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The Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom ( fa, جامعهٔ مدرسین حوزهٔ علمیهٔ قم, jâme'e madrasin howze 'ilmiah Qom) is an Iranian group founded in 1961/3 by the leading Muslim clerics of Qom. Established by the students of Ayatollah Khomeini after his exile to Iraq, it was formed in order to organize political activities of Khomeini's followers and promote his revolutionary interpretation of Islam, such as the idea of Islamic government.
Since the 1979 revolution, it has largely become the body to keep the regime's registrar of who counts as a grand ayatollah, an Ayatollah and a Hojjat ul Islam. It has a head who is appointed by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic. It currently heads the Supreme Council of Qom
Its founders, none of whom were Ayatollahs at the time, were:
*
رهبر خواست به فکر جانشین باشیم!.:: پایگاه اطلاع رسانی حیات-صفحه اصلی ::.
* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20121105063859/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/parties/modaressineqom/ Iran Data Portal - Society of the Lecturers of Qom Seminary (JMHEQ)
Official Website
Shia organizations Qom Province Principlist political groups in Iran Iranian clerical political groups 1961 establishments in Iran Qom Seminary {{Islam-org-stub
The Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom ( fa, جامعهٔ مدرسین حوزهٔ علمیهٔ قم, jâme'e madrasin howze 'ilmiah Qom) is an Iranian group founded in 1961/3 by the leading Muslim clerics of Qom. Established by the students of Ayatollah Khomeini after his exile to Iraq, it was formed in order to organize political activities of Khomeini's followers and promote his revolutionary interpretation of Islam, such as the idea of Islamic government.
Since the 1979 revolution, it has largely become the body to keep the regime's registrar of who counts as a grand ayatollah, an Ayatollah and a Hojjat ul Islam. It has a head who is appointed by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic. It currently heads the Supreme Council of Qom Hawza
A hawza ( ar, حوزة) or ḥawzah ʿilmīyah ( ar, حوزة علمیة) is a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated.
The word ''ḥawzah'' is found in Arabic as well as the Persian language. In Arabic, the word means "to hold s ...
s, and proposes judges to the judiciary system.
The body gained international prominence when it announced in 1981 that Ayatollah Shariatmadari was no longer a source of emulation (marja'
Marji ( ar, مرجع, transliteration: ''marjiʿ''; plural: ''marājiʿ''), literally meaning "source to follow" or "religious reference", is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia authority, a Grand Ayatollah with the authority giv ...
). It has demoted a number of clerics over the last three decades. A recent case was that of Ayatollah Yousef Saanei
Grand Ayatollah Yousef Saanei ( fa, يوسف صانعى; 16 October 1937 – 12 September 2020) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja' and politician, a member of the Islamic Republic of Iran's powerful Guardian Council from 1980 to 1983 and al ...
who for his solidarity with the green movement was demoted from marja' to hojatoleslam
Hujjat al-Islam (from ''ḥujjat-u l-Islām'') (also Hojatoleslam) is an honorific title meaning "authority on Islam" or "proof of Islam".
Sunni Islam
Its first recorded use was in a Sunni Islam, Sunni context, as a title for the 11th-century t ...
. The Society also includes Ayatollah Sistani on its list.Founders
Its founders, none of whom were Ayatollahs at the time, were:
*Fazel Lankarani
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Fazel Lankarani (1931 – June 16, 2007) was an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja'. He was student of Grand Ayatollah Borujerdi. He was a child of a Persian mother and an Azerbaijani father.
Biography and clerical activities ...
* Azari Qomi
* Ebrahim Amini
Ayatollah Ebrahim Amini (30 June 1925 – 24 April 2020) was an Iranian conservative politician who was a member of the Assembly of Experts. He was also a member of the Expediency Discernment Council, and was previously identified as a possible ...
* Ali Meshkini
Ali Akbar Feiz Aleni ( fa, علیاکبر فیض آلنی; 2 December 1921 – 30 July 2007), better known as Ali Meshkini, was an Iranian cleric and politician.
Life
Meshkini was an Iranian Azerbaijani born in a village near Meshkin Shahr ...
* Hossein-Ali Montazeri
* Qoddusi
* Rabbani Shirazi
Current members
* Ayatollah Morteza Moghtadai * Grand AyatollahNaser Makarem Shirazi
Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi (, born 25 February 1927 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian Shia '' marja and religious leader.
Biography
He was born in the city of Shiraz, Iran. According to his website, his father was Ali Mohammad, his g ...
* Grand Ayatollah Hossein Mazaheri
* Ayatollah Ahmad Khatami
* Ayatollah Ahmad Jannati
Ahmad Jannati ( fa, احمد جنتی, born 23 February 1927) is an Iranian conservative politician. He was born in Ladan, Isfahan. Jannati is known for his anti-LGBT rhetoric and opposition to secularism. He is also a founding member of the Ha ...
* Ayatollah Hashem Hosseini Bushehri
Seyyed Hashem Hosseini Bushehri ( fa, سید هاشم حسینی بوشهری) is an Iranian Twelver Shia cleric who was born in 1956 in Bandar-e Deyr, Bushehr province. Hosseini Bushehri is the representative of Bushehr province in the Assembl ...
Late Members
*Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Fazel Lankarani *Grand Ayatollah Moslem Malakouti *Grand AyatollahHussein-Ali Montazeri
Grand Ayatollah Hussein-Ali Montazeri ( fa, حسینعلی منتظری ; 24 September 1922 – 19 December 2009) was an Iranian Shia Islamic theologian, Islamic democracy advocate, writer and human rights activist. He was one of the lea ...
*Ayatollah Ali Meshkini
Ali Akbar Feiz Aleni ( fa, علیاکبر فیض آلنی; 2 December 1921 – 30 July 2007), better known as Ali Meshkini, was an Iranian cleric and politician.
Life
Meshkini was an Iranian Azerbaijani born in a village near Meshkin Shahr ...
*Ayatollah Abolghasem Khazali
*Ayatollah Mohammad-Hadi Ma'refat
*Ayatollah Ahmad Azari Qomi
Grand Ayatollah Ahmad Azari-Qomi-Bigdeli was an Iranian cleric. Born in 1925 in Qom, after the 1979 Iranian Revolution he served on the Special Clerical Court, and Assembly of Experts, founded the conservative Resalat Newspaper. He was arrested ...
*Ayatollah Ebrahim Amini
Ayatollah Ebrahim Amini (30 June 1925 – 24 April 2020) was an Iranian conservative politician who was a member of the Assembly of Experts. He was also a member of the Expediency Discernment Council, and was previously identified as a possible ...
* Ayatollah Mohammad Yazdi
Mohammad Yazdi ( fa, محمد یزدی, 2 July 1931 – 9 December 2020) was an Iranian conservative and principlist cleric who served as the head of Judiciary System of Iran between 1989 and 1999. In 2015, he was elected to lead Iran's Assembl ...
* Ayatollah Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yazdi
Ayatollah Taqi Mesbah ( fa, تقی مصباح; born Taqi Givechi, fa, تقی گیوهچی), commonly known as Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi ( fa, محمدتقی مصباح یزدی, 31 January 1935 – 1 January 2021) was an Iranian Shi' ...
Activities
The Society approves a list of marjas in Qom. In 1963 the Society declared Ayatollah Khomeini asmarja'
Marji ( ar, مرجع, transliteration: ''marjiʿ''; plural: ''marājiʿ''), literally meaning "source to follow" or "religious reference", is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia authority, a Grand Ayatollah with the authority giv ...
. In 1994, after the death of Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Ali Araki
, location =
, Title = Grand Ayatollah
, Period =
, Predecessor =
, Successor =
, ordination =
, post =
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Arak, Iran
, death_date =
, death_place = Qom, Iran ...
, the Society nominated seven of the Ulama
In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious ...
as his successors to be marja', including Ayatollah Khamenei
Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei ( fa, سید علی حسینی خامنهای, ; born 19 April 1939) is a Twelver Shia '' marja and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously the third president ...
.
In 2022, during Iranian_protests, the society urged the authorities to execute and use the amputation punishment to deter people from joining the protests.https://www.iranintl.com/en/202212246315
See also
* List of Ayatollahs *List of Maraji
Maraji are the supreme legal authority for Twelver Shia Muslims. The following articles contain lists of Maraji:
* List of current Maraji''
* List of deceased Maraji''
See also
* Marja'
*Ijtihad
*Hawza
* Risalah (fiqh)
*List of Ayatollahs
Th ...
* Marja
*Ayatollah
Ayatollah ( ; fa, آیتالله, āyatollāh) is an honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy in Iran and Iraq that came into widespread usage in the 20th century.
Etymology
The title is originally derived from Arabic word p ...
* Ijtihad
* History of principle-ism in Iran
* Council for Spreading Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's Thoughts
*Haghani Circle
Haghani school (also Haqqani) is a Shi'i school of thought in Iran based in the holy city of Qom and formerly headed by Ayatollah Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi, an influential theologian. The Haghani Circle has its origin in the Haghani seminary, f ...
* List of current Maraji
This article provides the list of ''Maraji'' (plural of ''Marja'', the supreme legal authority or the source of emulation), followed by Twelver (also known as ''Imamiyyah'') Shia Muslims around the world. The concept of a ''Marja-i Taqlid'' (lit. ...
* List of deceased Maraji
This article provides the list of deceased ''Maraji'' (plural of ''Marja'', the supreme legal authority or the source of emulation), both current and deceased, followed by Twelver (also known as ''Imamiyyah'') Shia Muslims around the world. The con ...
References
Sources
رهبر خواست به فکر جانشین باشیم!
* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20121105063859/http://www.princeton.edu/irandataportal/parties/modaressineqom/ Iran Data Portal - Society of the Lecturers of Qom Seminary (JMHEQ)
Bibliography
The Society of Teachers from Qom Seminary from the Beginning to the present, Seyyed Mohsen Saleh and Alireza Javadzadeh, Publisher: Islamic Revolution Documentation CenterExternal links
Official Website
Shia organizations Qom Province Principlist political groups in Iran Iranian clerical political groups 1961 establishments in Iran Qom Seminary {{Islam-org-stub