Spanish Braille is the

braille Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are blind, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on embossed paper or by using refreshable braille disp ...

alphabet of

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...

and Galician. It is very close to French Braille, with the addition of a letter for ''ñ'', slight modification of the accented letters and some differences in punctuation. Further conventions have been unified by the Latin American Blind Union, but differences with Spain remain.

Alphabet

The French Braille letters for vowels with a grave accent, ''à è ù,'' are used in Spanish Braille for vowels with an acute accent, ''á é ú''. In addition, French ''ï'' is reassigned to Spanish ''ñ''. Thus, in numerical order, the letters are: : At one point, French ''w'' was apparently used for Spanish ''ü'', reflecting its pronunciation, and French ''ô'' (a rotated ''v'') for Spanish ''w'', which is found in foreign words.http://www.zazzle.com/rlv/isapi/designall.dll?action=realview&pdt=zazzle_postcard&pending=false&pid=239875665678761477&rvtype=product&view=front&max_dim=1000&bg=dddddd&square_it=true&draw_relative_size=true&type=standard_postcard&front=front_horz&back=back_horz&drawareaboundingbox=false&drawsafearea=false

Digits

Digits are the first ten letters of the alphabet, and are marked by , as in English Braille.

Punctuation

Single punctuation: (The same character is used for a full stop and for an apostrophe, as in Portuguese Braille. Spanish does not use the apostrophe in standard writing, and in Portuguese it is only present in a few fixed phrases.) Paired punctuation:

Formatting

'Emphasis' may be bold or italic in print. See Portuguese Braille for a more complete account, much of which is likely to apply to Spanish Braille.

Other languages

The full Spanish Braille alphabet is used for Galician as well. The letter for ''ñ'' is shared with Basque Braille (which has no additional letters) and with Guarani Braille (which does). It is not, however, used for the languages of the Philippines, which instead use an accent dot of English Braille with ''n'', , for ''ñ''. (See

basic braille The goal of braille uniformity is to unify the braille alphabets of the world as much as possible, so that literacy in one braille alphabet readily transfers to another. Unification was first achieved by a convention of the ''International Congre ...

.) Punctuation for Galician and Basque Braille is the same as that of Spanish Braille.

References

*UNESCO (2013
World Braille Usage
3rd edition.
Proel1951 UNESCO report on standardizing Spanish and Portuguese Braille
{{Braille French-ordered braille alphabets Spanish language