Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet of Applegarth FRS

FRSE Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's national academy of science and letters, judged to be "eminently distinguished in their subject". This soci ...

FLS FSA (23 February 1800 – 21 November 1874) was a Scottish naturalist. He is known for his editing of a long series of natural history books, ''The Naturalist's Library''.

Life and work

Jardine was born on 23 February 1800 at 28 North Hanover Street in

Edinburgh Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian on the southern shore of t ...

, the son of Sir Alexander Jardine, 6th baronet of Applegarth and his wife, Jane Maule. He was educated in both

York York is a cathedral city with Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It is the historic county town of Yorkshire. The city has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a ...

and Edinburgh then studied medicine at

Edinburgh University The University of Edinburgh ( sco, University o Edinburgh, gd, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in Post-nominal letters, post-nominals) is a Public university, public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Granted ...

. From 1817 to 1821 he lodged with Rev Dr Andrew Grant at James Square, an arrangement made by his father. Grant was minister of St Andrew's Church on George Street. In his early years, aged only 25, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being Sir David Brewster. He was a co-founder of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, and contributed to the founding of the Ray Society. He was "keenly addicted to field-sports, and a master equally of the rod and the gun". While ornithology was his main passion, he also studied ichthyology, botany and geology. His book on fossil burrows and traces, the '' Ichnology of Annandale'', included fossils from his ancestral estate.Jardine, W. 1853. ''The Ichnology of Annandale; Or, Illustrations of Footmarks Impressed on the New Red Sandstone of Corncockle Muir''. He was the first to coin the term '' ichnology'', and this was the first book written on the subject. His private natural history museum and library are said to have been the finest in Britain. Jardine made natural history available to all levels of Victorian society by editing the hugely popular forty volumes of The Naturalist's Library (1833–1843) issued and published by his brother in law, the Edinburgh printer and engraver, William Home Lizars.Susan Sheets-Pyenso
"War and Peace in Natural History Publishing: The Naturalist's Library, 1833-1843"
''

Isis Isis (; ''Ēse''; ; Meroitic: ''Wos'' 'a''or ''Wusa''; Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎, romanized: ʾs) was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kin ...

''. 1981, v.72 (no. 261) pp.50-72. The series was divided into four main sections:

Ornithology Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and th ...

(14 volumes), Mammalia (13 volumes), Entomology (7 volumes), and Ichthyology (6 volumes); each prepared by a leading naturalist. James Duncan wrote the insect volumes. The artists responsible for the illustrations included Edward Lear. The work was published in Edinburgh by W. H. Lizars. The frontispiece is a portrait of

Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom ...

. His other publications included an edition of

Gilbert White Gilbert White FRS (18 July 1720 – 26 June 1793) was a " parson-naturalist", a pioneering English naturalist, ecologist, and ornithologist. He is best known for his ''Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne''. Life White was born on ...

's '' Natural History of Selborne'' which re-established White's reputation, ''Illustrations of Ornithology'' (1825–1843), and an affordable edition of Alexander Wilson's ''Birds of America''. Jardine described of a number of bird species, alone or in conjunction with his friend

Prideaux John Selby Prideaux John Selby FRSE FLS (23 July 1788 – 27 March 1867) was an English ornithologist, botanist and natural history artist. Life Selby was born in Bondgate Street in Alnwick in Northumberland, the eldest son of George Selby of Beal a ...

. He died on 21 November 1874 in

Sandown Sandown is a seaside resort and civil parish on the south-east coast of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom with the resort of Shanklin to the south and the settlement of Lake in between. Together with Shanklin, Sandown forms a built-up area of ...

, Isle of Wight.

Family and descendants

He was married to Jane Home Lizars, and through her was brother-in-law to John Lizars FRSE and William Home Lizars. After Lady Jardine's death he married the daughter of the Rev. William Samuel Symonds, the well-known geologist. Jardine's daughter, Catherine Dorcas Maule Jardine, married

Hugh Edwin Strickland Hugh Edwin Strickland (2 March 1811 – 14 September 1853) was an English geologist, ornithologist, naturalist and systematist. Through the British Association, he proposed a series of rules for the nomenclature of organisms in zoology, known as ...

and produced many of the illustrations for ''Illustrations of Ornithology'' (identifiable by her initials, CDMS). The Olympic rower Sir

Matthew Pinsent Sir Matthew Clive Pinsent, (; born 10 October 1970) is an English rower and broadcaster. During his rowing career, he won 10 world championship gold medals and four consecutive Olympic gold medals. Since retiring, he has worked as a sports br ...

is a direct descendant of Jardine.

Bibliography

Jardine wrote many books and edited the series and wrote many of the books for The Naturalist's Library. The books are listed below by publication date with those of The Naturalist's Library under a separate heading. *1825 to 1843, ''Illustrations of Ornithology'', written with

in four volumes:
Volume I

Volume II
**Volume III
Volume IV
*1848
''Contributions to Ornithology for 1848''
Vols. I and II *1850
''Contributions to Ornithology for 1850''
Vols. III and IV *1851
''The Natural History of Selborne''
by

with additions, supplementary notes a short biography of Reverend Gilbert White by Jardine *1853
''Contributions to Ornithology for 1852''
Vol. V *1858
''Memoirs of Hugh Edwin Strickland, M.A.''

The Naturalist's Library

Jardine edited the series of books that were published a part of The Naturalist's Library, and include (in the order in which they were published):Schomburgk, Robert H. (1843)
''Ichthyology: Vol. V: Fishes of Guiana: Part II''
pp. i-iii] #1833
''Ornithology: Humming Birds: Part I''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his Nobility#Ennoblement, ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalise ...

#1833
''The Natural History of Monkeys''
by Jardine with a memoir of Comte de Buffon #1833
''Ichthyology: British Fishes: Part II''
by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of

Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, ...

#undated
''Ornithology: Humming Birds: Part II''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Thomas Pennant Thomas Pennant (14 June OS 172616 December 1798) was a Welsh naturalist, traveller, writer and antiquarian. He was born and lived his whole life at his family estate, Downing Hall near Whitford, Flintshire, in Wales. As a naturalist he h ...

#1834
''Mammalia: Vol. II: The Felinae''
by Jardine with a memoir of Georges Cuvier #1834
''The Natural History of Gallinaceous Birds: Vol. I''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of ph ...

#1835
''The Natural History of Fishes of the Perch Family''
by Jardine with a memoir of Joseph Banks #1835
''Entomology: Vol. III: British Butterflies''
by James Duncan with a memoir of Abraham Gottlob Werner #1836
''The Natural History of Parrots''
by Prideaux J. Selby with plates by Edward Lear and a memoir of

Thomas Bewick Thomas Bewick (c. 11 August 17538 November 1828) was an English wood-engraver and natural history author. Early in his career he took on all kinds of work such as engraving cutlery, making the wood blocks for advertisements, and illustrating ch ...

#1836
''Mammalia: Vol. V: Pachyderms''
by Jardine with a memoir of Hans Sloane #1836
''The Natural History of British Moths, Sphinxes, &c.''
by James Duncan with a memoir of

Maria Sibylla Merian Maria Sibylla Merian (2 April 164713 January 1717) was a German naturalist and scientific illustrator. She was one of the earliest European naturalists to observe insects directly. Merian was a descendant of the Frankfurt branch of the Swiss M ...

#1837
''The Natural History of the Ordinary Cetacea or Whales''
by Jardine with a memoir of Bernard Germain de Lacépède #1837
''The Natural History of Foreign Butterflies''
by James Duncan with a memoir of

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...

#1837
''The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa''
by William Swainson with a memoir of

François Levaillant François Levaillant (born Vaillant, later in life as Le Vaillant, ''"The Valiant"'') (6 August 1753 – 22 November 1824) was a French author, explorer, naturalist, zoological collector, and noted ornithologist. He described many new species of ...

#1838
''The Natural History of the Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part I: Birds of Prey''
by Jardine with a memoir of Robert Sibbald #1838
''The Natural Arrangement and Relations of the Family of Flycatchers or Muscicapidae''
by William Swainson with a memoir of Albrecht von Haller #1838
''A History of British Quadrupeds''
by William MacGillivray with a memoir of

Ulisse Aldrovandi Ulisse Aldrovandi (11 September 1522 – 4 May 1605) was an Italian naturalist, the moving force behind Bologna's botanical garden, one of the first in Europe. Carl Linnaeus and the comte de Buffon reckoned him the father of natural history st ...

#1839
''The Natural History of the Amphibious Carnivora, Including the Walrus and Seals, Also of the Herbivorous Cetacea, &c.''
by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of François Péron #1839
''The Natural History of Dogs: Canidae or Genus ''Canis'' of Authors: Including Also the Genera ''Hyaena'' and ''Proteles'': Vol. I''
by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of

Peter Simon Pallas Peter Simon Pallas FRS FRSE (22 September 1741 – 8 September 1811) was a Prussian zoologist and botanist who worked in Russia between 1767 and 1810. Life and work Peter Simon Pallas was born in Berlin, the son of Professor of Surgery ...

Nest of the Common Humble-Bee Plate 15 Jardine

#1840
''The Natural History of Dogs: Canidae or Genus ''Canis'' of Authors: Including Also the Genera ''Hyaena'' and ''Proteles'': Vol. II''
by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of

Félix de Azara Félix Manuel de Azara y Perera (18 May 1746 – 20 October 1821) was a Spanish military officer, naturalist, and engineer. Life Félix de Azara was born on 18 May 1746 in Barbunales, Aragon. He joined the army and attended a Spanish military ...

#1840
''Introduction to Entomology''
by James Duncan with memoirs of Jan Swammerdam and

Charles De Geer Baron Charles de Geer (the family is usually known as De Geer with a capitalized "De" and is pronounced "de yer"); Finspång in Risinge 30 January 1720 – Stockholm 7 March 1778) was a Swedish industrialist and entomologist. Life De Geer, w ...

#1841
''The Natural History of Marsupialia or Pouched Animals''
by

G. R. Waterhouse George Robert Waterhouse (6 March 1810 – 21 January 1888) was an English natural history, naturalist. He was a keeper at the department of geology and later curator of the Zoological Society of London's museum. Early life George was born ...

with a memoir of John Barclay #1841
''The Natural History of Horses: The Equidae or Genus ''Equus'' of Authors''
by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of

Conrad Gessner Conrad Gessner (; la, Conradus Gesnerus 26 March 1516 – 13 December 1565) was a Swiss physician, naturalist, bibliographer, and philologist. Born into a poor family in Zürich, Switzerland, his father and teachers quickly realised his tale ...

#1841
''The Natural History of the Fishes of Guiana: Part I''
by Robert H. Schomburgk #1841
''The Natural History of Exotic Moths''
by James Duncan with a memoir of

#1842
''The Natural History of the Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part III: Rasores and Grallatores''
by Jardine with a memoir of John Walker #1842
''An Introduction to the Mammalia''
by

Charles Hamilton Smith Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Hamilton Smith, KH, KW, FRS, FLS, (26 December 1776 in East Flanders, in the United Provinces of the Netherlands – 21 September 1859 in Plymouth) was an English artist, naturalist, antiquary, illustrator, soldie ...

with a memoir of

Dru Drury Dru Drury (4 February 1724 – 15 December 1803) was a British collector of natural history specimens and an entomologist. He had specimens collected from across the world through a network of ship's officers and collectors including Henry Sme ...

#1843
''Ichthyology: Fishes, Particularly Their Structure and Economical Uses''
by J. S. Bushnan with a memoir of

Hippolito Salviani Hippolito Salviani (1514–1572) was an Italian physician, scholar and naturalist, noted for his Renaissance book ''Aquatilium animalium historiae'', depicting about hundred Mediterranean fish species, some from Illyria, and a few mollusks. He ...

#1843
''The Natural History of the Fishes of Guiana: Part II''
by Robert H. Schomburgk with a memoir of Johann Ludwig Burckhardt #1844
''The Natural History of Game-Birds''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Stamford Raffles Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British statesman who served as the Lieutenant-Governor of the Dutch East Indies between 1811 and 1816, and Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen between 1818 and 1824. He is ...

#1852
''The Natural History of Beetles''
by James Duncan with a memoir of John Ray #undated
''Ornithology: Pigeons''
by

with a memoir of

Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic ' ...

#1859
''Entomology: Bees''
by Jardine with a memoir of

François Huber François Huber (2 July 175022 December 1831), also known as Francis in English publications and Franz in German publications, was a Switzerland, Swiss Entomology, entomologist who specialized in honey bees. His pioneering work was recognized a ...

#1860
''Ichthyology: British Fishes: Part I''
by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of

Guillaume Rondelet Guillaume Rondelet (27 September 150730 July 1566), also known as Rondeletus/Rondeletius, was Regius professor of medicine at the University of Montpellier in southern France and Chancellor of the University between 1556 and his death in 1566. He ...

#1860
''Ornithology: Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part IV''
by Jardine with a memoir of Alexander Wilson #1862
''Ornithology: Birds of Western Africa: Part I''
by W. Swainson with a memoir of

James Bruce James Bruce of Kinnaird (14 December 1730 – 27 April 1794) was a Scottish traveller and travel writer who confirmed the source of the Blue Nile. He spent more than a dozen years in North Africa and Ethiopia and in 1770 became the first Eur ...

#1864
''The Natural History of the Nectariniadae, or Sun-Birds''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Francis Willughby Francis Willughby (sometimes spelt Willoughby, la, Franciscus Willughbeius) FRS (22 November 1635 – 3 July 1672) was an English ornithologist and ichthyologist, and an early student of linguistics and games. He was born and raised at ...

#1866
''Mammalia: Deer, Antelopes, Camels, &c.''
by Jardine with a memoir of

Petrus Camper Petrus Camper FRS (11 May 1722 – 7 April 1789), was a Dutch physician, anatomist, physiologist, midwife, zoologist, anthropologist, palaeontologist and a naturalist in the Age of Enlightenment. He was one of the first to take an interest in ...

#1866
''Mammalia: Goats, Sheep, Oxen, &c.''
by Jardine with a memoir of John Hunter #1866
''Ornithology: Parrots''
by

with a memoir of

#1866
''Ornithology: Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part II''
by Jardine with a memoir of William Smellie Later supplements include the following titles: ''The Natural History of Man'', ''Humming Birds Volume 3'' and a single volume that collated the memoirs of "great naturalists".

References

External links

Obituary
in ''Nature'', Vol. 11, 74–76, 26 November 1874
Obituary
in Osbert Salvin (Editor), ''Ibis, Quarterly Journal of Ornithology'', Vol. V, page 522, 1875 * * *
Sir William Jardine
lithograph by

Thomas Herbert Maguire Thomas Herbert Maguire (1821 – 1895) was an English artist and engraver, noted for his portraits of prominent figures. Maguire was a brilliant pupil of master lithographer and line-engraver, Richard James Lane (1800-1872), one of the favourite co ...

, printed by M & N Hanhart c. 1851 at the National Portrait Gallery * Jardine, William (1833
''The Natural History of Humming-Birds, Vol. 1''
- digital facsimile from the

Linda Hall Library The Linda Hall Library is a privately endowed American library of science, engineering and technology located in Kansas City, Missouri, sitting "majestically on a urban arboretum." It is the "largest independently funded public library of scien ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jardine, William 1800 births 1874 deaths Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia Fellows of the Royal Society Writers from Edinburgh Scottish ornithologists Scottish naturalists Scientists from Edinburgh Fellows of the Linnean Society of London Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

Life and work

Family and descendants

Bibliography

The Naturalist's Library

See also

References

External links