Slovaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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The Slovak diaspora refers to both historical and present emigration from Slovakia, as well as from the former Czechoslovakia. The country with the largest number of
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
living abroad is the United States.


Slovak diaspora in Romania

Approximately 17,000-21,000 ethnic
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
live in Romania. The largest Slovak communities live in the following counties: # Bihor RO, Bihar SK (7,370) # Arad RO & SK (5,695) # Timiș RO, Temeš SK(1,908) # Sălaj RO, Salaš SK (1,366) # Caraș-Severin RO, Krašovsko-severinská župa SK (340) #
Satu Mare Satu Mare (; hu, Szatmárnémeti ; german: Sathmar; yi, סאטמאר or ) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the ...
RO, Satmárska župa SK (186) #
Hunedoara Hunedoara (; german: Eisenmarkt; hu, Vajdahunyad ) is a municipiu, city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located in southwestern Transylvania near the Poiana Ruscă Mountains, and administers five villages: Boș (''Bós''), Groș ...
RO, Huňadská župa SK (100) The Slovak diaspora in Romania could be divided into two major groups:


Group 1: The Slovaks of Arad county

This group could be found in the flat Romanian county of Banat, especially around the town of
Nădlac Nădlac (; sk, Nadlak; hu, Nagylak) is a town in western Romania, Arad County. A former part of the town lies across the border with Hungary; this village is called Nagylak. An international border town, Nădlac is the main border crossing into ...
, RO (Nadlak, SK). In the sense of economy and culture, this is quite a developed society, in Nădlac, RO (Nadlak, SK), there is a Slovak school operating and Slovak books get printed there. The Slovaks in the county of Arad are descendants of the secondary colonizing generations - meaning, the Slovak communities re-settled there from Békéscsaba, HU (Békečská Čaba, SK), in Hungary in the 19th century. Today, Slovaks create in the town of Nădlac alone almost half of its population. According to the 2011 census, the ethnic structure of
Nădlac Nădlac (; sk, Nadlak; hu, Nagylak) is a town in western Romania, Arad County. A former part of the town lies across the border with Hungary; this village is called Nagylak. An international border town, Nădlac is the main border crossing into ...
is: * Romanians 47.26% *
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
43.85% *
Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council *Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...
5.1% * Hungarians 2.37% * Others 1.75%


Group 2: The Slovaks of Munții Plopiș highlands (Bihar & Sălaj counties)

Munții Plopiș, RO (Plopišské Vrchy, SK) are a part of the Romanian mountains located to the east of the city of
Oradea Oradea (, , ; german: Großwardein ; hu, Nagyvárad ) is a city in Romania, located in Crișana, a sub-region of Transylvania. The county seat, seat of Bihor County, Oradea is one of the most important economic, social and cultural centers in the ...
, on a border of two counties - Bihor, RO (Bihar, SK) and Sălaj, RO (Salaš, SK). The
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
living there are the descendants of the colonials arriving in three waves between 1790 and 1838. A big part of the Plopiš highlands Slovaks took part in the Czecho-Slovak emigration after the World War 2. They settled in Czechia, along the border of Slovakia, where they create a specific society today. Bihor county is mostly mountainous. Localities where the Slovak communities live can be found on these mountains, such as
Șinteu Șinteu ( sk, Nová Huta; hu, Sólyomkővár) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 1,021 people. It is composed of four villages: Huta Voivozi (''Stará Huta''; ''Almaszeghuta''), Socet (''Huta Sočet''; ''Forduló' ...
, RO (Nová Huta, SK); Făgetu, RO (Gemelčička, SK); Șerani, RO (Šarany, SK);
Sacalasău Nou Derna ( hu, Felsőderna) is a commune in northeastern Bihor County, Crișana, Romania, 50 km from the county seat, Oradea and 35 km from Marghita. It borders the communes of Popești, Chișlaz, Brusturi and Spinuș. It is composed ...
, RO (Nový Šastelek, SK); Marca Huta, RO (Bojovksé, SK); Budoi, RO (Bodonoš, SK); Valea Cerului, RO (Čerpotok, SK); Borumlaca -Vărzari, RO (Boromlak - Varzaľ, SK); Fegernic RO & SK; Lugașu de Jos, RO (Lugaše, SK); Zăuan-Băi, RO (Zavaň, SK). A village with the highest number of Slovaks is a part of this group - Șinteu, RO (Nová Huta, SK), located in the Bihor county, according to census in 2002, from the total number of inhabitants 1.287, the
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
were numbered at 1.264. There is a Slovak school or a kindergarten in almost every village. The Slovak highschool Theoretical Lyceum of Jozef Kozáček is also located in Budoi. Teachers are sent to two schools by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sports of the
Slovak Republic Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...
(in Șinteu and Făgetu), who work in the area as support for Slovak compatriots. In almost every village there are Slovak priests who are natives of this area.


Religious structure of the Slovak diaspora in Romania

The religious structure of
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
in Romania could be also divided into two sections. The majority of Bihor county
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
are
Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
, meanwhile the majority of
Arad county Arad County () is an administrative division ( judeţ) of Romania roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with Hungary, mostly in the region of Crișana and few villages in Banat. The administrative center ...
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
are Lutherans. Due to intermarriages, we can also see some
Orthodox Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pag ...
and
Byzantine Catholics The term Greek Catholic Church can refer to a number of Eastern Catholic Churches following the Byzantine (Greek) liturgy, considered collectively or individually. The terms Greek Catholic, Greek Catholic church or Byzantine Catholic, Byzantine Ca ...
among them. According to the census from 2020, this is religious structure of the Slovak diaspora in Romania overall: #
Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
67.22% # Lutherans 17.65% #
Orthodox Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pag ...
3.94% # Pentecostal 3.62% #
Byzantine Catholics The term Greek Catholic Church can refer to a number of Eastern Catholic Churches following the Byzantine (Greek) liturgy, considered collectively or individually. The terms Greek Catholic, Greek Catholic church or Byzantine Catholic, Byzantine Ca ...
3.52% # Other or unaffiliated 4.92%


Political representation of the ethnic Slovaks in Romania

Since the
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
are officially recognised as an ethnic minority in Romania, they share together with Czechs a common representative Adrian Merka since 2008 for Democratic Union of Czechs and Slovaks in Romania.


Education

In 1995, the second Slovak lyceum in Romania was established in the Slovak locality of Budoi, RO (Bodonoš, SK) in the Bihor-Sălaj county, which was named after the important Slovak canon in Oradea, RO (Veľký Varadín, SK) Jozef Kozáček (Jozef Kozáček's Theoretical Lyceum). This high school is focused on the study of languages and is studied mainly by students from the surrounding Slovak communities. At present, there are 2 Slovak high schools in Romania (in
Nădlac Nădlac (; sk, Nadlak; hu, Nagylak) is a town in western Romania, Arad County. A former part of the town lies across the border with Hungary; this village is called Nagylak. An international border town, Nădlac is the main border crossing into ...
and in Budoi) - and there are also primary schools for the I. - VIII. year, another 3 primary schools for I. - VIII. years are in Huta Voivozi, RO (Stará Huta, SK); Făgetu, RO (Gemelčička, SK) and Șerani, RO (Šarany, SK), and in addition, there are also 12 other primary schools in Slovakia for Slovaks for years I. - IV. and 14 nurseries as well. On top of that, Slovak as a mother tongue is taught in several other schools as well.


Significant localities with Slovak population in Romania

The data are from 2002 and 1992.


Slovak diaspora in Serbia

The majority of the Slovak diaspora in Serbia is concentrated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, with the capital Novi Sad.


Vojvodina Slovaks

Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
are the third most numerous nationality in the province of Vojvodina. According to the 2011 census, they form an absolute majority in the Bački Petrovac
SRB SRB or Srb may refer to: Places * Serbia (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code SRB), a country in Central/Southeastern Europe * Srb, a village in Croatia Organizations * State Research Bureau (organisation), former Ugandan intelligence agency * Sin ...
, Báčsky Petrovec SK district (65.37%) and they are the most numerous nationality in the Kovačica district (41.85%). The Vojvodina Slovaks are descendants of mostly Lutheran emigrants from the 18th and 19th centuries, who settled in the Vojvodina fertile territory, sparsely inhabited after its devastation by the
Ottoman Turks The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, ...
. The main causes of Slovak emigration were difficult economic and social conditions, considerable overcrowding and a lack of existential opportunities in their native regions. According to the 2020 census, the largest Slovak communities are in: # Stara Pazova
SRB SRB or Srb may refer to: Places * Serbia (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code SRB), a country in Central/Southeastern Europe * Srb, a village in Croatia Organizations * State Research Bureau (organisation), former Ugandan intelligence agency * Sin ...
(Stará Pazova SK) # Kovačica
SRB SRB or Srb may refer to: Places * Serbia (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code SRB), a country in Central/Southeastern Europe * Srb, a village in Croatia Organizations * State Research Bureau (organisation), former Ugandan intelligence agency * Sin ...
and SK # Bački Petrovac
SRB SRB or Srb may refer to: Places * Serbia (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code SRB), a country in Central/Southeastern Europe * Srb, a village in Croatia Organizations * State Research Bureau (organisation), former Ugandan intelligence agency * Sin ...
(Báčsky Petrovec SK) # Padina
SRB SRB or Srb may refer to: Places * Serbia (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code SRB), a country in Central/Southeastern Europe * Srb, a village in Croatia Organizations * State Research Bureau (organisation), former Ugandan intelligence agency * Sin ...
and SK # Kovačica # Kisač
SRB SRB or Srb may refer to: Places * Serbia (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code SRB), a country in Central/Southeastern Europe * Srb, a village in Croatia Organizations * State Research Bureau (organisation), former Ugandan intelligence agency * Sin ...
(Kysáč SK) The data are from 2002 census.


Slovak diaspora in Croatia

The Slovak diaspora in Croatia is concentrated mainly in the area of the town of
Osijek Osijek () is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,848 in 2021. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja ...
in the Osijek-Baranja County (districts of
Našice Našice () is a town in eastern Croatia, located on the northern slopes of the Krndija mountain in eastern Slavonia, 51 km southwest of regional hub Osijek. Administratively it belongs to Osijek-Baranja County. Geography Našice is located ...
, Djakovo, Novska,
Osijek Osijek () is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,848 in 2021. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja ...
, Vukovar). A number of
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
also live in the
Sisak Sisak (; hu, Sziszek ; also known by other alternative names) is a city in central Croatia, spanning the confluence of the Kupa, Sava and Odra rivers, southeast of the Croatian capital Zagreb, and is usually considered to be where the Posavin ...
area. Despite its small number, the Slovak minority in Croatia has significant cultural rights. There are some important Slovak institutions such as Matica Slovenská. The data are from census of 2011.


Slovak diaspora in Hungary

Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
are the third largest ethnic minority in Hungary. According to the official census, their number ranges from 17.693 to 110.000, which is an estimate of the Slovak organizations with seat in Hungary.


History of the Slovak diaspora in Hungary

Slovaks lived in what is today's modern Hungary, especially northern Hungary, in many villages at least until the late Middle Ages as a remnant of Slavic settlement living there already before the arrival of the Hungarians. Developments in the coming period remain unexplored due to lack of objective interest from the Hungarian authorities for the time being, with the exception of Hungarian biased nationalist circles spreading inaccurate information. Most Slovaks came to the territory of today's Hungary as part of the settlement of the so-called Lower Lands ( Serbia, Romania, Croatia) after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, more precisely from the end of the 17th to the 19th century. In addition to the traditional Slovak-language islands in Hungarian territory, the former Pest County in 1790 was 52% Slovak., in Pest in 1829 there were just as many Slovaks as there were Hungarians and in 1900 there were about 100,000 Slovaks living in Budapest, the capital of Hungary (Budapest was the city with the largest number of Slovaks in Europe, hence the negative perception from the Hungarians today). In the area between Budapest and today's Slovak border, Slovaks still lived in about half of the villages in 1880s and 1890s, in several areas they even made up more than 50% or 100%. In Nyíregyháza (founded in 1749 as a Slovak settlement) in the 1980s, 8,600 Slovaks lived in addition to more than 13,000 Hungarians, and these Slovaks were called Tirpák. Szeged also had a large Slovak population at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1920, according to the official Hungarian census, Slovaks still lived as a minority in Hungary in 78 municipalities, with the majority in 41 municipalities (50-75% 21 municipalities, 75-100% 20 municipalities). At that time, more than 500 Slovaks lived in the counties of Székesfehérvár HU (Stoličný Belehrad SK), Komárno SK (Komárom, HU), Veszprém HU (Vesprém SK), Esztergom HU (Ostrihom, SK), Hont SK & HU, Novohrad SK (Nógrád HU), Csongrád HU (Čongrad SK), Heves HU (Heveš SK), Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok HU (Jasovsko-Veľkokumánsko-Solnocká župa SK), Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun HU (Peštiansko-pilišsko-šoltsko-malokumánska župa SK), Budapest HU (Budapešť SK), Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén HU (Abovsko-Turnianska, Boršadská SK). In 1920, 59.464 of the officially led Slovaks were Roman Catholic, 75.229 were Lutherans, 7.723 were
Calvinists Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca ...
, 734 were Jews, the rest (approx. 850) were of other religions. The exchange of population between Czechoslovakia and Hungary in the late 1940s reduced their number by about 70.000. Today, Slovaks still live in Békés HU (Békešská župa SK), Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén HU (Abovsko-Turnianska, Boršadská župa SK), Komárom-Esztergom HU (Komárno-Ostrihom SK), Novohrad SK (Nógrád HU) and Pest HU (Pešť SK) counties and in the capital Budapest. Their center is Békéscsaba HU (Békešská Čaba SK). Since the 1990s, they have had national Slovak self-government and self-government at the regional level. The weekly newspapers Ľudové noviny also has an online edition. There are two national Slovak grammar schools in the country - in Budapest and in Békešská Čaba (Békesczaba HU), compared to the 19 Hungarian ones functioning in Slovakia. The modern settlement of Slovaks in Hungary is mainly related to the hinterland of
Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approxim ...
, the Slovak capital, while the percentage of approximately 50% was reached by ethnic Slovaks in the village of Rajka.


Numbers of Slovaks in Hungary since 1880

Number of Slovaks in Hungary according to official Hungarian Kingdoms / Hungarian statistics: * 1880: ** in the whole of Kingdom of Hungary including both present day Slovakia and present-day Hungary: 1,855,000 Slovaks + 219,404 Hungarians fluent in Slovak (a total of 2,074,404 people) ** in the whole of Kingdom of Hungary except present day Slovakia territory: 365.293 Slovaks + unknown number of Hungarians fluent in Slovak. * 1900 **: only in counties of Székesfehérvár HU (Stoličný Belehrad SK), Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun (Peštiansko-pilišsko-šoltsko-malokumánska župa SK), Borsod HU (Bošrod SK), Békés HU (Békeš SK), Esztergom HU (Ostrihom SK), Csanád HU (Čanád) and Budapest HU (Budapešť SK) 161,636 Slovaks. * 1910 **: ** in the whole of Kingdom of Hungary including both present day Slovakia and present day Hungary: 1,946,000 * Slovaks + 547,802 Hungarians fluent in Slovak (a total of 2,493,802 people) ** in the whole of Kingdom of Hungary except present day Slovakia territory: 261,319* Slovaks + unknown number of Hungarians fluent in Slovak. ** only in counties of Székesfehérvár HU (Stoličný Belehrad SK), Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun (Peštiansko-pilišsko-šoltsko-malokumánska župa SK), Borsod HU (Bošrod SK), Békés HU (Békeš SK), Esztergom HU (Ostrihom SK), Csanád HU (Čanád) and Budapest HU (Budapešť SK) 145,007 Slovaks + 158,747 Hungarians fluent in Slovak (a total of 303,754 people) * 1920: 141,882
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
+ 257,294* Hungarians fluent in Slovak (a total of 399,176 people) * 1930: 104,819
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
* 1941: 75,920
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
(
mother tongue A first language, native tongue, native language, mother tongue or L1 is the first language or dialect that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period. In some countries, the term ''native language'' or ''mother tongu ...
; within the borders of today's Hungary only) * 1945-1949: Hungary dismissed 71,969
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
, 7,783 of which illegally, 4,230 before population exchange, the rest within population exchange. *1949 ***: 25,988
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
(by
mother tongue A first language, native tongue, native language, mother tongue or L1 is the first language or dialect that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period. In some countries, the term ''native language'' or ''mother tongu ...
) *1990: 10,459
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
; 12,745 persons with Slovak mother tongue; 68,852 persons fluent in Slovak. *2001: 17,693
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
; 11,816 persons with Slovak mother tongue; 18,056 persons fluent in Slovak. Data up to 1920 are from, later data are generally available in several sources. According to contemporary Czech- Slovak sources, 630,000 lived in present-day Hungary at the time of the disintegration of Hungarian Kingdom, 350 000 – 450 000, 450,000 / 500,000 – 550,000 of
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
. The above-mentioned sums of Slovaks and Hungarians speaking Slovaks also speak in favor of a number between 400,000 and 500,000 in 1918 (this number has been growing steadily in recent Hungarian censuses, although the teaching of Slovak has been declining - in the end it was practically non-existent) and thus Hungarians had no reason to learn the language) according to the Hungarian censuses, as well as the fact that in 1946 the Czech-Slovak commission preparing for the exchange of the population directly in Hungary counted 473,556 Slovaks applying for the exchange. As of 1990 and 2001, it is stated that the actual number of Slovaks in Hungary is 70,000 or respectively 110,000. In summary, according to statistics, the number of Slovaks in Hungary decreased, depending on the source, from 400,000 - 500,000 / over 300,000 / 145,000 at the beginning of the 20th century to today's official 18,000 people, a decrease in the number of nationalities by 95.5% / 94.2% / 87.5% in only 80 years ithout deducting population change. at a height of approx. 70,000 people Today, the number of Slovaks is paradoxically higher in distant Serbia or Romania, although there were significantly fewer Slovaks in these countries than in Hungary at the time of the disintegration of Hungarian Kingdom.


Notes

* The "mother tongue" was officially mentioned here, but this mother tongue was de facto defined in the official instructions for the census commissioners as the most frequently used language, the language the person spoke "most willingly". (It was not possible to determine whether this also applies to the 1930 census and later) ** Census data from 1910 (similarly from 1900) are skewed to the detriment of non-Hungarians mainly due to a specially defined issue implemented by Hungarian census commissioners (see *), further distortion proves the discrepancy of numbers with the development of birth rates and mortality of individual nationalities and demographically impossible increases of the Hungarian population in individual municipalities compared to previous censuses (so-called statistical Hungarianization) *** If we compare this number with the data from 1941 and the numbers of the population exchange, we will also get a "deficit" of 22,037 Slovaks at the level of official statistics.


Famous Slovaks from the present-day Hungary territory before 1918

* Ondrej Beňo * Samuel Tešedík *
Ján Valašťan Dolinský Ján Valašťan Dolinský (15 February 1892, Békéscsaba (Békéšská Čaba) – 2 March 1965, Nitra) was a Slovak composer, teacher, journalist, esperantist and collector of folk songs. He graduated from a teacher's institute and then work ...
* Matej Markovič * Samuel Mojžišovič * Ľudovít Augustín Haan * Sándor Petőfi (considered himself Hungarian but was of Slovak descent)


Famous Slovaks from the present-day Hungary territory after 1918

* Gregor Papuček * Jozef Markuš * Juraj Antal Dolnozemský * Ondrej Francisci * Pavel Ondrus *
Pál Závada Pál Závada (born 14 December 1954 in Tótkomlós, Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to ...
* Štefan Markuš


Famous sportsmen

* Ladislav Kubala


Culture of Slovak diaspora in Hungary

* Ľudové noviny, a weekly in Slovak * National Slovak self-government Budapest * Research Institute of Slovaks in Hungary * Institute of Slovak Culture in Hungary * House of Slovak Culture in Békéšská Čaba * Internet portal


Education

* Slovak Primary School, Kindergarten and College, Sarvaš * Slovak Bilingual Primary School and Kindergarten, Slovenský Komlóš * General school with Slovak as the language of instruction, Nové Mesto pod Šiatrom * Slovak grammar school, primary school, kindergarten and college, Békešská Čaba Gymnázium, všeobecná škola a kolégium, Békéšská Čaba * Kindergarten, primary school, grammar school and college with Slovak as the language of instruction, Budapest


Elsewhere


Famous people of Slovak descent

* Enki Bilal, a French comic book creator, comics artist and film director. * Jon Voight, an American actor, father Ján Vojtka from
Košice Košice ( , ; german: Kaschau ; hu, Kassa ; pl, Коszyce) is the largest city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary. With a population of app ...
* Eugene Cernan, a retired United States Navy officer and a former NASA astronaut & the last astronaut on the moon. His father was Slovak, his mother was Czech. He kept visiting Slovakia until he was 70 years old. * Renée Geyer, an Australian singer who has long been regarded as one of the finest exponents of jazz, soul and R&B idioms. *
Lukáš Hrádecký Lukáš Hrádecký (; born 24 November 1989) is a Finnish association football, footballer who plays as a Goalkeeper (association football), goalkeeper for Bundesliga club Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Bayer Leverkusen and the Finland national football te ...
, a Slovak-born Finnish football goalkeeper. * Tim Hudak, a politician in Ontario, Canada, and the Leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PC Party). * Angelina Jolie, an American actress and film director. Grandfather Ján Vojtka (John Voight) was from
Košice Košice ( , ; german: Kaschau ; hu, Kassa ; pl, Коszyce) is the largest city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary. With a population of app ...
. *
Jon Bon Jovi John Francis Bongiovi Jr. (born March 2, 1962), known professionally as Jon Bon Jovi, is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and actor. He is best known as the founder and frontman of the rock band Bon Jovi, which was formed in 1983. He ...
, an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor. Grandmother Slovak. He's also Sicilian, German, Russian * Jim Caviezel, an American actor. His grandmother, named Helena, was Slovak * Mike Cervenak, an American baseball player. *
Ricardo de Jaxa Malachowski Ricardo de Jaxa Małachowski (born 14 May 1887 Odessa, died 6 September 1972, Lima) – was a Polish-Peruvian architect, active in Peru, one of the major architects of the capital city of Lima. Overview Ricardo (Polish: ''Ryszard Jaxa-Małachows ...
, a Peruvian architect of Polish and Slovak origin. *
Stan Mikita Stanley Mikita (born Stanislav Guoth; May 20, 1940 – August 7, 2018) was a Slovak-born Canadian ice hockey player for the Chicago Black Hawks of the National Hockey League, generally regarded as the best centre of the 1960s. In 2017, he was n ...
, a Slovak-born Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. Originally named Stanislav Guoth, born in
Sokolče Sokolče is a former village which was situated in the Liptov region of Slovakia. The village was inundated by the reservoir Liptovská Mara in 1975. Famous residents * Stan Mikita - NHL star, member of Hockey Hall of Fame * Ján Starší (1933 ...
,
Banská Bystrica Banská Bystrica (, also known by other alternative names) is a middle-sized town in central Slovakia, located on the Hron River in a long and wide valley encircled by the mountain chains of the Low Tatras, the Veľká Fatra, and the Kremnica Mo ...
*
Paul Newman Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008) was an American actor, film director, race car driver, philanthropist, and entrepreneur. He was the recipient of numerous awards, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three ...
, an American actor, film director, entrepreneur, humanitarian, and professional racing driver. * Andrew Poje, a Canadian ice dancer. * Ivan Reitman, Slovak-Jewish-Canadian film director and film producer, his parents Klára and Ladislav from Komárno. *
Jason Reitman Jason R. Reitman (; born October 19, 1977) is a Canadian-American actor and filmmaker, best known for directing the films ''Thank You for Smoking'' (2005), ''Juno'' (2007), '' Up in the Air'' (2009), ''Young Adult'' (2011), and '' Ghostbusters: ...
, film director * Joe Sestak, a former U.S. Navy three-star Admiral and former American politician. * Jesse Ventura, an American politician, actor, author, veteran, and former professional wrestler. *
Paul Newman Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008) was an American actor, film director, race car driver, philanthropist, and entrepreneur. He was the recipient of numerous awards, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three ...
, actor, mother Terézia Fecková born in Pitičie, Humenné. * Tony Curtis, actor, mother came from Vaľkovo, Poltár. * Pola Negri, first female-European Holywood star, birthname Barbara Apolónia Chalupcová, born in Poland to a Polish mother and Slovak father from Kysuce *
Steve Ihnat Stefan Ihnat (August 7, 1934 – May 12, 1972) was a Slovak-born American actor and director. He emigrated to Canada when he was five years old, and later became a United States citizen. Early life Ihnat was born to Andrew and Mary Ihnat i ...
, actor, birthname Štefan Ihnát, parents from Michalovce district * Jessica Biel, Slovak-Jewish-American actress, Moritz Biel emigrated from Porúbka, Žilina *
Dave Grohl David Eric Grohl (born January 14, 1969) is an American musician. He is the founder of the rock band Foo Fighters, in which he is the lead singer, guitarist, and principal songwriter. Prior to forming Foo Fighters, he was the drummer of gru ...
, rock musician, his ancestry is Slovak, Irish and German * Steve Ditko, Marvel author and artist, both parents Slovak-Americans. *
Justin Jedlica Justin Jedlica (born August 11, 1980), known as the "Human Ken Doll", is an American man who has garnered international attention for undergoing many cosmetic procedures. Cosmetic procedures At the age of seventeen, Jedlica began to research hi ...
, known as human
Ken doll Kenneth Sean Carson is a fashion doll and fictional character invented by Elliot Handler and introduced by American toy company Mattel in 1961 as the counterpart of Barbie, who was introduced two years earlier. Ken was named after Kenneth Handle ...
. Both parents are from
Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approxim ...
* Michael Fincke, American astronaut, holder of a record for most time spent in Space. *
Chuck Bednarik Charles Philip Bednarik (May 1, 1925 – March 21, 2015), nicknamed "Concrete Charlie", was an American professional football player in the National Football League (NFL). He has been ranked one of the hardest hitting tacklers in NFL history an ...
, professional American football player, studied at Slovak school in Pennsylvania, parents were from
Široké Široké () is a village and municipality in Prešov District in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia. History In historical records, the village was first mentioned in 1320. Geography The municipality lies at an altitude of and covers an ar ...
* Lizabeth Scott, birthname Ema Macová, both parents Slovaks who emigrated to the USA. * Peter Lorre, actor, birthname Ladislav Lowenstein, a Slovak-Jewish-American born in Ružomberok, present-day Slovakia, back in 1904 part of Austria-Hungary *
David Dobrik David Dobrik ( Dávid Julián Dobrík (; ; born July 23, 1996)) is a Slovak Internet personality. He found early success on the video-sharing platform Vine, before starting his vlog on YouTube in 2015. In 2019, he co-founded the photography app ...
, youtuber, born in Slovakia, as of 2021 still holder of the Slovak citizenship, born in
Košice Košice ( , ; german: Kaschau ; hu, Kassa ; pl, Коszyce) is the largest city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary. With a population of app ...
* David Boreanaz, actor, his grandmother was Slovak * Andy Warhol, modern artist, Slovak- Ruthenian ethnic, parents from
Miková Miková ( rue, Микова; ) is a village and municipality in Stropkov District in the Prešov Region of north-eastern Slovakia. History In history, historical records the village was first mentioned in 1390. It was known as ''Mikova'' until 189 ...
,
Stropkov Stropkov (; rue, Стропков, hu, Sztropkó, , yi, סטראפקאוו) is a town in Stropkov District, Prešov Region, Slovakia. History The first written data about the town is from 1404, when Stropkov was already labeled as an ''oppid ...
. * Frank Lowy, businessman and philanthropist, Slovak- Jewish- Hungarian ethnic, born in
Fiľakovo Fiľakovo (; hu, Fülek, german: Fülleck, tr, Filek) is a town in the Banská Bystrica Region of south-central Slovakia. Historically it was located in Nógrád County, as part of the Nógrád, Novohrad, "Newcastle" region. Geography It is loc ...
, Slovakia, back then part of Czechoslovakia, * John Dopyera, birthname Ján Dopjera, inventor and entrepreneur funder of a musical instrument
dobro Dobro is an American brand of resonator guitars, currently owned by Gibson and manufactured by its subsidiary Epiphone. The term "dobro" is also used as a generic term for any wood-bodied, single-cone resonator guitar. The Dobro was originally ...
. Born in
Šaštín-Stráže Šaštín-Stráže (german: Schoßberg-Strascha, hu, Sasvár-Morvaőr, tr, Şaşvar) is a town in the Senica District, Trnava Region in western Slovakia. Originally two separate villages, now it is one of the youngest towns in Slovakia, having ...
* Joseph Murgas, birthname Jozef Murgaš, a scientist and inventor born in
Tajov Tajov ( hu, Tajó) is a village and municipality in Banská Bystrica District in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia. History In history, historical records the village was first mentioned in 149 Geography The municipality lies at an ...
,
Banská Bystrica Banská Bystrica (, also known by other alternative names) is a middle-sized town in central Slovakia, located on the Hron River in a long and wide valley encircled by the mountain chains of the Low Tatras, the Veľká Fatra, and the Kremnica Mo ...
* Maximilian Hell, a Slovak-German
Jesuit , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders ...
priest and astronomer, born in
Banská Štiavnica Banská Štiavnica (; german: Schemnitz; hu, Selmecbánya (Selmec), ) is a town in central Slovakia, in the middle of an immense caldera created by the collapse of an ancient volcano. For its size, the caldera is known as the Štiavnica Mountain ...
, Slovakia, back then part of the Hungarian Kingdom * Joseph Goldberger, An American physician and epidemiologist of a Slovak-Jewish ancestry born in
Giraltovce Giraltovce ( hu, Girált, rue, Ґіралтівцї) is a town in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia. History The town was first mentioned in 1383 as ''Giralth''. It was named after a man called Geralth who was first hereditary scultetus (a ...
* Josef Chaim Sonnenfeld, rabbi and co-founder of the Edah HaChareidis, a
Haredi Jewish Haredi Judaism ( he, ', ; also spelled ''Charedi'' in English; plural ''Haredim'' or ''Charedim'') consists of groups within Orthodox Judaism that are characterized by their strict adherence to ''halakha'' (Jewish law) and traditions, in oppos ...
community in Jerusalem, born in Vrbové. * Milan Misik, originally named Milan Mišík, a respected geologist and university professor, born in Skalica *
John D. Hertz John Daniel Hertz, Sr. (April 10, 1879October 8, 1961) was an American businessman, thoroughbred racehorse owner and breeder, and philanthropist. Biography Born Sándor Herz to a Jewish family in Szklabinya, Austria-Hungary (today Sklabiňa, a ...
, a Slovak-Jewish ethnic, businessman, racehorse owner and philanthropist founder of the Yellow Cab company, born in
Martin Martin may refer to: Places * Martin City (disambiguation) * Martin County (disambiguation) * Martin Township (disambiguation) Antarctica * Martin Peninsula, Marie Byrd Land * Port Martin, Adelie Land * Point Martin, South Orkney Islands Austral ...
* Stefan Banic, originally named Štefan Banič, parachute inventor, born in
Smolenice Smolenice ( hu, Szomolány; german: Smolenitz) is a village and municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava Region of Slovakia, on the foothills of the Little Carpathians. It is 60 km northeast of Bratislava and 25 km northwest of Trnava. The ...
* Michael Strank, US marine corps sergeant, killed in the
battle of Iwo Jima The Battle of Iwo Jima (19 February – 26 March 1945) was a major battle in which the United States Marine Corps (USMC) and United States Navy (USN) landed on and eventually captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Imperial Japanese Army (IJ ...
, one of the flag raisers, helped to raise the 2nd flag on mt Suribachi, born in
Jarabina Jarabina, also known as Orjabyna ( rue, Орябина; hu, Berkenyéd) is a village and municipality in Stará Ľubovňa District in the Prešov Region of northern Slovakia. U.S. Marine Michael Strank, Flag Raiser at Iwo Jima, was born here. H ...
* Peter Sagan, a Slovak professional bicycle racer, earned 3 world championships, born in Žilina * Katarina Van Derham, an American model and actress, born in
Ľubochňa Ľubochňa ( hu, Fenyőháza) is a village and municipality in Ružomberok District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia. History In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1818. Geography The municipality lies at an altitud ...
*Vladimir Furdik, actor and stunt performer, born in
Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approxim ...
*
Audrey Hepburn Audrey Hepburn (born Audrey Kathleen Ruston; 4 May 1929 – 20 January 1993) was a British actress and humanitarian. Recognised as both a film and fashion icon, she was ranked by the American Film Institute as the AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars, t ...
, British actress of Slovak-Dutch ancestry. her grandparents were from
Topoľčany district Topoľčany District (''okres Topoľčany'') is a district in the Nitra Region of western Slovakia. It borders Nové Mesto nad Váhom District and Bánovce nad Bebravou District in the north, Piešťany District and Hlohovec District in the west, ...
where they owned a sugar refinery * Tom Selleck, American actor, his father was from eastern Slovakia * Robert Urich, American actor and producer, maternal grandparents from Bardejov, eastern Slovakia and his father from western Slovakia *
Ivan A. Getting Ivan Alexander Getting (January 18, 1912 – October 11, 2003) was an American physicist and electrical engineer, credited (along with Roger L. Easton and Bradford Parkinson) with the development of the Global Positioning System (GPS). He was ...
, physicist and engineer, born to Slovak and German immigrants in the US, his Slovak side is from Bytča * Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, medical researcher and Nobel prize holder, an ethnic Slovak-Hungarian, father from
Smrdáky Smrdáky ( hu, Büdöskő) is a spa village and municipality in Senica District in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. History In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1436. Geography The municipality lies at an altitude of 2 ...
* Diana Krall, a Canadian jazz singer, her grandfather was named Kráľ (ENG: King) and he was from Žilina Region * Joe Baksi, a professional heavy weight US box player, a child of Slovak immigrants from Krásna nad Hornádom, today known as Krásna - a city district of
Košice Košice ( , ; german: Kaschau ; hu, Kassa ; pl, Коszyce) is the largest city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary. With a population of app ...
* Carolyn Forché, professor, editor, human rights activist, her ancestors came from the county of Tatry * Michael Bednarik, a software engineer, US political figure, both of his parents were
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
. * Travis Kalanick, the founder of Uber, his grandparents came from
Valaškovce Valaškovce is a municipality and former village and in Humenné District in the Prešov Region of north-east Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked cou ...
, Humenné * Daddario siblings -
Matthew Matthew may refer to: * Matthew (given name) * Matthew (surname) * ''Matthew'' (ship), the replica of the ship sailed by John Cabot in 1497 * ''Matthew'' (album), a 2000 album by rapper Kool Keith * Matthew (elm cultivar), a cultivar of the Ch ...
,
Alexandra Alexandra () is the feminine form of the given name Alexander (, ). Etymologically, the name is a compound of the Greek verb (; meaning 'to defend') and (; GEN , ; meaning 'man'). Thus it may be roughly translated as "defender of man" or "prot ...
, Catherine, their ancestors came from Krížová Nová Ves, today known as
Krížová Ves Krížová Ves ( hu, Keresztfalu - older name , german: Kreuz, Goral: ''Křizova Vješ'') is a village and municipality in Kežmarok District in the Prešov Region of north Slovakia. History In historical records the village was first mentioned ...
, Kežmarok * Austin Mahone, singer, songwriter who worked himself up from YouTube, his grandfather was a Slovak- Ruthenian (Eastern Slovakia area) *Bianca Maria Kajlich, her father Ján Kajlich was born in
Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approxim ...


See also

* History of Slovakia * List of Slovaks * :People of Slovak descent


References


External links


Slovak diaspora
{{Slovak diaspora European diasporas