Siddhanta

''Siddhānta'' is a Sanskrit term denoting the established and accepted view of any particular school within Indian philosophy; literally "settled opinion or doctrine, dogma, axiom, received or admitted truth; any fixed or established or canonical text-book on any subject" (from ''siddha'', adj. mfn.- accomplished, fulfilled; that has attained the highest object, thoroughly skilled or versed in).

Hindu philosophy

This term is an established term within Hindu philosophy which denotes a specific line of development within a Hindu religious or philosophical tradition. The traditional schools of Hindu philosophy have had their ''siddhạntas'' established by their respective founders in the form of ''sūtras'' (aphorisms). The ''sūtras'' are commented by a major philosopher in the respective traditions to elaborate upon the established doctrine by quoting from the ''śāstras'' (scriptures) and using logic and pramāṇas (accepted source of knowledge). For example, in the tradition of Vedanta, the author of the Brahma Sūtra was Veda-Vyāsa and the commentators were Ādi Śaṅkara, Rāmānuja and Mādhavācārya (each of whom eventually set up sub-schools within Vedānta). Also, in the tradition of ''Pūrva Mīmāṁsā'', the author of the ''sūtra'' was Jaimini and the commentator was Śabarasvāmi.

Buddhist philosophy

''Siddhānta ( Tibetan: grub mtha')'' is a genre of Buddhist literature, which is quite common in Tibetan Buddhism.Changkya Rölpai Dorjé; Lopez, Donald (translator) (2019). ''Beautiful Adornment of Mount Meru'', Translator's Introduction. Simon and Schuster. This genre has its antecedents in Pali suttas such as the '' Tevijja sutta'' and the '' Brahmajala sutta.'' These early Buddhist sources discuss the various worldviews of brahmins, sramanas and ascetics during the Buddha's time. Buddhist scholastic literature later expanded the discussion to numerous other Buddhist and non-Buddhist views. Indian works which discuss various competing doctrines include the '' Kathavatthu'', the '' Mahavibhasa'', Bhaviveka's ''Blaze of Reasoning'' and Shantaraksita's '' Tattvasamgraha''.

Tibetan Buddhists developed the genre further and numerous ''siddhānta'' works were written by figures such as Rongzompa, Chekawa Yeshe Dorje, Sakya Pandita, Longchenpa, Jamyang Shéba, and Changkya Rölpé Dorjé. According to Daniel Cozort, Jamyang's massive ''Great Exposition of Tenets'' "are the most comprehensive of the tenets texts" (in Tibetan Buddhism). During the 18th century, Thuken Losang Chökyi Nyima (1737–1802), a student of Changkya, wrote ''Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems.'' According to Roger R. Jackson, this text is "arguably the widest-ranging account of religious philosophies ever written in pre-modern Tibet." This work discusses all schools of Tibetan Buddhism, Chinese Buddhism and Chinese religions as well as Indian, Mongolian and Khotanese religious systems.Thuken Losang Chokyi Nyima, Jackson, Roger (editor) (2017). ''The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems: A Tibetan Study of Asian Religious Thought.'' Simon and Schuster.

Jain philosophycal studies

For Jainism, the texts vary between the three primary sects, with Sthanakavasis believing in no textual authority. Both the Digambara and Shvetambara believe that the "purest" Jain teachings were contained within the '' Purvas'', which have been mostly lost to antiquity. Of the surviving Jain scriptures, the Digambara tend to focus upon the Prakaranas; while the Shvetambara focus upon the Angas.

Astronomy

Early Indian astronomy is transmitted in ''Siddhanta''s: Varahamihira (6th century) in his '' Pancha-Siddhantika'' contrasts five of these: The Surya Siddhanta besides the Paitamaha Siddhantas (which is more similar to the "classical" Vedanga Jyotisha), the Paulisha and Romaka Siddhantas (directly based on Hellenistic astronomy) and the Vasishtha Siddhanta.

References

* Caraka samhita vimana sthana 8/37

{{Indian Philosophy

Hindu philosophical concepts
Jain philosophical concepts
Vedanta