Sri Baduga Maharaja ( Sundanese: ) or Sang Ratu Jayadewata (born 1401) was the great king of the Hindu Sunda kingdom in

West Java West Java ( id, Jawa Barat, su, ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪, romanized ''Jawa Kulon'') is a province of Indonesia on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Banten ...

, reigned 1482 to 1521 from his capital in

Pakuan Pajajaran Pakuan Pajajaran (or ᮕᮊᮥᮝᮔ᮪ᮕᮏᮏᮛᮔ᮪/ Dayeuh Pakuan/Pakwan or Pajajaran) was the fortified capital city of Sunda Kingdom. The location is roughly corresponds to modern Bogor city in West Java, Indonesia, approximately around ...

. He brought his kingdom greatness and prosperity. King Jayadewata often linked with King Siliwangi, the semi-legendary great king of Sunda. Sri Baduga's reign was remembered as the age of peace and prosperity among

Sundanese people The Sunda or Sundanese ( id, Orang Sunda; su, ᮅᮛᮀ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, Urang Sunda) are an indigenous ethnic group native to the western region of Java island in Indonesia, primarily West Java. They number approximately 42 million and form ...

. Some historian suggests, that the legendary king Siliwangi of

Pajajaran Pakuan Pajajaran (or ᮕᮊᮥᮝᮔ᮪ᮕᮏᮏᮛᮔ᮪/ Dayeuh Pakuan/Pakwan or Pajajaran) was the fortified capital city of Sunda Kingdom. The location is roughly corresponds to modern Bogor city in West Java, Indonesia, approximately around t ...

, popular in Sundanese oral tradition and literature, was actually based upon him. However, other historian suggests that King Siliwangi might be inspired by other Sunda king.

Historiography

The historical record of his reign can be found in Batutulis inscription, discovered in

Bogor Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.Prasasti Batutulis, Arsip Kota Bogor
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Reign

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Beschreven steen in Batoetoelis de batu tulis TMnr 60016460

The stylized name: ''Sri Baduga Maharaja Ratu Haji di Pakwan Pajajaran Sri Sang Ratu Dewata'' literally means "His Majesty Maharaja King of Pakuan Pajajaran, His Excellency King of deities". Most of literature recognize his name as ''Sri Baduga Maharaja'' while other argues that it was only the title to address the king, as ''Baduga'' corresponds to ''

paduka ''Paduka'' is an ancient form of footwear in India, consisting of a sole with a post and knob which is positioned between the big and second toe. It has been historically worn in South Asia and Southeast Asia. ''Paduka'' exist in a variety of f ...

'', the footwear of kings. According to Hindu etiquette the king is held so high that common people should not directly address the king by his name, but through his shoes. Thus his real name is Sang Ratu Jaya Dewata. According to Batutulis inscription, he is the son of Rahyang Niskala and the grandson of Rahyang Niskala Wastu Kancana. King Jayadewata become the king of the unified kingdom of Sunda and Galuh. He transferred the capital city from Kawali Galuh to

. One of the

Pantun ''Pantun'' ( Jawi: ) is a Malay oral poetic form used to express intricate ideas and emotions. It is generally consists of even-numbered lines and based on ABAB rhyming schemes. The shortest consists of two lines better known as the in Mal ...

legends tells vividly about a beautiful royal procession of queen Ambetkasih and her courtiers moving to the new capital of Pakuan Pajajaran, where her husband awaits. The Batutulis inscriptions mentioned that the King has embarked in several public projects. Among others are erecting the wall and dug the defensive moat around his capital in

Pakuan Pakuan Pajajaran (or ᮕᮊᮥᮝᮔ᮪ᮕᮏᮏᮛᮔ᮪/ Dayeuh Pakuan/Pakwan or Pajajaran) was the fortified capital city of Sunda Kingdom. The location is roughly corresponds to modern Bogor city in West Java, Indonesia, approximately around t ...

(modern Bogor), built ''Gugunungan'' religious sacred mounds, built ''Balay'' or pavilions, also created Samida forest as a conservation forest. He also built a dam and create a lake called Sanghyang Talaga Rena Mahawijaya. The lake is probably functioned as hydraulic project for rice agricultural purpose, and also a recreational lake to beautify his capital city.

Notes

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References

*Atja (1968), Tjarita Parahijangan: Titilar Karuhun Urang Sunda Abad Ka-16 Masehi. Bandung: Jajasan Kebudajaan Nusalarang. *Berg, C.C., (1938), "Javaansche Geschiedschrijving" dalam F.W. Stapel (ed.,) Geschiedenis van Nederlandsch Indie. Jilid II:7-48. Amsterdam. Diterjemahkan oleh S.Gunawan (1974), Penulisan Sejarah Jawa, Jakarta: Bhratara. *Brandes, J.L.A., (1911) "Babad Tjerbon" Uitvoerige inhouds-opgave en Noten door Wijlen Dr.J.L.A.Brandes met inleiding en tekst, uitgegeven door Dr.DA.Rinkes. VBG. LIX. Tweede Druk. Albrecht & Co. -'sGravenhage. *Djoko Soekiman (1982), Keris Sejarah dan Funsinya. Depdikbud-BP3K Yogyakarta. Proyek Javanologi. *Girardet, Nikolaus et al. (1983),Descriptive Catalogue of the Javanese Manuscripts. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. *Graaf, H.J. (1953), Over het Onstaant de Javaanse Rijkskroniek. Leiden. *Olthof, W.L. ed., (1941), Poenika Serat Babad Tanah Djawi Wiwit Saking Adam Doemoegi ing Taoen 1647. 'Gravenhage. *Padmasusastra, Ki (1902), Sajarah Karaton Surakarta-Ngayogyak arta. Semarang-Surabaya: Van Dorp. *Pigeaud, Th. G.Th., (1967–1980), Literature of Java, 4 Jilid. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. *Pradjasujitna, R.Ng., (1956), Tjatatan Ringkas Karaton Surakarta. Cetakan Ketiga. Sala: Tigalima. *Ricklefts, M.C dan p. Voorhoeve (1977), Indonesian Manuscripts in Great Britain, Oxford university Press. *

Sartono Kartodirdjo Aloysius Sartono Kartodirdjo (15 February 1921 – 7 December 2007) was an Indonesian historian. A pioneer in Indonesia's postcolonial historiography, he was and is considered one of the most influential historians in the country. Early life and ...

et al., (1975), Sejarah Nasional Indonesia II. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Jakarta. PN

Balai Pustaka Balai Pustaka (; also spelled Balai Poestaka, both meaning "Bureau of Literature") is the state-owned publisher of Indonesia and publisher of major pieces of Indonesian literature such as ''Salah Asuhan'', ''Sitti Nurbaya'' and ''Layar Terkemb ...

. *Sumodiningrat Mr.B.P.H., (1983), Pamor Keris. depdiknud BP3K. Yogyakarta: Proyek Javanologi. Indonesian Hindu monarchs Sunda Kingdom Indonesian Hindus 15th-century Indonesian people 16th-century Indonesian people

Historiography

Reign

See also

Notes

References