''Simplexvirus'' is a genus of
virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Since Dmitri Ivanovsk ...
es in the order ''
Herpesvirales
The ''Herpesvirales'' is an order of dsDNA viruses (Baltimore group I) with animal hosts, characterised by a common morphology consisting of an icosahedral capsid enclosed in a glycoprotein-containing lipid envelope. Common infections in humans ...
'', in the family ''
Herpesviridae
''Herpesviridae'' is a large family of DNA viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. The members of this family are also known as herpesviruses. The family name is derived from the Greek word ''ἕρπει ...
'', in the subfamily ''
Alphaherpesvirinae
''Alphaherpesvirinae'' is a subfamily of viruses in the family ''Herpesviridae'', primarily distinguished by reproducing more quickly than other subfamilies in the ''Herpesviridae''. In animal virology the most important herpesviruses belong to ...
''. Humans and mammals serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include skin vesicles or mucosal ulcers, rarely encephalitis, and meningitis.
Species
The following 15 species are assigned to the genus:
* ''
Ateline alphaherpesvirus 1''
* ''
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2''
* ''
Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2''
* ''
Human alphaherpesvirus 1''
* ''
Human alphaherpesvirus 2
''Human alphaherpesvirus 2'' (HHV-2) is a species of virus in the genus ''Simplexvirus'', subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae'', family '' Herpesviridae'', and order '' Herpesvirales''.
Evolution
''Human alphaherpesvirus 2'' can be divided into two ...
''
* ''
Leporid alphaherpesvirus 4''
* ''
Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1''
* ''
Macacine alphaherpesvirus 2''
* ''
Macacine alphaherpesvirus 3''
* ''
Macropodid alphaherpesvirus 1''
* ''
Macropodid alphaherpesvirus 2''
* ''
Panine alphaherpesvirus 3''
* ''
Papiine alphaherpesvirus 2''
* ''
Pteropodid alphaherpesvirus 1''
* ''
Saimiriine alphaherpesvirus 1''
Structure
Viruses in ''Simplexvirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and unsegmented, around 152kb in length.
Lifecycle
Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral gB, gC, gD, and gH proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism, is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, budding, and microtubular outwards viral transport.
Human and mammals serve as the natural hosts. Transmission routes are sexual, contact, and saliva.
References
External links
Viralzone: ''Simplexvirus''ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1509095
Virus genera