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Soran () or Diana (, ) is a city in
The city and district of Soran or Suran is named after the Sorani Kurds who inhabit the same geographical region. Surani people are first attested during the rule of the Urartian Empire to have lived in modern Soran district stretching up to the areas around lake Urmia in Iran. Sorani Kurds have given their name to the Sorani Dialect as well, which is one of the three branches of Kurdish language.
Cuneiform texts spanning the Early Bronze Age to the early Iron Age suggest the Soran district formed the territorial core of the Hurro-Urartian kingdom of Musasir (Ardini), famed as home to the trans-regional cult center of the Hurrian storm-god Haldi. The Neo-Assyrian king Sargon II in 714 BC during his renowned Eighth Campaign conquered Soran, which he refers to it as Sarun, and sacked the temple and its treasury. Archaeological reconnaissance and excavations have revealed evidence for human occupation over the long duration of occupations with clear evidence of the region’s prosperity in the later Bronze and early Iron Age.
The Muslim army led by Utaiba bin Farqad al Salami conquered Soran and the surrounding areas in 642 (22 A.H.), after they defeated the Kurdish forces in Mosul and Erbil plains. The Muslims gave Soran and Rawanduz area the name 'al-Hanana'.
In the Medieval era Soran was at the heart of the
Erbil Governorate
ku, پارێزگای ھەولێر
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, image_skyline = Collage_of_Hawler_-_Erbil_Governorate.jpg
, imagesize =
, image_caption = Clockwise, from top: ...
, and the capital of Soran District
Soran ( ku, قەزای سۆران, ar, قضاء سوران) is a district and an independent administration of the Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region, bordering Iran and Turkey. Its main city is Soran.
Sub-Districts
Soran District is similar ...
in Kurdistan Region
Kurdistan Region ( ku, هەرێمی کوردستان, translit=Herêmî Kurdistan; ar, إقليم كردستان), abbr. KRI, is an autonomous region in Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority governorates of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok ...
, Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
. Soran is one of the largest cities in Kurdistan Region
Kurdistan Region ( ku, هەرێمی کوردستان, translit=Herêmî Kurdistan; ar, إقليم كردستان), abbr. KRI, is an autonomous region in Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority governorates of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok ...
with a population of about 125,000 people.
History
The city and district of Soran or Suran is named after the Sorani Kurds who inhabit the same geographical region. Surani people are first attested during the rule of the Urartian Empire to have lived in modern Soran district stretching up to the areas around lake Urmia in Iran. Sorani Kurds have given their name to the Sorani Dialect as well, which is one of the three branches of Kurdish language.
Cuneiform texts spanning the Early Bronze Age to the early Iron Age suggest the Soran district formed the territorial core of the Hurro-Urartian kingdom of Musasir (Ardini), famed as home to the trans-regional cult center of the Hurrian storm-god Haldi. The Neo-Assyrian king Sargon II in 714 BC during his renowned Eighth Campaign conquered Soran, which he refers to it as Sarun, and sacked the temple and its treasury. Archaeological reconnaissance and excavations have revealed evidence for human occupation over the long duration of occupations with clear evidence of the region’s prosperity in the later Bronze and early Iron Age.
The Muslim army led by Utaiba bin Farqad al Salami conquered Soran and the surrounding areas in 642 (22 A.H.), after they defeated the Kurdish forces in Mosul and Erbil plains. The Muslims gave Soran and Rawanduz area the name 'al-Hanana'.
In the Medieval era Soran was at the heart of the Soran Emirate
Soran Emirate ( ku, میرنشینی سۆران) was a medieval Kurdish emirate established before the conquest of Kurdistan by Ottoman Empire in 1514 and later revived by Emir Kor centered in Rawandiz from 1816 to 1836. Kor was ousted in an off ...
which was established by the Soran Dynasty, it lasted until late 19th century.
In the 1920s a settlement in Soran was established by the British to settle the Assyrian Christian refugees as part of the Assyrian settlement scheme in northern Iraq knows as the Z plan, the settlement came to be known as Diana.
The former Iraqi regime during Anfal Campaign and the Arabization process changed the city's name to Diana and later to Qadha Al Siddiq (District of Saddiq), after the Kurdish uprising in 1991 its name was changed back to Soran.
Tourist areas
Soran city is a very beautiful area. Due to its mountainous nature, it has many tourist attractions, including: * Jondian * Bekhal * Geli Ali Beg Waterfall * Hassan Beg * SakranGovernment
The current sub-governor of the Soran district is Halgurd Sheikh Najib. He was appointed by the governor of Erbil.Climate
Soran has aMediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate (also called a dry summer temperate climate ''Cs'') is a temperate climate sub-type, generally characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, fairly wet winters; these weather conditions are typically experienced in the ...
(''Csa'') with very hot, dry summers, and cool to cold, damp, humid winters.
See also
*Kurdistan
Kurdistan ( ku, کوردستان ,Kurdistan ; lit. "land of the Kurds") or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languag ...
(cultural area)
* Kurdistan Region
Kurdistan Region ( ku, هەرێمی کوردستان, translit=Herêmî Kurdistan; ar, إقليم كردستان), abbr. KRI, is an autonomous region in Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority governorates of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok ...
(in Iraq)
References
{{coord, 36, 39, 38, N, 44, 33, 3, E, display=title, region:IQ_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki Populated places in Erbil Governorate Assyrian communities in Iraq Kurdish settlements in Iraq