Spring rolls

Spring rolls are rolled appetizers or dim sum commonly found in Chinese and other Southeast Asian cuisines. The kind of wrapper, fillings, and cooking technique used, as well as the name, vary considerably within this large area, depending on the region's culture.

They are filled with vegetables and other ingredients.

Regional history

East Asia

Mainland China

Spring rolls were a seasonal food consumed during the spring, and started as a pancake filled with the new season's spring vegetables, a welcome change from the preserved foods of the long winter months.
In Chinese cuisine, spring rolls are savoury rolls with cabbage and other vegetable fillings inside a thinly wrapped cylindrical pastry. They are usually eaten during the Spring Festival in mainland China, hence the name. Meat varieties, particularly pork, are also popular. Fried spring rolls are generally small and crisp. They can be sweet or savoury; the former often with red bean paste filling, and the latter are typically prepared with vegetables. They are fully wrapped before being pan-fried or deep-fried.

Non-fried spring rolls are typically bigger and more savoury. Unlike fried spring rolls, non-fried ones are typically made by filling the wrapping with pre-cooked ingredients. Traditionally, they are a festive food eaten during the Cold Food Day festival and the Tomb Sweeping Day festival in spring to remember and pay respect to ancestors. The Hakka population sometimes also eats spring rolls on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar (三月三 sān yuè sān). The wrappings can be a flour-based mix or batter.

Hong Kong and Macau

Spring roll is a fried dish usually available as a dim sum.
They typically contain minced pork, shredded carrot, bean sprouts and other vegetables served with dipping sauce.

Taiwan

In Taiwan, the most commonly eaten non-fried spring rolls are '' popiah'', called ''rùn bǐng'' () in Mandarin or ''po̍h-piáⁿ'' () in Hokkien. In northern Taiwan, the ingredients are generally flavoured with herbs, stir-fried, and sometimes topped with a finely ground peanut powder before being wrapped. In southern Taiwan, the ingredients are generally boiled or blanched in plain water. Sometimes caster or super fine sugar is added along with the peanut powder before all the ingredients are wrapped.

Southeast Asia

Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore

''Lumpia'' is the name for spring rolls in Indonesia and the Philippines, which was derived from Southern Chinese spring rolls. The name ''lumpia'' derives from Hokkien ''lunpia'' () and was introduced in the Philippine islands during the 17th century. It is a savoury snack made of thin crepe pastry skin enveloping a mixture of savoury fillings, consists of chopped vegetables; carrots, cabbages, green beans, bamboo shoots, banana heart and leeks, or sometimes also minced meat; chicken, shrimp, pork or beef. It is often served as an appetizer or snack, and might be served deep fried or fresh (unfried). In both Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, it is called ''popiah'' similar to in Taiwan, while in Myanmar, it is referred as ''kawpyan'' (ကော်ပြန့်).
In Cambodia, it is called nem jien. It requires almost the same ingredients as the other recipes from its neighbouring countries but Cambodians also use vermicelli noodles and taro root or daikon radish. Cambodians also make their own tangy dipping sauce to dip the spring rolls in.

Vietnam

The fried version with minced pork is called imperial rolls or '' chả giò'' (southern Vietnam), ''nem cuốn'', ''chả cuốn'' or ''Nem rán'' (northern Vietnam). They are often called "egg rolls" in Western countries, which is a misnomer. Central Vietnam has its own version of a fried roll called “ram”. Ram is always made from whole shell-on shrimp or chopped de-shelled shrimp and some green onions, wrapped in rice paper and deep fried. Like most speciality food items from central Vietnam, Ram is not widely available in Vietnamese restaurants overseas.

A Vietnamese imperial roll is different from a Chinese spring roll in that it is typically smaller and contains ground or chopped meats/seafood such as pork, crab, shrimp, chicken, taro or cassava, glass noodles, wood-ear fungi or oyster mushrooms, and shredded carrots. Rice paper is traditionally used as wrappers. However, several Vietnamese restaurants in Western countries may use Chinese spring roll wrappers due to the unavailability of rice paper or ease of use.

Spring rolls or summer rolls are a Vietnamese delicacy known as “gỏi cuốn”. Depending on the region, salad rolls were made differently. Some vegetarian families make vegetarian spring rolls rather than meat spring rolls. However, the typical ingredients include slivers of cooked pork (most often cha pork sausages), shrimp, sometimes chicken or tofu, fresh herbs like basil or cilantro, lettuce, cucumbers, sometimes fresh garlic, chives, rice vermicelli, all wrapped in moistened rice paper. A typical “gỏi cuốn” may only contain boiled pork, boiled rice noodles, cucumber, carrot and herbs. Fresh Vietnamese spring rolls can be made at home or found at Vietnamese restaurants and some grocery stores. They are served at room temperature with dipping sauce. Nước chấm, tương xào, or a hoisin peanut sauce are all common dipping sauces. A typical hoisin dipping sauce includes chilli, hoisin sauce, peanut butter and sugar. A standard "nước mắm pha" (nước chấm) dipping sauce is composed of fish sauce, lime, garlic, sugar, and chillies or simply fish sauce, sugar and vinegar.

Oceania

Australia

In Australia, a diverse range of authentic Asian cuisine is available due to immigration, multiculturalism, and the abundant fresh local produce. Both dim sims and Chiko Rolls were inspired by Chinese spring rolls.

Australians also have their own version of a spring roll that can be found in many fish and chip shops in Australia and bought from a supermarket (Chiko Roll). Rather than using pastry with a rolling technique, they have a more doughy texture.

Europe

Germany, France and Poland

In Austria and Germany, deep-fried spring rolls are called ''Frühlingsrolle'', while the Vietnamese salad rolls are called ''Sommerrolle'' ("summer roll"). The French call them ''nem'' for the fried ones and ''rouleaux de printemps'' for the others, whereas in Poland, they are known as ''sajgonki'', named after Saigon, the city from which many of the Vietnamese immigrants in Poland originated.

Netherlands and Belgium

In the Netherlands and Belgium, spring rolls are known as ''loempia'' and are deep-fried or sometimes baked. They are thought to have been introduced by immigrants (including Chinese) from Indonesia, a former colony of the Netherlands. Loempias are filled with bean sprouts, chopped omelette, and sliced chicken or crab. It's also getting more common for loempias to appear with sweet and spicy sauces.

Northern Europe

In the Nordic countries, they are known as ''vårrullar/er'' (Swedish/Norwegian), ''forårsruller'' (Danish), or ''kevätkääryle'' (Finnish).

Latin America

Brazil

In Brazil, spring rolls are called either ''rolinhos-primavera'' (), which is an approximate free translation from English, or as it is called in Japanese restaurants and among people who are used to the plate by the way it came to Brazil from Japanese immigrants, (). They can be found mostly in Chinese restaurants, usually served with a ''molho agridoce'' (sweet and sour sauce) to dip, usually bright red and hot, made with ketchup, vinegar, sugar and sometimes spices such as star anise, which accompanies some other kinds of dishes, and can include onion and sweet pepper. Some Japanese restaurants also serve spring rolls in Brazil, but generally plain or with soy sauce to dip (''molho agridoce'' is also available in some). They are also found in buffet-like fast food restaurants, and can be called either by the Japanese or Brazilian Portuguese name, but most often the latter.

Chile

In Chile, spring rolls are called ''arrollado primavera'', and supermarkets, street vendors and Chinese restaurants sell them. (However, in other countries, "arrollado primavera" refers to a savoury pinwheel-type roll made with thin sponge cake and should not be confused with the Chilean version.)

Costa Rica

In Costa Rica, spring rolls are called in Spanish ''rollito de primavera'' ("little spring roll"), but are popularly known as "Taco Chino" and are offered in almost all Chinese restaurants as an entree or appetizer.

Mexico

In Mexico, spring rolls are called ''rollos primavera'' (which translates directly to "spring rolls") and are sold in many Chinese restaurants and fast-food establishments accompanied with sweet and sour or soy sauces. On the northwest border with the US, especially in Mexicali, Baja California, the spring rolls are known as ''chunkun''; this name could be related to the Korean chungwon (춘권). They are deep-fried and usually served with ketchup topped with a dot of hot mustard as a dipping sauce.

Argentina and Uruguay

In Argentina and Uruguay, spring rolls are commonly known as ''empanaditas chinas'' (Chinese turnover) and also ''arrolladitos primavera'' (which translates directly to "spring rolls"), and supermarkets and Chinese restaurants sell them. They are a common treat carried by catering services and are usually served with a small bowl of sweet and sour sauce to dip them in.

Venezuela

In Venezuela, spring rolls are called ''lumpia'' as in the Philippines and Indonesia. Many Chinese restaurants sell them, and they are usually served with sweet and sour or soy sauce.

See also

* Chả giò
* Egg roll
* Dim sum
* List of stuffed dishes
* Lumpia
* Pastel
* Popiah
* Sambousa
* Summer roll

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spring Roll
Articles containing video clips
American Chinese cuisine
Appetizers
Australian Chinese cuisine
New Zealand Chinese cuisine
Polynesian Chinese cuisine
Canadian Chinese cuisine
French Polynesian cuisine
Cantonese cuisine
Dim sum
Hong Kong cuisine
Indonesian Chinese cuisine
Southeast Asian cuisine
Stuffed dishes
Taiwanese cuisine

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