The Sixth Army of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

(

Turkish Turkish may refer to: *a Turkic language spoken by the Turks * of or about Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities and mi ...

: ''Altıncı Ordu'') was one of the

field armies A field army (or numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps and may be subordinate to an army group. Likewise, air armies are equivalent formation within some air forces, and withi ...

of the

Ottoman Army The military of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun silahlı kuvvetleri) was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. Army The military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the ...

. It was formed in the middle 19th century during Ottoman military reforms.

Formations

Order of Battle, 1877

In 1877, it was stationed in

Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...

. It was composed of: *

Infantry Infantry is a military specialization which engages in ground combat on foot. Infantry generally consists of light infantry, mountain infantry, motorized infantry & mechanized infantry, airborne infantry, air assault infantry, and marine i ...

: Six line regiments and six rifle battalion.Ian Drury, Illustrated by Raffaele Ruggeri, ''The Russo-Turkish War 1877'', Men-at-Arms 277, Ospray Publishing Ltd., Reprinted 1999, , p. 35. *

Cavalry Historically, cavalry (from the French word ''cavalerie'', itself derived from "cheval" meaning "horse") are soldiers or warriors who fight mounted on horseback. Cavalry were the most mobile of the combat arms, operating as light cavalry ...

: Two line regiments. *

Artillery Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during siege ...

: One line regiment (9 batteries). *

Engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considering the l ...

: One sapper company.

Order of Battle, 1908

After the

Young Turk Revolution The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire. The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), an organization of the Young Turks movement, forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the Ottoman Constit ...

and the establishment of the

Second Constitutional Era The Second Constitutional Era ( ota, ایكنجی مشروطیت دورى; tr, İkinci Meşrutiyet Devri) was the period of restored parliamentary rule in the Ottoman Empire between the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and the 1920 dissolution of the G ...

on July 3, 1908, new government initiate a major military reform. Army headquarters were modernized. Its operational area was

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia ''Mesopotamíā''; ar, بِلَاد ٱلرَّافِدَيْن or ; syc, ܐܪܡ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ, or , ) is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the F ...

. It commanded the following active divisions: The Sixth Army also had inspectorate functions for four ''Redif'' (reserve) divisions:T.C. Genelkurmay Başkanlığı, ''Balkan Harbi, 1912-1913: Harbin Sebepleri, Askerî Hazırlıklar ve Osmanlı Devletinin Harbe Girişi'', Genelkurmay Basımevi, 1970, pp. 87-90. *Sixth Army **11th Infantry Division (''On Birinci Fırka'') **12th Infantry Division (''On İkinci Fırka'') **6th Infantry Division (''Altıncı Fırka'') **15th Artillery Brigade (''On Beşinci Topçu Tugayı'') * Redif divisions of the Sixth Army (name of the division denotes its location) **21st

Reserve Infantry Division (''Yirmi Birinci Bağdad Redif Fırkası'') **22nd

Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is hand ...

Reserve Infantry Division (''Yirmi İkinci Basra Redif Fırkası'') **23rd

Kelkit Kelkit is a town and district of Gümüşhane Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. According to the 2010 census, population of the district is 39,547 of which 13,784 live in the town of Kelkit. The district covers an area of , and the town ...

Reserve Infantry Division (''Yirmi Üçüncü Kelkit Redif Fırkası'') **24th Musul Reserve Infantry Division (''Yirmi Dördüncü Musul Redif Fırkası'')

World War I

Order of Battle, August 1914

In August 1914, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 38. *Sixth Army (Commander: Cavit Pasha) **

XII Corps 12th Corps, Twelfth Corps, or XII Corps may refer to: * 12th Army Corps (France) * XII Corps (Grande Armée), a corps of the Imperial French Army during the Napoleonic Wars * XII (1st Royal Saxon) Corps, a unit of the Imperial German Army * XII ...

*** 35th Division, 36th Division ** XIII Corps *** 37th Division

Order of Battle, Late April 1915

In late April 1915, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 86. *Sixth Army **35th Division **Provisional Infantry Division

Order of Battle, Late Summer 1915

In late Summer 1915, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 109. *Sixth Army ** Iraq Area Command *** XIII Corps ****35th Division, 38th Division *** XVIII Corps **** 45th Division

Order of Battle, January 1916

In January 1916, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 126. *Sixth Army ** Iraq Area Command *** XIII Corps ****35th Division, 52nd Division *** XVIII Corps ****45th Division, 51st Division

Order of Battle, August 1916

In August 1916, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 134. * XIII Corps ** 2nd Division, 4th Division, 6th Division * XVIII Corps **35th Division, 45th Division, 51st Division, 52nd Division

Order of Battle, December 1916

In December 1916, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 154. * XIII Corps **2nd Division, 4th Division, 6th Division * XVIII Corps **45th Division, 51st Division, 52nd Infantry Division

Order of Battle, August 1917, January 1918, June 1918

In August 1917, January, June 1918, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 170, 181, 188. * XIII Corps **2nd Division, 6th Division * XVIII Corps ** 14th Division, 51st Division, 52nd Division * 46th Division

Order of Battle, September 1918

In September 1918, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 197. * XIII Corps **2nd Division, 6th Division * XVIII Corps **14th Division, 46th Division

After Mudros

Order of Battle, November 1918

In November 1918, the army was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 202. * XIII Corps **2nd Division, 6th Division

Sources

External links

{{Ottoman Forces during World War I Field armies of the Ottoman Empire Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire in World War I Baghdad vilayet