misericords in the Quire (or chancel) and two additional porches. The Trinity Chapel was used as an

Archdeacon An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in the Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, St Thomas Christians, Eastern Orthodox churches and some other Christian denominations, above that of mo ...

’s Court after the

English Reformation The English Reformation took place in 16th-century England when the Church of England broke away from the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church. These events were part of the wider European Protestant Reformation, a religious and poli ...

. On 23 May 1656, John Bunyan, the

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι� ...

preacher and author of "

The Pilgrim's Progress ''The Pilgrim's Progress from This World, to That Which Is to Come'' is a 1678 Christian allegory written by John Bunyan. It is regarded as one of the most significant works of theological fiction in English literature and a progenitor of t ...

", preached at St. Paul's.

John Wesley John Wesley (; 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who was a leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Meth ...

, the

Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of t ...

cleric and

theologian Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...

(also one of the founders of

Methodism Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's b ...

) preached the Assize Sermon at the church on 10 March 1758. During the 19th century St Paul's adopted the

Anglo-Catholic Anglo-Catholicism comprises beliefs and practices that emphasise the Catholic heritage and identity of the various Anglican churches. The term was coined in the early 19th century, although movements emphasising the Catholic nature of Anglica ...

tradition of the Church of England, where it remains. As a result, the ''Sisters of Saint Etheldreda'' began to be associated with the parish from 1869. Architectural work to the church in the 19th century includes the tower and spire,

transept A transept (with two semitransepts) is a transverse part of any building, which lies across the main body of the building. In cruciform churches, a transept is an area set crosswise to the nave in a cruciform ("cross-shaped") building with ...

s, choir stalls, quire and quire roof. Early 20th-century work to the church includes the

Rood screen The rood screen (also choir screen, chancel screen, or jubé) is a common feature in late medieval church architecture. It is typically an ornate partition between the chancel and nave, of more or less open tracery constructed of wood, stone, o ...

(designed by George Frederick Bodley), the English Altar and altar rails (designed by the

Bromsgrove Guild The Bromsgrove Guild of Applied Arts (1898–1966) was a company of modern artists and designers associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement, founded by Walter Gilbert. The guild worked in metal, wood, plaster, bronze, tapestry, glass and ...

), and restoration work to the Trinity Chapel (instituted by C. E. Mallows). Later in the 20th century, from the mid-1970s to 1982, the church was restored and otherwise improved. In 2014 new work was completed on a Narthex at the west end of the church.

The church for the nation 1941-5

St Paul's moved centre stage nationally to play two special roles at a time when the United Kingdom faced its darkest hour. First, when during the Second World War, the BBC moved much of its operations out of London to Bedford, the Trinity Chapel in St Paul's was used by the BBC as the studio for broadcasting the Daily Service and ''

The Epilogue ''The Epilogue'' was a feature of BBC radio and later television being the last programme broadcast each Sunday evening lasting five to ten minutes and being based on a non-denominational reflective theme usually delivered by a Christian minister ...

'' both nationally and throughout Europe. This extraordinary period in the church's history is fittingly commemorated by an inscription on the floor at the entrance of the chapel:

THE BBC BROADCAST THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE FROM THIS CHAPEL 1941-1945 IN THE DARKNESS OF WAR: NATION SHALL SPEAK PEACE UNTO NATION THEY SHALL BEAT THEIR SWORDS INTO PLOUGHSHARES HOPE THROUGH RECONCILIATION FORGIVENESS THROUGH UNDERSTANDING PEACE

Secondly, at the southern end of the high altar rail, an inscription on a wooden panel records the National Day of Prayer on Sunday 7 September 1941, when the Archbishops of both Canterbury and York came together to St Paul's, Bedford to lead the worship and broadcast live to the nation at a grim time in its history. The service was broadcast to all parts of the world, to uplift and inspire 'many millions to a new endeavour to set up a kingdom of righteousness on the earth'. The church was also home to a service led by Roman Catholic

Cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **'' Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **'' Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, t ...

Arthur Hinsley.

Notable features

The organ

The present three manual instrument is the result of a rebuild in 2010. Although several of the 1985 tonal additions have been retained, the tonal basis of the present instrument is formed by the Norman & Beard pipework of 1900. In the 2010 rebuild all of the chorus reeds were re-voiced with a brighter tone so as to integrate with the original work. Three new replacement Mixtures and a Tuba were added to the specification and the number of stops was reduced from 66 stops down to 44, exactly the same number as in 1900. The specification may be viewed on the church website or on the National Pipe Organ Register.

The bells

The church has had a ring of bells for centuries. Currently there are twelve bells, hung for English-style

change ringing Change ringing is the art of ringing a set of tuned bells in a tightly controlled manner to produce precise variations in their successive striking sequences, known as "changes". This can be by method ringing in which the ringers commit to memor ...

. The majority of the bells were cast in 1896–7 to form a new ring of ten to replace the eight that had been in the church since around 1744, one of these original bells was retained as the ninth of the new ten, but was recast in 1945. The bells had been taken out of the tower during the Second World War, in case the church was damaged by bombing (ringing of church bells was forbidden for much of the war, reserved as an alarm in case of invasion), and were rehung in 1945. In 1977, two new bells were added, to give the present twelve, these marked the

Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II The Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II marked the 25th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II on 6 February 1952. It was celebrated with large-scale parties and parades throughout the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth throughout 1977, ...

The church today

St Paul's is a busy and active Church of England parish, Civic and County church in the heart of Bedford, working together with three other Anglican churches in a common witness to the community. As well as serving a most diverse parish, the church supports the work of schools, voluntary and community organisations through the county and East of England, as well as the work of the

Lord-Lieutenant A lord-lieutenant ( ) is the British monarch's personal representative in each lieutenancy area of the United Kingdom. Historically, each lieutenant was responsible for organising the county's militia. In 1871, the lieutenant's responsibilit ...

and High Sheriff. St Paul's enjoys a cathedral choral tradition within a modern 'catholic' liturgy with appeal to all ages. The team of clergy and lay ministers is augmented by a full-time Pastoral Assistant working with those in special need seeking help from the church, as well as the many visitors throughout the year. The Church is part of the ecumenical 'Town Centre Churches' and has many links to other churches and community groups, including the 'Bedford Council of Faiths'. The church is a member of the

and of Cathedrals Plus.

Sunday services

8.00 Holy Communion ''according to the Book of Common Prayer'' 10.15 Parish Eucharist *All Age Sung Eucharist with Address (1st Sunday) *Sung Parish Eucharist with Address (2nd, 4th and 5th Sundays) *Choral Eucharist with Address (3rd Sunday) ''The ministry of prayer for healing is offered on the 4th Sunday'' 5.30 Evening Service *Address and Compline (1st Sunday) *Choral Evensong with short address (2nd and 4th Sundays) *Evening Prayer - said (3rd and 5th Sundays)

Weekday services

Monday 9.00 a.m. Morning Prayer; 4.30 p.m. Evening Prayer Tuesday 9.00 a.m. Morning Prayer; 4.30 p.m. Evening Prayer Wednesday 9.00 a.m. Morning Prayer; Noon Eucharist, followed by bring and share lunch; 5.00 p.m. Evening Prayer Thursday 9.00 a.m. Morning Prayer; 4.30 p.m. Evening Prayer Friday 9.00 a.m. Morning Prayer; 9.30 a.m. Eucharist; 4.30 p.m. Evening Prayer Saturday 9.00 a.m. Morning Prayer; 9.30 a.m. Eucharist; 4.30 p.m. Evening Prayer The church opens every day for private prayer from 10.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m.

Vicars of St Paul's

Prior to 1528 the church was served by the Priory and Canons of the Blessed Virgin May and St Paul's Newnham. A Vicarage was established in 1528 *1528 John Berde *1550 Reginald West STB *1554 Henry Atkinson *1555 Edward Tailor *1562 Emere Bedforde *1572 Ralph Jones STB *1584 Edward Noke *1601 Andrew Dennys MA *1606 John Beamont MA *1617 Theodore Crowley MA *1633 George Smithe MA *1638 John Bradshaw * ''(1640 living sequestered)'' *1662 Robert Guidott MA *1664 John Wilson STB *1666 John Bradshaw *1671 Richard Pearson MA *1672 William Jackson STB *1673 Arthur Humphreys MA *1677 Edward Bourne MA *1689 Alexander Leith MA *1732 Francis Hunt BA *1738 Robert Lambe BA *1749 William Smith BA *1782 John Hemsted MA *1824 James Donne MA *1861 William George Fitzgerald MA *1864 Michael Ferrebee Sadler MA *1870 Robert Aitken Bennett BA *1877 Robert Edward Reginald Watts MA *1886 Lambert Woodard MA *1913 Jocelyn Henry Speck MA *1922 William Aubrey Robins MA *1936 Alan St George Colthurst MA *1946 Cyril Patrick Hankey MA *1951 Cyril Francis Leolin Hilditch AKC *1954 John Humphrey King MBE MA *1969 Robert Saville Brown MA *1974 Basil Henry Jones *1975 Nicholas Guy Coulton BD *1990 Christopher Paul Collingwood MA BMus *1998 John Glanville Pedlar BA *2014 Kevin Ian Goss MA GRSM LRAM LTCL LGSM

References

External links

St Paul's Church official site
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bedford, Saint Paul's Church Saint Paul's Church Church of England church buildings in Bedfordshire Grade I listed churches in Bedfordshire Anglo-Catholic church buildings in Bedfordshire