St. Petersglocke

(; en, Saint Peter's bell, link=no), referred to in the Colognian dialect as or () and in common parlance as Dicker Pitter (; i.e. "Fat or Big Peter"), is the largest bell in Cologne Cathedral. It was cast in 1923 by Heinrich Ulrich in Apolda and hangs in the Bell tower, belfry of the south tower. With a weight of approximately , a clapper weighing about and a diameter of , it is the second largest (horizontally mounted) freely swinging ringable bell in the world, after the bell of the People's Salvation Cathedral.

History

When the bell was cast in 1923, the bell-founder refused to take Papiermark, German marks as a payment because of Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic, the hyper-inflation. Instead the Cathedral Chapter paid 5000 United States dollar, US dollars.
The predecessor of the bell was the "Emperor's Bell" (orig. German: ''Kaiserglocke'') or ''Gloriosa'' ("Glorious") of 1873 which at was even heavier than the St. Peter's bell. In 1918 it was melted down, because of the poor sound quality and the inadequate tone. Its metal was used for war purposes. During its thirty-year life it had regularly been put out of service to attempt to fix the inappropriate sound. Because of this the bell was nicknamed ''Große Schweigerin'', or "big silence".

The crack

In 1951, a long crack appeared on the bell. It was welding, welded in 1956 by the company Lachenmeyer from Nördlingen. After repairs, the bell received a new, lighter clapper (approx. ), and it was rotated approximately 20 degrees so that the clapper did not strike the damaged area.

The broken clapper

On 6 January 2011, the clapper broke and dropped on the floor below. The four earthquake sensors in the cathedral registered it. As it could not be repaired, a new one was cast and was installed in December of the same year. It was later discovered that the accident happened because the clapper had not been correctly installed in the 1950s, thus increasing wear, which consequently led to material degradation. The new clapper weighs approx. and is long. It was installed on 2 December 2011, and was first rung on 7 December 2011. The workers installed two new electric ringing engines (500 rpm), who harmonized with the new clapper. The old engines worked with 750 rpm.

Ringing times

The bell is only rung on special occasions and on Solemnity, solemnities. The declaration or death of an Archbishop of Cologne or of a Pope, as well as the investiture of a new archbishop also warrant tolling St. Peter. All bells of the cathedral rang on the eve of 28 March 1936, a ''Friedensappell'' ("peace appeal") of Adolf Hitler, Hitler, which he made in Cologne due to the Reichstag elections.''Apoldaer Tageblatt'', 27 March 1936. Likewise, the St. Petersglocke declared the German Instrument of Surrender, end of World War II above the ruins of the city of Cologne in 1945, and in 1990 the German reunification, reunification of Germany.
As a rule, St. Petersglocke rings solo for ten minutes before all the others, which join in accordance with the general ringing ordinance. However, not all South Tower bells will be rung every time. For the Feast of the Immaculate Conception bells 1–6 are rung and for the Christmas Eve Vigil bells 1–3.

Gallery

Kölner Dom - Petersglocke 2007-01-07.jpg, On this image the damaged area from the crack can be seen to the left of the clapper
Kölner Dom Petersglocke Klöppelverlust.jpg, The Peter's bell with the broken clapper
Kölner Dom Petersglocke mit neuem Klöppel 2012.jpg, The Peter's bell with the new clapper
Kölner Dom Petersglocke ohne Klöppel.jpg, The Peter's Bell without a clapper

References

{{Authority control
Individual bells
Tourist attractions in Cologne
Buildings and structures completed in 1923