Shooting of Michael Brown

On August 9, 2014, 18-year-old Michael Brown was shot and killed by police officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis.

Brown was accompanied by his 22-year-old male friend Dorian Johnson, who later stated that Brown had robbed a convenience store before the shooting occurred. Wilson, a white male Ferguson police officer, said that an altercation ensued when Brown attacked him in his police vehicle for control of Wilson's service pistol. The struggle continued until the pistol fired. Johnson said that Wilson initiated a confrontation by grabbing Brown by the neck through Wilson's patrol car window, threatening him and then shooting at him. At this point, both Wilson and Johnson state that Brown and Johnson fled, with Wilson pursuing Brown shortly thereafter. Wilson stated that Brown stopped and charged him after a short pursuit. Johnson contradicted this account, stating that Brown turned around with his hands raised after Wilson shot at his back. According to Johnson, Wilson then shot Brown multiple times until Brown fell to the ground. In the entire altercation, Wilson fired a total of twelve bullets, including twice during the struggle in the car. Brown was struck six times, all in the front of his body.

This event ignited unrest in Ferguson. Witnesses to the shooting claimed Brown had his hands up in surrender or said "don't shoot", so protesters later used the slogan "Hands up, don't shoot". A subsequent FBI investigation said that there was no evidence that Brown had done so. Protests, both peaceful and violent, continued for more than a week in Ferguson; police later established a nightly curfew.
The response of area police agencies in dealing with the protests was strongly criticized by both the media and politicians. Concerns were raised over insensitivity, tactics, and a militarized response. Missouri governor Jay Nixon ordered local police organizations to cede much of their authority to the Missouri State Highway Patrol.

A grand jury was called and given extensive evidence from Robert McCulloch, the St. Louis County Prosecutor. On , 2014, McCulloch announced the St. Louis County grand jury had decided not to indict Wilson. In March 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice reported the conclusion of its own investigation and cleared Wilson of civil rights violations in the shooting. It found forensic evidence supported Wilson's account, and that witnesses who corroborated the officer's account were credible. Witnesses who had incriminated him were found to be not credible, with some admitting they had not directly seen the events. The U.S. Department of Justice concluded that Wilson shot Brown in self-defense.

A new St. Louis prosecutor, Wesley Bell, spent five months in 2020 reviewing the case with an eye to charging Wilson with either manslaughter or murder. In July, Bell announced he would not charge Wilson with any crime.

Backgrounds

Michael Orlandus Darrion Brown (May 20, 1996 – August 9, 2014) graduated from Normandy High School in eight days before his death, completing an alternative education program. At the time of his death, he was 18 years old, tall, and weighed . He was an amateur rap musician who posted his songs on the popular music-sharing site SoundCloud under the handle "Big'Mike." He was two days from starting a training program for heating and air conditioning repair at Vatterott College technical school.

Darren Dean Wilson (born , 1986, in Fort Worth, Texas) was tall and weighed about . Wilson's first police job was in the town of Jennings, Missouri, where he began working in 2009. With respect to this job, Wilson said to ''The New Yorker'' in 2015, "I'd never been in an area where there was that much poverty." The police force in Jennings was shut down by the town's city council in March 2011. In October 2011, Wilson began working for the Ferguson Police Department. In February 2013, Wilson won a commendation from the Ferguson Police Department after he apprehended a suspect who was later charged with possession of marijuana with intent to distribute and resisting arrest.

Brown's activities prior to the incident

Surveillance video which was publicly released in the 2017 documentary film ''Stranger Fruit'' shows Michael Brown walking into Ferguson Market and Liquor at 1:13 a.m., ten-and-a-half hours before he entered the store for the final time. The footage shows Brown handing a young clerk a brown package, believed by the filmmaker to be marijuana, and then receiving an unpurchased package of cigarillos from the store. After the video was rediscovered and made public in 2017, some, including Brown's family, said they believed Brown had left the package there for safekeeping and later returned to retrieve it. The store owner disputed this through an attorney who dismissed claims that the store traded him "cigarillos for pot." The lawyer claimed " e reason he rowngave it back is he was walking out the door with unpaid merchandise and they he staffwanted it back." The store's attorney said the video had been in the hands of Brown's family and law enforcement since the initial investigation, and said the video had been edited to remove the portion where the store clerk returned Brown's package to him. Following this, on March 13, 2017, unedited footage from the store was released by the St. Louis County prosecutor to try to settle questions.

Incident

At , Officer Wilson responded to a call about a baby with breathing problems and drove to Glenark Drive in Ferguson, east of Canfield Drive. About three minutes later and several blocks away, Brown was recorded on camera stealing a box of Swisher Sweets cigars and forcefully shoving a Ferguson Market clerk. At 11:53, a police dispatcher reported "stealing in progress" at the Ferguson Market and described the suspect as a black male wearing a white T-shirt running toward QuikTrip. The suspect was reported as having stolen a box of Swisher cigars. Brown and his friend, Dorian Johnson, left the market at about At 11:57, the dispatch described the suspect as wearing a red St. Louis Cardinals hat, a white T-shirt, yellow socks, and khaki shorts, and that he was accompanied by another male. Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson said that the incident with Brown stealing cigars had "nothing to do" with why Brown was stopped by Wilson prior to the shooting, and that the reason Brown and Johnson were stopped was because "they were walking down the middle of the street, blocking traffic."

At , Wilson reported he was back in service and radioed units 25 and 22 to ask if they needed his assistance in searching for the suspects. Seven seconds later, an unidentified officer said the suspects had disappeared. Wilson called for backup at 12:02, saying " nit21. Put me on Canfield with two. And send me another car."

Initial reports of what happened next differed widely among sources and witnesses, particularly with regard to whether Brown was moving towards Wilson when the shots were fired. At noon on , Wilson drove up to Brown and Johnson as they were walking in the middle of Canfield Drive and ordered them to move off the street. Wilson continued driving past the two men, but then backed up and stopped close to them. A struggle took place between Brown and Wilson after Brown reached through the window of Wilson's police SUV, a Chevrolet Tahoe. Wilson was armed with a SIG Sauer P229 pistol, which was fired twice during the struggle from inside the vehicle, with one bullet hitting Brown's right hand. Brown and Johnson fled and Johnson hid behind a car. Wilson got out of the vehicle and pursued Brown. At some point, Wilson fired his pistol again, while facing Brown, and hit him with at least six shots, all in the front of his body. Brown was unarmed and died on the street. Less than 90-seconds passed from the time Wilson encountered Brown to the time of Brown's death.

An unidentified officer arrived on the scene and, 73-seconds after Wilson's call, asked where the second suspect was. Thirty-one seconds later, a supervisor was requested by Unit 25. At , an officer on scene radioed to dispatch for more units. Also at 12:07, the County police were notified and county officers began arriving on scene at around The County detectives were notified at and arrived about , with the forensic investigator arriving at about

Police dispatched 12 units to the scene by with another 12, including two canine units, by Gunshots were recorded in Ferguson police logs at , and by the ambulance dispatch again at , which led to the response of 20 more units from eight different municipal forces in the next 20 minutes. As the situation deteriorated, the police commanders had investigators seek cover and detectives assisted in crowd control. At , four canine units arrived on scene, and the SWAT team arrived at The medical examiner began his examination of Brown at approximately and concluded about half an hour later, with Brown's body being cleared to be taken to the morgue. At , Brown's body was signed in at the morgue by workers.

Investigations

Police

Michael Brown was fatally shot by Officer Wilson at about 12:02 p.m. The Ferguson Police Department was on the scene within minutes, as were crowds of residents, some expressing hostility toward the police. Paramedics covered the body with sheets. About after the shooting, the Ferguson police chief turned over the homicide investigation to the St. Louis County Police Department (SLCPD). The arrival of SLCPD detectives took about , as they were occupied with another crime scene away. On arrival at 1:30 p.m., they put up privacy screens around the body. Their investigation was slowed due to safety concerns regarding the sound of gunfire in the area and some hostile members of the crowd encroaching on the crime scene. An investigator from the St. Louis County Medical Examiner's office arrived at 2:30 p.m. Brown's body was removed at 4:00 p.m. Local residents criticized authorities for leaving Brown's body in the street for four hours in an action seen as demeaning and disrespectful.

Department of Justice

On , 2014, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) opened a civil rights investigation into the incident. A spokeswoman for the FBI's St. Louis field office said the decision to open an investigation was not motivated by the protests and riots which had ensued. Forty FBI agents went door-to-door looking for potential witnesses who may have had information about the shooting. Additionally, attorneys from the Civil Rights Division and from the United States Attorney's Office were participating in the investigation.

On , 2015, the federal investigation cleared Wilson of civil rights violations in the shooting. The investigation concluded there was no evidence upon which prosecutors could rely to disprove Wilson's asserted belief that he feared for his safety, that witnesses who contradicted Wilson were not credible, that forensic evidence and credible witnesses corroborated Wilson's account, and that the facts did not support the filing of criminal charges against Wilson. Credible witnesses did not support accounts that Brown had his hands up in surrender. He was not shot in the back. Forensic evidence showed he was moving toward Wilson. Numerous witnesses were found to have given accounts of actions they were unable to see from their vantage points, or to be recounting others' accounts.

2020 prosecutor

A new St. Louis prosecutor, Wesley Bell, spent five months in 2020 secretly reviewing the case with an eye to charging Officer Wilson with either manslaughter or murder. In July, Bell announced he would not charge Wilson with any crime; Bell said he didn't "have the evidence to ethically bring a charge against Darren Wilson."

Grand jury hearing

The grand jury was made up of members who had been impaneled in May 2014 for a regularly scheduled term, to hear all cases put forward by the prosecuting attorney's office. There were three black jury members (one man and two women) and nine white jury members (six men and three women), an ethnic breakdown that roughly reflects the racial makeup of County, which is about 30% black, and 70% white. On , 2014, the grand jury started hearing evidence in the case ''State of Missouri v. Darren Wilson'', in order to decide whether a crime was committed and if there was probable cause to believe Wilson committed it.

There was intense interest focused on the grand jury. Robert P. McCulloch, the elected prosecuting attorney for County, was in charge of the prosecution but did not participate in the direct handling of the grand jury hearing. It was handled by two Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys of McCulloch's office: Kathi Alizadeh and Sheila Whirley. McCulloch announced an unusual process: the grand jury would hear all the evidence, the proceedings would be transcribed, and the materials would be made public if the grand jury did not indict.

The grand jury took 25 days, over the span of three months, to hear more than 5,000 pages of testimony from 60 witnesses and then deliberate on whether or not to indict Wilson. Most grand juries complete their work in a matter of days. The grand jury was not sequestered during the process.

On the night of , Prosecutor McCulloch reported in a 20-minute press conference that the grand jury had reached a decision in the case and would not indict Wilson.

Following his announcement, McCulloch released thousands of pages of grand jury documents, with materials published on the internet for public perusal. The documents include transcripts of the proceedings, expert statements, and the testimony of some witnesses. On , more witness interviews and more than 50 brief audio recordings between the police dispatchers and responding police officers were released. On , a third release included the transcripts of witness interviews, including one with Dorian Johnson. A video of the two-hour interview of Johnson by FBI and county police was withheld.

Robert P. McCulloch was the main focus of much of the criticism throughout the process and well into its aftermath. Attorney Raul Reyes characterized McCulloch as not being impartial, as his father was a police officer killed in an incident with a black suspect and other members of his family served with the Police Department. A petition calling for McCulloch to recuse himself gained 70,000 signatures. Governor Jay Nixon declined to remove McCulloch and said doing so would potentially jeopardize the prosecution. McCulloch dismissed the claims of bias, and later said he regretted not speaking publicly about his background at the time.

Legal analysts raised concerns over McCulloch's unorthodox approach, saying this process could have influenced the grand jury to decide against indictment and that they were given too much material to assess. The analysts highlighted the significant differences between a typical grand jury proceeding in Missouri and how Wilson's case was handled.

Evidence

Shooting scene

Evidence presented to the grand jury showed that the shooting scene extended approximately along Canfield Drive, near where it intersects Copper Creek Court. The two-lane street runs east to west, and has sidewalks and curbs on both sides. Immediately prior to the incident, Brown was walking eastbound on Canfield and Officer Wilson was driving westbound. Evidence at the scene was generally clustered around Wilson's patrol SUV on the western side of the scene and near Brown's body, which was in the eastern part of the area.

The western area included Wilson's SUV, which was angled slightly toward the right curb with its left-rear corner on the center line. Evidence included two bracelets, a baseball cap, and two .40 caliber spent casings. One of these casings was found at the western edge of the scene and the other was located near the rear driver's side of the police vehicle. There were two groups of red stains near the driver's side of the vehicle and a left sandal was also located in the vicinity. The right sandal was approximately east of the western area.

The eastern area, which was approximately east of the western area, was about wide. Brown's body was situated along the center-line of the road with his head oriented in a westerly direction. The distance from the driver's door of Wilson's SUV to Brown's head was about . Two groups of red stains were located at the extreme eastern edge of the scene, with the furthest under from Brown's feet.

One apparent projectile was found near the body. There were ten spent casings scattered on the south side of the road near Brown's body. The distribution of the casings, combined with most of the casings being east of the body, was consistent with Officer Wilson moving backward while firing. Blood spatter approximately behind Brown's body suggested Brown was moving toward Wilson when Brown was killed.

DNA

Brown's DNA was found on Wilson's gun. His DNA was also found on the left thigh of Officer Wilson's pants and on the inside driver's door handle of Wilson's police SUV, the result of Brown's spilled blood staining Wilson's pants and the door handle. Wilson's DNA was found on Brown's left palm but was not found under Brown's fingernails or on his right hand.

Michael Graham, the St. Louis medical examiner, said blood was found on Wilson's gun and inside the car, and tissue from Brown was found on the exterior of the driver's side of Wilson's vehicle; this evidence was consistent with a struggle at that location. According to Judy Melinek, a San Francisco pathologist who commented on the case as an expert, the official autopsy, which said Brown's hand had foreign matter consistent with a gun discharge on it, supported Wilson's testimony that Brown was reaching for the weapon, or indicated the gun was inches away from Brown's hand when it went off.

According to the detective who performed tests on the gun, he had to decide whether to perform a DNA test or dust for fingerprints, because only one test can be performed without affecting the other. He found the gun stored in an unsealed envelope, contrary to the customary evidence-handling protocol. Documents released after the grand jury proceedings show Wilson washed blood from his hands and checked his own gun into an evidence bag, both actions described by media outlets as unorthodox procedures for such a case.

Autopsies

Three autopsies were performed on Brown's body, with all three noting Brown had been shot at least six times, including twice in the head. He received no shots in his back.

The county autopsy report described gunshot entry and exit wounds to Brown's right arm coming from both the front ( ventral, palms facing forward) and the back (dorsal, palms facing backward).

County

The local medical examiner autopsy report released to state prosecutors said Brown was shot in the front part of his body. When Mary Case, the County medical examiner, was asked to provide details, she declined to comment further, citing the ongoing investigation into Brown's death. The official county autopsy was later leaked to the '' Post-Dispatch''.

The narrative report of investigation from the office of the medical examiner of agreed with Wilson's testimony. It noted Brown had sustained multiple gunshot wounds to the head, torso, and right arm, as well as a single gunshot wound to the inside of his right hand near his thumb and palm; it also noted Brown's body had abrasions to the right side of his face and on the back of his left hand.

The autopsy noted the absence of stippling, powder burns around a wound that indicate a shot was fired at a relatively short range. Michael Graham notes gunshot wounds within an inch of the body do not always cause stippling. Microscopic examination of tissue taken from Brown's thumb wound detected the presence of a foreign material consistent with the material which is ejected from a gun while firing. The gunshot wound to the top of Brown's head was consistent with Brown either falling forward or being in a lunging position; the shot was instantly fatal.

A toxicology test performed by a University laboratory revealed the presence of THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, in Brown's blood and urine. This indicated he used marijuana within a few hours of his death, but not whether he was impaired when he died.

Independent

At the request of Brown's family, on a preliminary autopsy was conducted by Michael Baden, a former chief medical examiner for the City of New York (1978–1979). This autopsy was limited because the previous county autopsy had washed, embalmed, and taken evidence off the body.

According to Baden's report, Brown was shot six times into his front: four of the bullets entered his right arm, one entered his right eye on a downward trajectory, and one entered the top of his skull. All of the rounds were fired from a distance of at least one foot. One of the shots shattered Brown's right eye, traveled through his face, then exited his jaw and reentered his collarbone. Brown could have survived the first bullet wounds, but the bullet that entered the top of his head resulted in a fatal injury.

Baden had no access to the clothing of the victim, and had not yet seen the x-rays showing where bullets were in the body. He could not determine if any gunpowder residue was on that clothing. Baden concluded there was too little information to forensically reconstruct the shooting. At least two commentators noted the results of both autopsies contradicted some aspects of some eyewitness accounts, which had reported Wilson shot Brown in the back and that Wilson shot Brown while holding Brown's neck. In later analysis, Baden reclassified one of Brown's chest wounds as an entry wound.

Baden was assisted by Shawn Parcells, who did not have a degree or credentials in medicine or pathology. Thomas Young, former Jackson County Medical Examiner, said Parcells gave out forensic pathology opinions when Parcells is not qualified to do so. Mary Case, who performed the initial autopsy, said Parcells' involvement could cause issues with the second autopsy. Parcells said all he did was assist Baden. In 2021, Parcells was convicted of six criminal charges relating to autopsies he illegally performed.

Federal

Attorney General Holder ordered a third autopsy of Brown's body. Its findings matched the other two autopsies, but its detailed findings were initially withheld from the public due to the ongoing investigation. The federal autopsy report was among a group of documents released by the County Prosecutor's Office on , two weeks after the grand jury chose not to indict Wilson.

Audio recording of gunshots

On , CNN released an audio recording purported to contain the sounds of the shooting. The recording was made by an anonymous third-party who happened to be recording a video-text message at the time of the incident. Glide, a video messaging service, confirmed the audio had been recorded on their site at on the day of the shooting. The twelve-second recording contains a series of shots, a short pause, and then a second series of shots.

Forensic audio expert Paul Ginsberg says he heard six shots, a pause, and then four additional shots. Ginsberg said, "I was very concerned about that pause ... because it's not just the number of gunshots, it's how they're fired. And that has a huge relevance on how this case might finally end up." CNN's law enforcement analyst Tom Fuentes noted most accounts of the shooting say there was a single shot earlier in the incident near the vehicle that is not audible in the recording. The recording was also analyzed by SST, Inc., a company specializing in gunfire locator technology. That analysis found the sound of ten gunshots and seven gunshot echoes within seven seconds, with a three-second pause after the sixth shot. The company's analysis also said all ten rounds were fired from within a radius of , indicating the shooter was not moving.

Handling

''The Washington Post'' said there were unorthodox forensic practices shown in the published testimony of Officer Wilson and other law enforcement officials. The article said Wilson washed blood off of his hands without photographing them first. It also said Wilson submitted his gun to evidence by himself, and that initial interviews of Wilson were conducted with other personnel present and were not taped. It described Wilson's face injuries after the shooting as photographed by a local detective at the Fraternal Order of Police building, instead of at Ferguson Police headquarters. An investigator with the County Medical Examiner's office testified he decided not to take measurements at the crime scene nor did he photograph the scene, instead relying on photographs taken by the County Police Department.

Witness accounts

Multiple witnesses saw part or all of the event and have given interviews to the media, testified to the grand jury, and were interviewed by the U.S. Department of Justice. The witness accounts were conflicting on various points. David A. Klinger, a criminologist at the University of Missouri–, said eyewitness testimony often differs from witness to witness, a phenomenon commonly known as the Rashomon effect.

An Associated Press review of the grand jury found numerous problems in the witness testimony, including statements that were "inconsistent, fabricated, or provably wrong". Several of the witnesses admitted changing their testimony to fit released evidence, or other witness statements. Prosecuting attorney Robert McCulloch said, "I thought it was important to present anybody and everybody, and some that were, yes, clearly not telling the truth, no question about it."

The Department of Justice investigation into the shooting determined witnesses who corroborated Wilson's account were credible while those who contradicted Wilson's account were not. The witnesses that claimed Brown was surrendering or did not move toward Wilson were not credible; the report said their claims were inconsistent with the physical evidence, other witness statements, and in some cases prior statements from the same witness. No witness statements that pointed to Wilson's guilt were determined to be credible. Twenty-four statements were determined to lack any credibility, while eight which were found credible corroborated Wilson's account. Nine did not completely contradict nor corroborate Wilson's account. Several witnesses reported fear of reprisals from the community for providing evidence that corroborated Wilson's account.

Wilson's interview and testimony

Officer Wilson gave his account of the incident in an interview with a detective on , and in testimony before the grand jury in September. Wilson said he had just left a call involving a sick person when he heard on his radio that there was a theft in progress at a local convenience store. Wilson heard the description of the suspects and soon after observed two black males walking down the middle of the street. Wilson pulled up to them and told the two to walk on the sidewalk, and Johnson replied, "we're almost to our destination". As they passed Wilson's patrol SUV window, Brown said "fuck what you have to say".

Wilson then backed up about ten feet to where they were and attempted to open his door. After backing up, Wilson told the two to "come here", and Brown told him in reply, "what the fuck are you gonna do". Wilson shut the door and Brown approached him and he opened the door again "trying to push him back", while telling him to get back. Brown "started swinging and punching at me from outside the vehicle", and Brown had his body against the door. Wilson said the first strike from Brown was a "glancing blow", and at that point he was trying to get Brown's arms out of his face. This was when Brown turned to his left and handed Johnson several packs of the stolen cigarillos he had been holding. Wilson then grabbed Brown's right arm trying to get control, but Brown hit him in the face. Wilson said he "felt like a 5-year-old holding onto Hulk Hogan" while he attempted to restrain Brown when he reached through his police car window. Wilson said it "jarred" him back and he yelled at Brown numerous times to stop and get back. Wilson said he thought about using his mace and his baton, but he was unable to reach either of them. He then drew his weapon and pointed it at Brown and told him to stop or he would shoot him, while ordering him to the ground.

According to Wilson, Brown then said "you're too much of a fucking pussy to shoot me" and grabbed for his gun and twisted it, pointing it at him, into his hip area. Wilson placed his left hand against Brown's hand and his other hand on the gun and pushed forward with both his arms. The gun was somewhat lined up with Brown, and Wilson pulled the trigger twice, but the weapon failed to discharge. On the next try, the gun fired and Brown then attempted to hit him multiple times inside his vehicle. Wilson shot at Brown again, but missed, and Brown took off running east, while Wilson exited his vehicle and radioed for backup. Wilson followed Brown, yelling for him to stop and get on the ground, but he kept running. Brown eventually stopped and turned and made a "grunting noise" and started running at him with his right hand under his shirt in his waistband. Brown ignored Wilson's commands to stop and get on the ground, so Wilson fired multiple shots at him, paused, and yelled at him to get on the ground again, but Brown was still charging at him and had not slowed down. Wilson then fired another set of shots, but Brown was still running at him. When Brown was about eight to ten feet away, Wilson fired more shots, with one of those hitting Brown in the head, which brought him down with his hand still in his waistband. Wilson said two patrol cars showed up approximately fifteen to twenty seconds after the final shot. When his supervisor arrived, he was sent to the police station.

Wilson told detectives Brown had reached his right hand into his waistband and that the hand still appeared to be in the waistband after Brown was shot. The medical investigator at the scene of the shooting did not take any photographs and testified to the grand jury that Brown's left hand was under his dead body, near the waistband, and the right hand was extended outwards.

On , Wilson gave his first public interview about the shooting to ABC News' George Stephanopoulos.

Corroborating Wilson's testimony

Numerous witness accounts were consistent with Wilson's account and also agreed with the physical evidence at hand. Many witnesses corroborated that Wilson acted in self-defense during the event. A number of the witnesses who corroborated Wilson's account of events expressed fear and apprehension in testifying, saying they had been harassed or threatened by individuals from the Ferguson community. The following are a sample of the witnesses whose accounts aligned with Wilson's testimony.

Witness 102 was a 27-year-old biracial male. He said he saw Wilson chase Brown until Brown abruptly turned around. Brown did not put his hands up in surrender but made some type of movement similar to pulling his pants up or a shoulder shrug and then made a full charge at Wilson. Witness 102 thought Wilson's life was threatened and he only fired shots when Brown was coming toward him.

After the shooting, Witness 102 remained in the neighborhood for a short period of time, and corrected a couple of people who claimed Wilson "stood over rownand shot while e wason the ground". In response, Witness 102 said Wilson shot Brown because Brown came back toward Wilson. Witness 102 "kept thinking" Wilson's shots were "missing" Brown because Brown kept moving. Witness 102 did not stay in the neighborhood for long, and left the area shortly afterward because he felt uncomfortable. According to the witness, "crowds of people had begun to gather, wrongly claiming the police shot Brown for no reason and that he had his hands up in surrender". Two black women approached Witness 102, mobile phones set to record, asking him to recount what he had witnessed. Witness 102 responded that they would not like what he had to say. The women responded with racial slurs, calling him names like 'white motherfucker'."

Witness 103, a 58-year-old black male, testified that from his parked truck he saw "Brown punching Wilson at least three times in the facial area, through the open driver's window of the SUV... Wilson and Brown adhold of each other's shirts, but Brown was 'getting in a couple of blows n Wilson." Wilson was leaning back toward the passenger seat with his forearm up, in an effort to block the blows. Then Witness 103 heard a gunshot and Brown took off running. Wilson exited the SUV, appeared to be using his shoulder microphone to call into his radio, and chased Brown with his gun held low ... Brown came to a stop near a car, put his hand down on the car, and turned around to face Wilson. Brown's hands were then down at his sides. Witness 103 did not see Brown's hands up. Wanting to leave, Witness 103 began to turn his car around in the opposite direction that Brown had been running when he heard additional shots. Witness 103 turned to his right, and saw Brown "moving fast" toward Wilson. Witness 103 then drove away."

Witness 104, a 26-year-old biracial female, witnessed the end of the altercation from a minivan:

itness 104saw Brown run from the SUV, followed by Wilson, who "hopped" out of the SUV and ran after him while yelling "stop, stop, stop". Wilson did not fire his gun as Brown ran from him. Brown then turned around and "for a second" began to raise his hands as though he may have considered surrendering, but then quickly "balled up in fists" in a running position and "charged" at Wilson. Witness 104 described it as a "tackle run", explaining Brown "wasn't going to stop". Wilson fired his gun only as Brown charged at him, backing up as Brown came toward him. Witness 104 explained there were three separate volleys of shots. Each time, Brown ran toward Wilson, Wilson fired, Brown paused, Wilson stopped firing, and then Brown charged again. The pattern continued until Brown fell to the ground, "smashing" his face upon impact. Wilson did not fire while Brown momentarily had his hands up. Witness 104 explained it took some time for Wilson to fire, adding that she "would have fired sooner". Wilson did not go near Brown's body after Brown fell to his death.

Witness 108, a 74-year-old black male, told detectives the police officer was "in the right" and "did what he had to do", and that statements made by people in the apartment complex about Brown surrendering were inaccurate. Witness 108 later told investigators he "would have fucking shot that boy, too", and mimicked the aggressive stance Brown made while charging Wilson. He explained Wilson told Brown to "stop" or "get down" at least ten times, but instead Brown "charged" at Wilson. Witness 108 also told detectives there were other witnesses on Canfield Drive who saw what he saw.

Witness 109, a 53-year-old black male, said he decided to come forward after seeing Dorian Johnson "lie" about the events on television. He said when Wilson asked the two boys to get out of the street, Brown responded something to the effect of "Fuck the police." Afterward, Wilson got out of his car and Brown hit him in the face. Witness 109 said he saw Wilson reach for his taser but dropped it and then grabbed a gun, after which Brown grabbed for Wilson's gun. According to 109, at one point Brown ran away from Wilson, but turned around and charged toward the officer. He said Wilson fired in self-defense, and did not appear to be shooting to kill at first.

Witness 113, a 31-year-old black female, made statements that corroborated Wilson's account. She said she was afraid of the "neighborhood backlash" that might come from her testimony, and feared offering an account contrary to the narrative reported by the media that Brown held his hands up in surrender. She also told investigators she thought Wilson's life was in danger.

Witness 136 was in his apartment using a video chat application on his mobile phone while the shooting occurred. After hearing the first few shots, he recorded the remainder of his chat on his phone and turned it over to the FBI. The recording is about 12 seconds long and captured a total of 10 gunshots. The gunshots begin after the first four seconds. The recording captured six gunshots in two seconds. After a three-second pause, a seventh gunshot is heard. A pause of less than one second gave way to the final three-shot volley within two seconds. The recording was not time-stamped. As detailed below, this recording is consistent with several credible witness accounts as well as Wilson's account, that he fired several volleys of shots, briefly pausing between each one.

Contradicting Wilson's testimony

Several witnesses who originally testified against Wilson were also interviewed by the prosecution. They admitted to lying under oath as to the truthfulness of their testimony. At least one witness took an account from a newspaper; this witness was later discredited by investigators during the process.

Witness 22, who originally claimed she saw Wilson kill Brown in cold blood, admitted she lied to investigators and never saw the incident at all. She said she was just passing along information which her boyfriend told her he saw. The court transcript reads:

Prosecutors also played the grand jury a 10-minute police interview with a man who claimed to have witnessed the shooting. They then played a phone call in which that man admitted he actually had not seen the incident at all. Another witness insisted another officer was with Wilson at the time of the shooting. By all other accounts, Wilson was the only officer present when he shot Brown. This witness described having a clear view of what transpired despite there being a building between the witness' location and where the incident took place.

Witness 35 said Brown was "on his knees" when Wilson shot him in the head. Under questioning, his testimony fell apart, and he admitted fabricating it.

Another witness described Brown on his hands and knees pleading for his life. After a prosecutor confronted the witness and told them what they had seen was not forensically possible based on the evidence, the witness later asked to leave.

Another witness—number 37—testified that, during a confrontation at Wilson's vehicle, Wilson shot Brown point blank in the chest—but Brown did not fall over and was not clearly bleeding as he ran away. This witness gave several different accounts of how many shots were fired. While he was further pressed for answers as to the truthfulness of his statements, he instead posed questions in return, refusing to elaborate on his statements.

Dorian Johnson

Johnson, a friend of Brown, who was with him that day, gave his account of the incident to media outlets in August. In media interviews, Johnson said Wilson pulled up beside them and said, "Get the fuck on the sidewalk." The young men replied they were "not but a minute away from heirdestination, and heywould shortly be out of the street". Wilson drove forward without saying anything further and abruptly backed up, positioning his vehicle crosswise in their path. Wilson tried to open his door aggressively and the door ricocheted off both of their bodies and closed back on Wilson. Wilson, still in his vehicle, grabbed Brown around his neck through the open window, and Brown tried to pull away, but Wilson continued to pull Brown toward him "like tug of war". Johnson said Brown "did not reach for the officer's weapon at all", and was attempting to get free, when Wilson drew his weapon and said, "I'll shoot you" or "I'm going to shoot", and fired his weapon hitting Brown. Following the initial gunshot, Brown freed himself, and the two fled. Wilson exited the vehicle, and fired several rounds at the fleeing Brown, hitting him once in the back. Brown turned around with his hands raised and said, "I don't have a gun. Stop shooting!" Wilson then shot Brown several more times, killing him.

In his testimony in September to the grand jury, Johnson said he and Brown had walked to a convenience store to buy cigarillos, but Brown instead reached over the counter and took them and shoved a clerk on his way out the door. Johnson testified that on their walk back home, Brown had the cigarillos in his hands in plain sight and two Ferguson police cars passed them, but did not stop. When Wilson encountered them, he told the two to "get the fuck on the sidewalk" and Johnson told him they would be off the street shortly as they were close to their destination. Johnson testified Wilson was the aggressor from the beginning and that for no apparent reason, he backed his vehicle up and tried to open his door, but Brown shut it, preventing him from getting out. Johnson said Wilson then reached out and grabbed Brown by the neck and the two were engaged in a "tug of war", and Wilson said "I'll shoot". Johnson said he never saw Brown hit Wilson and did not think Brown grabbed for Wilson's gun, but that a shot was fired. At that point, Johnson said they both ran and Wilson fired while Brown was running away, Brown turned around and "at that time Big Mike's hands was up, but not so much in the air, because he had been struck". Johnson told the jurors Brown said "I don't have a gun", was mad and tried to say again "I don't have a gun", but "before he can say the second sentence or before he can even get it out, that's when the several more shots came." In his testimony, Johnson maintained Brown did not run at Wilson prior to the fatal shots.

Early reaction and analysis

August 9–14

Peaceful protests and civil disorder broke out the day following Brown's shooting and lasted for several days. This was in part due to the belief among many that Brown was surrendering, as well as longstanding racial tensions between the minority-black population and the majority-white city government and police. As the details of the original shooting event emerged from investigators, police grappled with establishing curfews and maintaining order, while members of the Ferguson community demonstrated in various ways in the vicinity of the original shooting. On , a day of memorials began peacefully, but some crowd members became unruly after an evening candlelight vigil. Local police stations assembled approximately 150 officers in riot gear. Some people began looting businesses, vandalizing vehicles, and confronting police officers who sought to block off access to several areas of the city. Widespread media coverage examined the post-9/11 trend of local police departments arming themselves with military-grade weapons when dealing with protests. In the days following the shooting, state and federal officials weighed in on the matter. On , President Barack Obama offered his condolences to Brown's family and community. On , Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky said in an op-ed in ''Time Magazine'', that the event was a tragedy and that police forces need to be demilitarized.

August 15–30

On , a report and video showing the robbery of a convenience store by Brown was released by the Ferguson Police Department. Brown was accompanied by his friend Dorian Johnson. The report and video were part of a packet that included information about the shooting afterward. The report containing frames of the surveillance footage showed Brown grabbing a box of cigarillos, followed by an apparent struggle or confrontation between Brown and a store clerk. The statutory deadline in the Sunshine Law, Missouri's equivalent of the federal Freedom of Information Act, was the cited reason for the release following requests by '' Post-Dispatch'', Judicial Watch and others.

The Department of Justice had urged the video not be released, saying a release would inflame tension. Missouri Governor Jay Nixon identified the release as an attempt to disparage Brown during the investigation that would inflame the community. Brown's family released a statement in which they condemn the way the police chief chose to disseminate information, calling it character assassination following the " execution-style murder" of their son.

The release of information was criticized as part of an erratic and infrequent release of information by the police. Previously, the police withheld the name of the officer involved in the shooting, citing safety concerns following death threats against the unnamed officer. The County Police incident report lacked details. The Ferguson Police incident report was obtained by the ACLU after a request and subsequent lawsuit. Wilson did not file an incident report and there was no Ferguson Police use-of-force report related to the incident. The Ferguson Police Department refused to commit to a deadline for releasing a full autopsy report.

When the report and video were released, the police said Wilson had known Brown was a suspect in the robbery. In a media conference, Ferguson's chief of police Tom Jackson said the robbery was unrelated to the initial contact, and had nothing to do with Wilson stopping Brown and Johnson. Jackson later clarified Wilson recognized Brown as a suspect because he saw a box of cigars in his hand. Eugene O'Donnell, a former district attorney in New York City who now serves as a professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, said, while the police officer may have stopped Brown for jaywalking, Brown may have been thinking the officer knew about the robbery: "Obviously the cop's reaction is not affected, but what could be affected is rown'sreaction to the cop."

A Pew Research Center Survey published on August 18 suggested differences in American public opinion between whites and blacks. It indicated 80% of blacks and 37% of whites believed the shooting "raises important issues about race".

On , St. Louis held their annual Peace Fest, which had a particular focus on Mike Brown. In attendance was Mike Brown's father, Mike Brown Sr., as well as the parents of Trayvon Martin (an unarmed black teen who was shot and killed in Florida in 2012).

In August, Chief Jackson said Wilson had been injured in the incident. Wilson's medical record shows his injuries were diagnosed as a facial contusion or bruise.

Brown's funeral was held on and was attended by an estimated 4,500 people. Al Sharpton delivered one of two eulogies.

September–November 24

On , anonymous sources leaked to the '' Post-Dispatch'' what they described as Wilson's grand jury testimony. The Justice Department issued a statement that it "considers the selective release of information in this investigation to be irresponsible and highly troubling. Since the release of the convenience-store footage, there seems to be an inappropriate effort to influence public opinion about this case." Wilson's defense team denied they were behind the leaks, saying they " erenot in possession of any of the disclosed reports or the investigative report". The County prosecutor spokesperson said his office would not investigate the leaks because they could not force journalists to divulge their sources, and "you can tell by the information they have that the leaks are not coming from the grand jury or the prosecutor's office." The leaks concerning grand jury testimony were condemned by the Justice Department as inappropriate effort to influence public opinion about this case. The leaks referred to evidence supporting Wilson's testimony and decreased the likelihood of an indictment whilst fanning the flames of angry protesters.

November 24–early December

Following the grand jury announcement, protests, some of them violent, broke out in Ferguson and other cities across the United States. Several Ferguson businesses were looted and fires set by protesters. Protests erupted in 170 cities across the U.S., including St Louis, Philadelphia, Seattle, Albuquerque, New York City, Cleveland, Los Angeles, Oakland, Minneapolis, Atlanta, Chicago, and Boston. Numerous media reports and legal experts criticized the process for failing to return an indictment in cases concerning law enforcement officers.

A December 2014 opinion poll by Washington Post-ABC News showed a majority of blacks do not believe that they receive treatment equal to whites by the police or the criminal justice system. Six out of ten white Americans believe the police treat races equally with roughly half of white Americans believing the criminal justice provides equal treatment, but there is a sharp partisan divide between white Americans. Conservative or Republican white Americans are far more likely to say whites and blacks receive equal treatment in the justice system than the liberal or Democratic white Americans.

March 2015

On , the U.S. Department of Justice announced Wilson would not be charged in the shooting. Its report said " ere is no evidence upon which prosecutors can rely to disprove Wilson's stated subjective belief that he feared for his safety," and that accounts that Brown put his hands up are "inaccurate because they are inconsistent with the physical and forensic evidence".

President Obama reacted to the announcement, stating, "The finding that was made y the Department of Justicewas that it was not unreasonable to determine that there was not sufficient evidence to charge Officer Wilson. That was an objective, thorough, independent federal investigation." He further added, "We may never know exactly what happened. But Officer Wilson like anybody else who is charged with a crime benefits from due process and a reasonable doubt standard."

June–July 2015

In a Gallup Poll taken in June and July 2015, 8% of black respondents answered that local police treat racial minorities "very fairly" while 44% of black respondents answered "fairly". In contrast, 29% of non-Hispanic white respondents answered that local police treat racial minorities "very fairly" while 49% of non-Hispanic white respondents answered "fairly". In the same poll, 38% of black respondents and 18% of non-Hispanic white respondents indicated a preference for "greater police presence in their local communities."

International reactions

Various heads of state and foreign news organizations have commented on the shooting and subsequent protests including the Chinese Xinhua News Agency, Germany's ''Der Spiegel'', Egypt's Ministry of Foreign affairs, the Iranian Islamic Republic News Agency, protesters throughout the Middle East, the Russian Foreign Ministry, Spain's '' El Mundo'', the British '' Metro'', and others.

Amnesty International (AI) sent a team of human rights observers, trainers, and researchers to Ferguson. It was the first time the organization deployed such a team in the United States. In a press release, AI USA director Steven W. Hawkins said, "The U.S. cannot continue to allow those obligated and duty-bound to protect to become those who their community fears most." On , AI published a report declaring human rights abuses in Ferguson. The report cited the use of lethal force in Brown's death, racial discrimination and excessive use of police force, imposition of restrictions on the rights to protest, intimidation of protesters, the use of tear gas, rubber bullets, and long range acoustic devices, restrictions imposed on the media covering the protests, and lack of accountability for law enforcement policing protests.

Reactions to grand jury decision

The grand jury process was atypical because of significant and numerous departures from other normal grand jury proceedings. The American grand jury process operates in secret, with the proceedings, evidence and testimony rarely being released to the public in cases of no indictment. From the beginning, McCulloch desired to provide transparency to the process and had the proceeding transcribed with the intention of releasing the materials to the public if there was no indictment. Paul Cassell, former U.S. federal judge, said the investigative grand jury was unique because they were investigating with no assurance that any criminal conduct was present, in contrast to normal grand jury proceedings which have been screened for probable cause by a prosecutor. McCulloch's intentions to present all the evidence resulted in the proceedings which took far longer than regular grand juries which decide within days.

Earlier in the hearing, the prosecution presented a 1979 Missouri statute allowing officers to use deadly force "to effect the arrest or prevent the escape from custody f a person. Before the grand jury deliberated, jurors were told to disregard the previous instructions and use case law from the '' Tennessee v Garner'' ruling, which said it was unconstitutional for police officers to use deadly force to apprehend non-dangerous fleeing suspects. Missouri Attorney General Chris Koster, acknowledged the grand jury was given information based on the state law before being informed that deadly force cannot be used merely to prevent the escape of an unarmed suspect. ''MSNBC's'' Lawrence O'Donnell argued that this change amounted to a deliberate attempt by the prosecution to make it impossible to indict Wilson. Andrew F. Branca, a Massachusetts lawyer focusing on self-defense law, attributed O'Donnell's comments as a straw man because self-defense is a completely independent and sufficient justification for the use of deadly force. The Public Radio later clarified that even if Wilson was indicted and convicted at trial based on the Garner ruling, the conviction could be challenged on the basis that Missouri law permitted the use of deadly force.

The prosecution's handling of the case received particular attention. Roger Parloff said prosecutors do not usually exclude truly exculpatory evidence and that prosecutors do not typically indict if they believe the accused is not guilty, disagreeing with the notion that McCulloch should have presented evidence with the purpose of obtaining an indictment. Jay Sterling Silver said the grand jury case indicated a conflict of interest between local prosecutors and police, as the former needs to maintain a good relationship with law enforcement. Mark O'Mara said the unusual process was to avoid arguments that the presentation was to effect a particular result, yet despite this McCulloch was still criticized for the decision. Paul Callan, former deputy chief of homicide in the Brooklyn District Attorney's Office, gave a layered response which asserted the choice to present all the evidence was unusual, but not unprecedented in controversial cases. Callan said some prosecutors use the grand jury process as political cover in cases which would not succeed at trial, and in cases in which subsequent investigations and civil lawsuits would raise further criticism. William Fitzpatrick, of the National District Attorneys Association, said it was not strange for prosecutors in police-involved cases to provide all available evidence and not ask for a specific charge and defended McCulloch's inclusion of evidence. Jeffrey Toobin agreed the exoneration may have been well-justified because a conviction would have been very unlikely at a trial, but the process that was used does not inspire confidence in the legal system. In a later interview, McCulloch defended the choice to include all evidence and not skew the presentation just for the sake of getting an indictment.

''The New York Times'' described prosecutors' questioning of Wilson as "gentle" and said it contrasted with the sharp challenges to witnesses whose accounts seemed to contradict Wilson's, and reported this had led some to question whether the process was as objective as McCulloch had claimed. The ''Times'' reported prosecutors asked witness after witness if Brown appeared to be reaching for a weapon when confronting Wilson, though few of them said this. Furthermore, contradictions in testimony by Wilson and other law-enforcement officers were left unchallenged by prosecutors. CNN legal analyst Sunny Hostin criticized the prosecutors for asking softball questions during the cross examination of Wilson's testimony, and referred particularly to the fact that no witness could corroborate Wilson's story that he had warned Brown twice to lie down on the ground, and when asked, witnesses said they did not hear him say that.

After the grand jury's decision was announced, Brown's stepfather, Louis Head, turned to a crowd of demonstrators who had gathered, and yelled "Burn this bitch down", according to a ''New York Times'' video. Moments before, he had said "If I get up n the platformI'm gonna start a riot." He later apologized for the outburst.

Aftermath

By September 24, Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson publicly apologized to the family of Michael Brown. By March 12, five months later, Thomas Jackson resigned from the Ferguson Police Department. On , Wilson resigned from the Ferguson police force with no severance, citing security concerns. Wilson's lawyer said Wilson "will never be a police officer again" as he does not want to put other officers at risk due to his presence. The National Bar Association, an organization of African American lawyers and judges, made a complaint to the Missouri Department of Public Safety demanding Wilson's police officer license be revoked. Wilson's attempts to obtain employment as a police officer have been unsuccessful.

President Barack Obama announced the federal government would spend $75 million on body cameras for law enforcement officers, as one of the measures taken in response to the shooting.

According to the Associated Press' annual poll of United States news directors and editors, the top news story of 2014 was police killings of unarmed black people—including the shooting of Brown—as well as their investigations and the protests in their aftermath.

Roger Goldman, emeritus professor at Saint Louis University Law School, Flanders, a Saint Louis University law professor, and Senator Jamilah Nasheed seek the updating of Missouri state law to comply with the 1985 U.S. Supreme Court decision, ''Tennessee v. Garner''.

The cover of ''The New Yorker''s , 2015, issue depicted Martin Luther King Jr. linking arms with Eric Garner and Wenjian Liu, and joined by Trayvon Martin and Brown.

Funds for the Brown family and for Wilson were solicited on the internet, each accumulating hundreds of thousands of dollars in donations.

In August 2018, Prosecuting Attorney Bob McCulloch lost re-election to reformist Wesley Bell by double-digit margins, ending McCulloch's 28-year incumbency.

"Hands up, don't shoot"

"Hands up, don't shoot", or simply "hands up", is a slogan and gesture originating from the incident and was seen in demonstrations in Ferguson and throughout the United States. The gesture became a rallying cry against police violence.

On , 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice issued a report on the shooting, which said, "There is no witness who has stated that Brown had his hands up in surrender whose statement is otherwise consistent with the physical evidence" and "our investigation did not reveal any eyewitness who stated that Brown said 'don't shoot'."

Related incidents

On , two NYPD officers were shot and killed in their police car in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. The suspected gunman, Ismaaiyl Brinsley, posted days earlier on Instagram his intention to kill police officers in response to the killings of Brown and Eric Garner. The suspect, who had a long criminal record and had shot his girlfriend in the stomach a few hours earlier, entered the New York City Subway and committed suicide.

On , 2015, two police officers were wounded by gunfire outside the Ferguson police headquarters. The officers, one from nearby Webster Groves, the other from the County Police, were providing security at a protest being staged outside the station. Two days later, 20-year-old Jeffrey L. Williams was arrested in connection with the shooting. Williams' attorney said, although Williams fired the shots, he was not aiming at the officers.

Eighteen-year-old Tyrone Harris (friend of Brown) was shot by police in Ferguson on August 9, 2015, one year after the shooting of Michael Brown. That same day, the Columbia (Missouri) Police Officers' Association (CPOA) proclaimed "Darren Wilson Day", calling Wilson an "innocent, but persecuted, officer" and insisted his ethnicity had nothing to do with their support of him. An ABC affiliate reported the post was shared nearly 60 times on the site before being removed. The CPOA then posted its support for Wilson and "all law enforcement officers who endure similar situations."

Task force on policing

In December 2014, president Barack Obama created a commission to make recommendations for broad police reform in the United States. The commission created by Obama released an interim report on , 2015, with numerous recommendations, including the recommendation that policy be created mandating "external and independent criminal investigations in cases of police use of force resulting in death, officer-involved shootings resulting in injury or death, or in-custody deaths".

DOJ investigation into the Ferguson Police Department

On , 2014, the U.S. Department of Justice began an investigation of the Ferguson, Missouri, police force to examine whether officers routinely engaged in racial profiling or showed a pattern of excessive force. The investigation was separate from the Department's other investigation of the shooting of Brown. The results of the investigation were released in a , 2015, report, which concluded officers in Ferguson routinely violated the constitutional rights of the city's residents, by discriminating against African Americans and applying racial stereotypes, in a "pattern or practice of unlawful conduct within the Ferguson Police Department that violates the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, and federal statutory law" .

The report focused on the problem of issuing warrants for sometimes minor offenses. In many states, a chief cause for warrants is unpaid traffic tickets.

Brown family lawsuit

On , 2015, the Brown family filed a wrongful death lawsuit in state court against Wilson, Jackson, and the City of Ferguson, asking for damages in excess of $75,000 as well as attorney's fees. On , 2015, the lawsuit was moved from state court to federal court.

On , 2015, U.S. District Judge E. Richard Webber responded to defense motions by dismissing four of the seven counts of the lawsuit and declining to dismiss two other counts. On , 2017, Webber approved a settlement between Brown's parents and the city of Ferguson. Terms of the agreement, including the settlement amount, were sealed from the public. A Ferguson city attorney revealed the city's insurance company paid $1.5 million.

Dorian Johnson lawsuit

On , 2015, Johnson filed a lawsuit in state court against Wilson, Jackson, and the City of Ferguson for being stopped by Wilson without probable cause, reasonable suspicion or legal justification to detain him. The lawsuit claimed that, according to the findings of the , law enforcement efforts focused on generating revenue rather than protecting the town's citizens. Johnson seeks 25,000 in damages. On , 2015, the lawsuit was moved from state court to federal court. The court denied the defendants' motion to dismiss the case; they appealed, and a three-judge panel of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the district court on July 25, 2017, allowing the lawsuit to go forward. The en banc Eighth Circuit reviewed and reversed the panel's decision on June 17, 2019, directing the district court to dismiss the case.

Appointment of Delrish Moss as police chief

On May 9, 2016, Delrish Moss, a Miami law enforcement veteran and expert in community relations, was sworn in as the first permanent African American chief in Ferguson. He said his challenges would include diversifying the police force and dramatically improving community relations.

Lezley McSpadden announces run for Ferguson City Council

On April 25, 2018, Brown's mother, Lezley McSpadden, announced to a Harvard University forum on police violence that she would run for City Council of Ferguson. She did not win.

In popular culture

The same month Brown was shot dead, American rappers The Game, Rick Ross, 2 Chainz, Diddy, Fabolous, Wale, DJ Khaled, Swizz Beatz, Yo Gotti, Curren$y, Problem, King and recording group TGT released the song " Don't Shoot" as a tribute to Brown.

On ''De L'Amour'' — his final studio album released before his death in 2017 — the French rock and roll singer Johnny Hallyday sings "Dans la peau de Mike Brown", a song against racial crimes and in memory of Mike Brown.

On November 28, 2014, musician and filmmaker Richard Rossi was in the news regarding the controversy over the shooting of Michael Brown. Rossi wrote and recorded a protest song expressing his feelings about a grand jury's decision not to charge a white police officer in the death of the unarmed black teen in Ferguson, Missouri. "I wrote the song in five minutes as a way to express my emotions about the danger of trigger-happy police," Rossi said. "I filmed it on my laptop at my kitchen table and uploaded it to YouTube." Rossi uploaded the video on November 26, and provided the song's lyrics in the video description. Here is a sample from the song's beginning, printed in the ''Los Angeles Daily News'': "Down at the courthouse on a Monday afternoon/Justice was thrown right out the window when a young white cop entered the room."

In Prince's song about the 2015 Baltimore protests, "Baltimore", he sings "does anybody hear us pray for Michael Brown or Freddie Gray?".

In 2015, actor Ezra Miller directed a short film titled ''The Truth According to Darren Wilson''. In the film, Wilson recounts his version of events, ending in him being called into a room to tell it to investigators, implying that Wilson unlawfully murdered Brown, and that he later lied about the events of that day.

Brown's death is the subject of the song "What It Means" by Drive-By Truckers on their 2016 album '' American Band''.

Iconographer Mark Dukes created the icon Our Lady of Ferguson in response to the shooting.

Poet Danez Smith published a poem entitled "not an Elegy for Mike Brown", written the night of the incident.

Seattle based rapper Macklemore mentions Wilson in the song "White Privilege II" from his second collaborative effort with producer Ryan Lewis, 2016's '' This Unruly Mess I've Made'': "My success is the product of the same system that let off Darren Wilson – guilty"

English folk singer Reg Meuross included a song called "The Lonesome Death of Michael Brown" on his 2017 album ''Faraway People''. The song's title acknowledges Bob Dylan's song against racism in the 1960s, " The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll", which describes the death in Baltimore of a bartender at the hands of a drunk patron, who struck her with a cane causing her to die of a brain hemorrhage.

See also

* Black Lives Matter
* List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
* List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States
* List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, August 2014
* Mothers of the Movement
* Killing of Alton Sterling
* Killing of Philando Castile
* Killing of Tamir Rice
* Killing of Walter Scott
* Murder of George Floyd
* Murder of Laquan McDonald
* Killing of Breonna Taylor

Notes

References

{{reflist, 30em, refs=

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{{cite web , title=On the Streets of America: Human Rights Abuses in Ferguson , date=October 24, 2014 , access-date=October 25, 2014 , publisher=Amnesty International , url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/research/reports/on-the-streets-of-america-human-rights-abuses-in-ferguson , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024065957/http://www.amnestyusa.org/research/reports/on-the-streets-of-america-human-rights-abuses-in-ferguson , archive-date=October 24, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite web , title=Amnesty International Sends Human Rights Delegation to Ferguson, Missouri , date=August 14, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , publisher=Amnesty International , url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/press-releases/amnesty-international-sends-human-rights-delegation-to-ferguson-missouri , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125654/http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/press-releases/amnesty-international-sends-human-rights-delegation-to-ferguson-missouri , archive-date=August 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Holbrook , last1=Mohr , first2=David A. , last2=Lieb , first3=Phillip , last3=Lucas , title=Ferguson grand jury papers full of inconsistencies , date=November 26, 2014 , access-date=November 27, 2014 , website=AP News , url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/078c82ad45ff4ec6aa1c7744dfa7df14/grand-jury-documents-rife-inconsistencies , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127015755/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/078c82ad45ff4ec6aa1c7744dfa7df14/grand-jury-documents-rife-inconsistencies , archive-date=November 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=David , last=Crary , title=AP poll: Police killings of blacks voted top story of 2014 , date=December 22, 2014 , access-date=December 22, 2014 , agency=Associated Press , url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ad250438af4e4fae95d7e41f537661ef/ap-poll-police-killings-blacks-voted-top-story-2014 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222162431/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ad250438af4e4fae95d7e41f537661ef/ap-poll-police-killings-blacks-voted-top-story-2014 , archive-date=December 22, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=James , last=Hamblin , title=The Photos of Darren Wilson's Injury , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 28, 2014 , website=The Atlantic , url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/11/the-photos-of-darren-wilsons-injury/383155/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228200821/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/11/the-photos-of-darren-wilsons-injury/383155/ , archive-date=December 28, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Ferguson shooting: Protests spread across US , date=November 26, 2014 , access-date=November 26, 2014 , publisher=BBC News , url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-30203526 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126070426/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-30203526 , archive-date=November 26, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Andrew , last1=Harris , first2=Edvard , last2=Pettersson , title=Ferguson Officer Compared Brown to Hulk Hogan , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=November 26, 2014 , website=Bloomberg , url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2014-11-25/ferguson-cop-told-grand-jury-he-feared-for-his-life , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127064556/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-11-25/ferguson-cop-told-grand-jury-he-feared-for-his-life.html , archive-date=November 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Frances , last1=Robles , first2=Julie , last2=Bosman , title=Michael Brown was shot 6 times by Ferguson officer, preliminary autopsy shows , date=August 18, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , website=Boston Globe , url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2014/08/17/michael-brown-was-shot-times-ferguson-officer-preliminary-autopsy-shows/izi6zze4Z2QebrpaWtG2nI/story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819100401/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2014/08/17/michael-brown-was-shot-times-ferguson-officer-preliminary-autopsy-shows/izi6zze4Z2QebrpaWtG2nI/story.html , archive-date=August 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Tom , last1=Hamburger , first2=John , last2=Sullivan , title=Unorthodox forensic practices shown in Ferguson documents , date=November 26, 2014 , access-date=November 26, 2014 , website=Boston Globe , url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2014/11/26/unorthodox-forensic-practices-shown-ferguson-documents/JEgxCWRIx9y9xYF9QjToeJ/story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204212244/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2014/11/26/unorthodox-forensic-practices-shown-ferguson-documents/JEgxCWRIx9y9xYF9QjToeJ/story.html , archive-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Chris , last=Geidner , title=Amnesty International Takes "Unprecedented" U.S. Action In Ferguson , date=August 17, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , website=BuzzFeed News , url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/chrisgeidner/amnesty-international-takes-unprecedented-us-action-in-fergu#3vzdute , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821234046/http://www.buzzfeed.com/chrisgeidner/amnesty-international-takes-unprecedented-us-action-in-fergu#3ochg8t , archive-date=August 21, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , author=CBS/AP , title=Michael Brown autopsy results revealed; National Guard deployed , date=August 18, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , publisher=CBS News , agency=Associated Press , url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/preliminary-autopsy-shows-michael-brown-shot-six-times/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819035833/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/preliminary-autopsy-shows-michael-brown-shot-six-times/ , archive-date=August 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Documents describe Ferguson officer's version of fatal shooting , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=November 26, 2014 , publisher=CBS News , url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/documents-describe-ferguson-officers-version-of-fatal-shooting/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125072219/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/documents-describe-ferguson-officers-version-of-fatal-shooting/ , archive-date=November 25, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , author1=CBS staff , author2=AP , title=Feds launch investigation into Ferguson police department , date=November 26, 2014 , access-date=April 27, 2015 , publisher=CBS News , url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ferguson-missouri-shooting-feds-launch-investigation-into-police-department/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905144645/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ferguson-missouri-shooting-feds-launch-investigation-into-police-department/ , archive-date=September 5, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , author=CBS/AP , title=Ferguson police say teen shot by cop was suspect in robbery; officer's identity revealed , date=August 15, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , publisher=CBS News , agency=Associated Press , url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/darren-wilson-ferguson-police-officer-who-fatally-shot-michael-brown-identified/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816073643/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/darren-wilson-ferguson-police-officer-who-fatally-shot-michael-brown-identified/ , archive-date=August 16, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , author=Tribune wire reports , title=Protests near St. Louis continue for slain teen after riot, arrests , date=August 11, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=Chicago Tribune , url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-missouri-police-shooting-20140811-story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825195539/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-missouri-police-shooting-20140811-story.html , archive-date=August 25, 2014 , url-status=dead

{{cite news, url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-ferguson-cop-shooting-suspect-20150316-story.html, title=Attorney: Ferguson shooting suspect didn't target officers, publisher=Chicago Tribune, date=March 16, 2015, access-date=October 29, 2017, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030040846/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-ferguson-cop-shooting-suspect-20150316-story.html, archive-date=October 30, 2017, url-status=live

{{cite news , title=American Killed Fighting for ISIS; Interview with Rear Admiral John Kirby, Pentagon Press Secretary; FBI Analyzing Alleged New Audio of Brown Shooting , date=August 27, 2014 , access-date=August 28, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1408/27/nday.05.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828114136/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1408/27/nday.05.html , archive-date=August 28, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Holly , last=Yan , title=FBI analyzing alleged audio of Michael Brown shooting , date=August 27, 2014 , access-date=August 28, 2014 , website=CNN U.S. , url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/27/us/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting-audio/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828114254/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/27/us/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting-audio/ , archive-date=August 28, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Holly , last=Yan , title=Attorney: New audio reveals pause in gunfire when Michael Brown was shot , date=August 27, 2014 , access-date=August 28, 2014 , website=CNN U.S. , url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/26/us/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting/index.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827180011/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/26/us/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting/index.html , archive-date=August 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Jason , last=Hanna , title=Audio captured about time of Michael Brown shooting, company says , date=August 28, 2014 , access-date=August 28, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/28/justice/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting-audio/index.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828212822/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/28/justice/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting-audio/index.html , archive-date=August 28, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Josh , last=Levs , title=One challenge for Ferguson grand jury: Some witnesses' credibility , date=December 14, 2014 , access-date=April 28, 2015 , publisher=CNN , url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/14/justice/ferguson-witnesses-credibility/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420204852/http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/14/justice/ferguson-witnesses-credibility/ , archive-date=April 20, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Moni , last1=Basu , first2=Holly , last2=Yan , first3=Dana , last3=Ford , title=Fires, chaos erupt in Ferguson after grand jury doesn't indict in Michael Brown case , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=November 26, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/24/justice/ferguson-grand-jury/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202204603/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/24/justice/ferguson-grand-jury/ , archive-date=December 2, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , publisher=KMOV , title=Michael Brown's friend describes shooting , date=August 12, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , via=CNN , url=http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2014/08/12/sot-dorian-johnson-michael-brown-shooting.kmov , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825184335/http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/us/2014/08/12/sot-dorian-johnson-michael-brown-shooting.kmov.html , archive-date=August 25, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Eliott C. , last1=McLaughlin , first2=Michael , last2=Pearson , first3=Susanna , last3=Capelouto , title=Michael Brown's funeral: Hope, tears and a call for social change , date=August 25, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , website=CNN U.S. , url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/25/us/ferguson-michael-brown-funeral , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826012704/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/25/us/ferguson-michael-brown-funeral/ , archive-date=August 26, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Eliott C. , last1=McLaughlin , first2=Ed , last2=Payne , title=Michael Brown family files lawsuit, seeks at least $75,000 in Ferguson case , date=April 23, 2015 , access-date=April 23, 2015 , publisher=CNN , url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/23/us/ferguson-missouri-michael-brown-parents-civil-lawsuit/index.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423053735/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/23/us/ferguson-missouri-michael-brown-parents-civil-lawsuit/index.html , archive-date=April 23, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Dueling narratives in Michael Brown shooting , date=September 16, 2014 , access-date=October 16, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/19/us/ferguson-michael-brown-dueling-narratives/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016235340/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/19/us/ferguson-michael-brown-dueling-narratives/ , archive-date=October 16, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Ralph , last1=Ellis , first2=Brian , last2=Todd , first3=Faith , last3=Karimi , title=Citing security concerns, Darren Wilson resigns from Ferguson police force , date=November 29, 2014 , access-date=November 29, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/29/us/ferguson-protests , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130200016/http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/29/us/ferguson-protests/ , archive-date=November 30, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Greg , last1=Botelho , first2=Catherine E. , last2=Shoichet , title=State, county police take over Ferguson protest security after shooting , date=March 12, 2015 , access-date=March 27, 2015 , publisher=CNN , url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/12/us/ferguson-protests/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318231142/http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/12/us/ferguson-protests/ , archive-date=March 18, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Eliott C. , last=McLaughlin , title=What we know about Michael Brown's shooting , date=August 15, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=CNN U.S. , url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/us/missouri-ferguson-michael-brown-what-we-know/index.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825101929/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/us/missouri-ferguson-michael-brown-what-we-know/index.html , archive-date=August 25, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Jason , last1=Hanna , first2=Evan , last2=Perez , first3=Shimon , last3=Prokupecz , title=Michael Brown's stepfather sorry for outburst in Ferguson protests , date=December 4, 2014 , access-date=December 4, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/12/03/justice/ferguson-protests/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205003622/http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/03/justice/ferguson-protests/ , archive-date=December 5, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Ray , last=Sanchez , title=Michael Brown's stepfather at rally: 'Burn this bitch down!' , date=November 26, 2014 , access-date=December 1, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/25/us/michael-brown-stepfather-video/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204004800/http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/25/us/michael-brown-stepfather-video/ , archive-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Ashley , last1=Fantz , first2=George , last2=Howell , first3=Catherine E. , last3=Shoichet , title=Gunshots, tear gas in Missouri town where police shot teen , date=August 12, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=CNN U.S. , url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/us/missouri-teen-shooting/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817214122/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/us/missouri-teen-shooting/ , archive-date=August 17, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Saeed , last=Ahmed , title=Ferguson flash mob disrupts St. Louis symphony with Michael Brown requiem , date=October 6, 2014 , access-date=December 13, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/06/us/michael-brown-symphony-performance/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201214844/http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/06/us/michael-brown-symphony-performance/ , archive-date=December 1, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Rachel , last=Clarke , title=Wilson's testimony changes little, though evidence questions some points , date=November 27, 2014 , access-date=December 4, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/27/us/darren-wilson-testimony-compared/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204200253/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/27/us/darren-wilson-testimony-compared/ , archive-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Catherine E. , last1=Shoichet , first2=Ben , last2=Brumfield , first3=Tristan , last3=Smith , title=Tear gas fills Ferguson's streets again , date=August 13, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=CNN U.S. , url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/13/us/missouri-teen-shooting/index.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827115453/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/13/us/missouri-teen-shooting/index.html , archive-date=August 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Rachel , last1=Clarke , first2=Mariano , last2=Castillo , title=Michael Brown shooting: What Darren Wilson told the Ferguson grand jury , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 6, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/25/justice/ferguson-grand-jury-documents/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207033641/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/25/justice/ferguson-grand-jury-documents/ , archive-date=December 7, 2014 , url-status=live

[transcript] {{cite news , publisher=CNN , title=National Guard troop are now in charge in Ferguson, Missouri security; Result of autopsy performed by Michael Baden to Michael Brown's body was released; A Woman told officer Darren Wilson's side of the story on the incident; , date=August 18, 2014 , access-date=November 19, 2014 , url=http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1408/18/cnr.05.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119173133/http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1408/18/cnr.05.html , archive-date=November 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Raul A. , last=Reyes , title=Ferguson message: Justice system unfair to minorities , date=November 27, 2014 , access-date=November 27, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/24/opinion/reyes-ferguson-grand-jury/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201133821/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/24/opinion/reyes-ferguson-grand-jury/ , archive-date=December 1, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , author=Anderson Cooper 360 , title=Police Chief: Michael Brown was 'unarmed' , date=August 11, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , publisher=CNN , url=http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2014/08/12/ac-michael-brown-killed-thomas-jackson-intv.cnn , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813040058/http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/us/2014/08/12/ac-michael-brown-killed-thomas-jackson-intv.cnn.html , archive-date=August 13, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite web , title=Brown, Michael — Post Mortem Examination — Exam Case:2014–5143 , date=August 10, 2014 , access-date=December 1, 2014 , publisher=St. Louis County, Office of the Medical Examiner , url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1370591/2014-5143-autopsy-report.pdf , format=PDF-15.3 MB-6 pages , pages=3–4 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217002056/https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1370591/2014-5143-autopsy-report.pdf , archive-date=December 17, 2014 , url-status=live }
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{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127170320/http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1370591-2014-5143-autopsy-report.html , date=November 27, 2014 )

{{cite news , first=Mark , last=Trumbull , title=Ferguson Grand Jury: What Do We Know about Michael Brown Deliberations? , date=November 19, 2014 , access-date=December 14, 2014 , work=The Christian Science Monitor , url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-390794676.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329080956/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-390794676.html , url-status=dead , archive-date=March 29, 2015 , url-access=subscription , via=HighBeam Research

{{cite news , first=Harry , last=Bruinius , title=Eric Garner case 101: Why grand juries rarely indict police officers (+video) , date=December 9, 2014 , access-date=December 16, 2014 , website=The Christian Science Monitor , url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2014/1209/Eric-Garner-case-101-Why-grand-juries-rarely-indict-police-officers-video , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216200433/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2014/1209/Eric-Garner-case-101-Why-grand-juries-rarely-indict-police-officers-video , archive-date=December 16, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite web , title=Ferguson City Attorney Stephanie Karr makes Statement on FOI Requests , date=September 5, 2014 , access-date=December 29, 2014 , website=Devin James Group , url=http://www.devinjamesgroup.com/ferguson-city-attorney-stephanie-karr-makes-statement-on-foi-requests/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215014940/http://www.devinjamesgroup.com/ferguson-city-attorney-stephanie-karr-makes-statement-on-foi-requests/ , archive-date=December 15, 2014 , url-status=dead

{{cite news , first=Matt , last=Pearce , title=Feds blast Ferguson leaks as attempt to sway public , date=October 23, 2014 , access-date=October 24, 2014 , website=Detroit Free Press , url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/23/feds-blast-ferguson-leaks-attempt-sway-public-opinion/17769683/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024202015/http://www.freep.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/23/feds-blast-ferguson-leaks-attempt-sway-public-opinion/17769683/ , archive-date=October 24, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=David , last=Hammer , title=Ferguson grand jury documents withheld , date=December 8, 2014 , access-date=December 8, 2014 , website=Detroit Free Press , url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/nation/2014/12/08/michael-brown-ferguson-police-protest-grand-jury-documents/20084669/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209033526/http://www.freep.com/story/news/nation/2014/12/08/michael-brown-ferguson-police-protest-grand-jury-documents/20084669/ , archive-date=December 9, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Egypt calls for restraint in Ferguson , date=August 19, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=Daily News Egypt , url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/08/19/egypt-calls-restraint-ferguson/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826235653/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/08/19/egypt-calls-restraint-ferguson/ , archive-date=August 26, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite web , title=Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department , date=March 4, 2015 , website=United States Department of Justice , publisher=USDOJ Civil Rights Division , url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310040150/http://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf , archive-date=March 10, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite web , title=Interim Report of the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing , date=March 4, 2015 , website=United States Department of Justice , publisher=Office of Community Oriented Policing Services , url=http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/Interim_TF_Report.pdf , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305034839/http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/Interim_TF_Report.pdf , archive-date=March 5, 2015 , url-status=dead

{{cite web , title=Department of Justice Report Regarding the Criminal Investigation Into the Shooting Death of Michael Brown by Ferguson, Missouri Police Officer Darren Wilson , date=March 4, 2015 , access-date=March 29, 2015 , website=United States Department of Justice , url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/doj_report_on_shooting_of_michael_brown_1.pdf , ref = {{harvid , USDOJ , 2015 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315022048/http://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/doj_report_on_shooting_of_michael_brown_1.pdf , archive-date=March 15, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=We don't belong here , date=November 29, 2014 , access-date=November 29, 2014 , newspaper=The Economist , url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21635007-rioting-one-run-down-suburb-st-louis-shows-enduring-rift-between-blacks-and , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129022352/http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21635007-rioting-one-run-down-suburb-st-louis-shows-enduring-rift-between-blacks-and , archive-date=November 29, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Roger , last=Parloff , title=Two deaths: The crucial difference between Eric Garner's case and Michael Brown's , date=December 5, 2014 , access-date=December 12, 2014 , website=Fortune , url=http://fortune.com/2014/12/05/two-deaths-the-crucial-difference-between-eric-garners-case-and-michael-browns/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213023054/http://fortune.com/2014/12/05/two-deaths-the-crucial-difference-between-eric-garners-case-and-michael-browns/ , archive-date=December 13, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson cedes much of his authority , date=August 16, 2014 , access-date=September 15, 2014 , publisher=Fox News Channel , agency=Associated Press , url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/08/16/ferguson-police-chief-thomas-jackson-cedes-much-his-authority/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819143804/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/08/16/ferguson-police-chief-thomas-jackson-cedes-much-his-authority/ , archive-date=August 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Gov. Nixon declares state of emergency, imposes curfew in Ferguson , date=August 16, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , publisher=Fox News Channel , url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/08/16/gov-nixon-declares-emergency-imposes-curfew-in-ferguson/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819095238/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/08/16/gov-nixon-declares-emergency-imposes-curfew-in-ferguson/ , archive-date=August 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Gunshots, looting after grand jury in Ferguson case does not indict officer in Michael Brown shooting , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=November 25, 2014 , publisher=Fox News Channel , url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/11/25/ferguson-grand-jury-decision/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125112944/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/11/25/ferguson-grand-jury-decision/ , archive-date=November 25, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title='Hands Up, Don't Shoot' becomes rallying cry despite questions whether hands were raised high , date=November 27, 2014 , access-date=December 4, 2014 , publisher=Fox News Channel , agency=Associated Press , url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/11/27/hands-up-dont-shoot-becomes-rallying-cry-despite-questions-whether-hands-were/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115175929/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/11/27/hands-up-dont-shoot-becomes-rallying-cry-despite-questions-whether-hands-were/ , archive-date=January 15, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=What the grand jury heard: Ferguson witness accounts differ from story on street , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=November 26, 2014 , publisher=Fox News Channel , url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/11/25/what-grand-jury-heard-ferguson-witnesses-account-differs-from-story-on-street/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126044421/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/11/25/what-grand-jury-heard-ferguson-witnesses-account-differs-from-story-on-street/ , archive-date=November 26, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite web , title=In the Moment: Glide Verifies Ferguson Shooting Recording , date=August 28, 2014 , access-date=August 29, 2014 , website=Glide , url=http://blog.glide.me/post/96012321805/in-the-moment-glide-verifies-ferguson-shooting , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828213529/http://blog.glide.me/post/96012321805/in-the-moment-glide-verifies-ferguson-shooting , archive-date=August 28, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Hannah , last=Giorgis , title=Beyond 'Hands Up, Don't Shoot': what if there's no indictment in Ferguson? , date=November 10, 2014 , access-date=December 4, 2014 , website=The Guardian , url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/10/no-indictment-ferguson-no-justice-michael-brown , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203092931/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/10/no-indictment-ferguson-no-justice-michael-brown , archive-date=December 3, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Nicky , last=Woolf , title=Ferguson prosecutor says witnesses in Darren Wilson case lied under oath , date=December 19, 2014 , access-date=July 4, 2015 , website=The Guardian , url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/19/ferguson-prosecutor-witnesses-darren-wilson-michael-brown , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629163238/http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/19/ferguson-prosecutor-witnesses-darren-wilson-michael-brown , archive-date=June 29, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Joanna , last1=Walters , first2=Jon , last2=Swaine , title=Missouri governor points finger at Ferguson police chief for new violence , date=August 17, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=The Guardian , url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/17/missouri-governor-points-finger-ferguson-police-chief-renewed-violence , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818080129/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/17/missouri-governor-points-finger-ferguson-police-chief-renewed-violence , archive-date=August 18, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Blue , last=Browning , title=Conflicting accounts of Michael Brown shooting , date=August 31, 2014 , access-date=October 16, 2014 , website=HLN , url=http://www.hlntv.com/slideshow/2014/08/31/conflicting-accounts-michael-brown-ferguson-shooting , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831192625/http://www.hlntv.com/slideshow/2014/08/31/conflicting-accounts-michael-brown-ferguson-shooting , archive-date=August 31, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Andres , last=Jauregui , title=Witnesses Lied Under Oath In Ferguson Grand Jury, Prosecutor Says , date=December 19, 2014 , access-date=April 27, 2015 , website=The Huffington Post , url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/12/19/witnesses-lied-ferguson-grand-jury-bob-mcculloch_n_6356804.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116044958/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/12/19/witnesses-lied-ferguson-grand-jury-bob-mcculloch_n_6356804.html , archive-date=January 16, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Mariah , last=Stewart , title=Witness to Michael Brown's Death Sues City of Ferguson, Former Police Chief And Darren Wilson , date=May 7, 2015 , access-date=May 7, 2015 , website=The Huffington Post , url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/06/dorian-johnson-lawsuit_n_7226276.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508173926/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/06/dorian-johnson-lawsuit_n_7226276.html , archive-date=May 8, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Mark , last=Hanrahan , title=Michael Brown Shooting: Witness Accounts Tell Conflicting Stories , date=August 21, 2014 , access-date=October 16, 2014 , website=International Business Times , url=http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-shooting-witness-accounts-tell-conflicting-stories-1664786 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005203801/http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-shooting-witness-accounts-tell-conflicting-stories-1664786 , archive-date=October 5, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Thomas , last=Barrabi , title=Michael Brown Robbed Convenience Store, Stole Cigarillos Before Darren Wilson Shooting, Dorian Johnson Says , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=November 26, 2014 , website=International Business Times , url=http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-robbed-convenience-store-stole-cigarillos-darren-wilson-shooting-dorian-1729359 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202161139/http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-robbed-convenience-store-stole-cigarillos-darren-wilson-shooting-dorian-1729359 , archive-date=December 2, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Treye , last=Green , title=Dorian Johnson, Mike Brown Shooting Witness, Meeting With FBI And County Prosecutor , date=August 13, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=International Business Times , url=http://www.ibtimes.com/dorian-johnson-mike-brown-shooting-witness-meeting-fbi-county-prosecutor-1657892 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814024406/http://www.ibtimes.com/dorian-johnson-mike-brown-shooting-witness-meeting-fbi-county-prosecutor-1657892 , archive-date=August 14, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Michael , last=Hausam , title=Missouri Gov. Nixon Joins Obama Admin. & News Media Condemning Release of Ferguson Robbery Footage , date=August 2014 , access-date=September 26, 2014 , website=Independent Journal Review , url=http://www.ijreview.com/2014/08/168788-missouri-governor-says-releasing-convenience-store-footage-right-put-region-alert/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818055144/http://www.ijreview.com/2014/08/168788-missouri-governor-says-releasing-convenience-store-footage-right-put-region-alert/ , archive-date=August 18, 2014 , url-status=dead

{{cite news , first=Mark , last=Morris , title=Local pathology assistant Shawn Parcells is at the heart of the Ferguson storm , date=September 1, 2014 , access-date=November 18, 2014 , website=The Kansas City Star , url=http://www.kansascity.com/news/local/crime/article1337089.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906064928/http://www.kansascity.com/news/local/crime/article1337089.html , archive-date=September 6, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Jim , last=Suhr , title=Mourners urge black Americans to take action , date=August 25, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , website=The Kansas City Star , url=http://www.kansascity.com/news/state/missouri/article1290626.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114854/http://www.kansascity.com/news/state/missouri/article1290626.html , archive-date=August 26, 2014 , url-status=dead

{{cite news , first=Haley , last=Harrison , title=Pathologist assistant in Michael Brown case responds to controversy , date=September 24, 2014 , access-date=November 18, 2014 , publisher=KMBC , location=Kansas City, Missouri , url=http://www.kmbc.com/news/pathologist-assistant-in-michael-brown-case-responds-to-controversy/28234292 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118204122/http://www.kmbc.com/news/pathologist-assistant-in-michael-brown-case-responds-to-controversy/28234292 , archive-date=November 18, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Adam , last=McDonald , title=President Obama releases statement on death of Michael Brown, Jr , date=August 12, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , publisher=KMOV , location=St. Louis, Missouri , url=http://www.kmov.com/special-coverage-001/President-Obama-releases-statement-on-death-of-Michael-Brown-270966801.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813023659/http://www.kmov.com/special-coverage-001/President-Obama-releases-statement-on-death-of-Michael-Brown-270966801.html , archive-date=August 13, 2014 , url-status=dead

{{cite news , title=Amnesty International Takes 'Unprecedented' Step in Sending Delegation to Ferguson , date=August 18, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , publisher=KMOX , location=St. Louis, Missouri , url=http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/18/amnesty-international-takes-unprecedented-step-in-sending-delegation-to-ferguson/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819013533/http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/18/amnesty-international-takes-unprecedented-step-in-sending-delegation-to-ferguson/ , archive-date=August 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Mandy , last=Murphey , title=Video: Timeline of robbery surveillance video purportedly showing Michael Brown , date=August 15, 2014 , access-date=September 19, 2014 , publisher=KPLR , location=St. Louis, Missouri , url=http://kplr11.com/2014/08/15/video-timeline-of-robbery-surveillance-video-purportedly-showing-michael-brown/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829135013/http://kplr11.com/2014/08/15/video-timeline-of-robbery-surveillance-video-purportedly-showing-michael-brown/ , archive-date=August 29, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=John , last=Henry , title=Church ready for Michael Brown's funeral , date=August 22, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , publisher=KSDK , location=St. Louis, Missouri , url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/22/friendly-temple-missionary-baptist-ready-michael-brown/14459253/ , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://archive.today/20140824015441/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/22/friendly-temple-missionary-baptist-ready-michael-brown/14459253/ , archive-date=August 24, 2014

{{cite news , first=Brandie , last=Piper , title=Crump: This will be a 'defining moment' in history , date=November 14, 2014 , access-date=November 18, 2014 , publisher=KSDK , location=St. Louis, Missouri , url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/11/13/michael-baden-grand-jury-testimony/18959707/ , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://archive.today/20141119005842/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/11/13/michael-baden-grand-jury-testimony/18959707/ , archive-date=November 19, 2014

{{cite news , first=Jim , last=Suhr , title=Nearly $700K donated after Michael Brown shooting , date=August 27, 2014 , access-date=April 20, 2015 , publisher=KSDK , location=St. Louis, Missouri , agency=Associated Press , url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/27/nearly-700k-donated-after-michael-brown-shooting/14693737/ , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://archive.today/20150420202922/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/27/nearly-700k-donated-after-michael-brown-shooting/14693737/ , archive-date=April 20, 2015

{{cite news , first=Aja J. , last=Williams , title=What is strong-arm robbery? , date=August 18, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , publisher=KSDK , location=St. Louis, Missouri , url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/15/strong-arm-robbery-definition-st-louis-county/14122545/ , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://archive.today/20140817165847/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/15/strong-arm-robbery-definition-st-louis-county/14122545/ , archive-date=August 17, 2014

{{cite AV media , title=McGraw Live , publisher=Big 550 KTRS , location=St. Louis, Missouri , date=December 19, 2014 , people=McGraw Milhaven, Robert P. McCulloch , medium=Televised Radio Broadcast

{{cite news , first=Anthony , last=Kiekow , title=Dr. Baden to testify before Brown grand jury , date=November 11, 2014 , access-date=November 19, 2014 , publisher=KTVI , location=St. Louis, Missouri , url=http://fox2now.com/2014/11/11/dr-baden-to-testify-before-brown-grand-jury/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119172126/http://fox2now.com/2014/11/11/dr-baden-to-testify-before-brown-grand-jury/ , archive-date=November 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Calm in Ferguson, but fight over conflicting stories goes on , date=August 22, 2014 , access-date=October 16, 2014 , publisher=KTVI , location=St. Louis, Missouri , url=http://fox2now.com/2014/08/22/calm-in-ferguson-but-fight-over-conflicting-stories-goes-on/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824203517/http://fox2now.com/2014/08/22/calm-in-ferguson-but-fight-over-conflicting-stories-goes-on/ , archive-date=August 24, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=William , last=Freivogel , title=What We Know – And Don't Know – About Michael Brown's Shooting , date=October 30, 2014 , access-date=November 15, 2014 , publisher=KWMU , location=St. Louis, Missouri , url=http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/what-we-know-and-dont-know-about-michael-browns-shooting , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116023251/http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/what-we-know-and-dont-know-about-michael-browns-shooting , archive-date=November 16, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=William , last=Freivogel , title=Grand Jury Wrangled With Confusing Instructions , date=November 26, 2014 , access-date=December 2, 2014 , publisher=KWMU , location=St. Louis, Missouri , url=http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/grand-jury-wrangled-confusing-instructions , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202184556/http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/grand-jury-wrangled-confusing-instructions , archive-date=December 2, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Molly , last1=Hennessy-Fiske , first2=Richard A. , last2=Serrano , title=Autopsy shows Michael Brown was shot six times, and twice in the head , date=August 17, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-michael-brown-20140817-story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819110314/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-michael-brown-20140817-story.html , archive-date=August 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Matt , last1=Pearce , first2=Molly , last2=Hennessy-Fiske , first3=Tina , last3=Susman , title=Some warn that Gov. Jay Nixon's curfew for Ferguson, Mo., may backfire , date=August 16, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-protests-020140816-story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817021004/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-protests-020140816-story.html , archive-date=August 17, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=James , last1=Queally , first2=Maria L. , last2=La Ganga , title=Ferguson, Mo.: New recordings, documents released in Michael Brown case , date=December 8, 2014 , access-date=December 9, 2014 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-more-grand-jury-documents-michael-brown-shooting-20141208-story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209054421/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-more-grand-jury-documents-michael-brown-shooting-20141208-story.html , archive-date=December 9, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Timothy M. , last1=Phelps , first2=Michael , last2=Muskal , title=Federal report largely backs Darren Wilson in Ferguson police shooting case , date=March 4, 2015 , access-date=March 25, 2015 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-darren-wilson-not-charged-20150304-story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318122343/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-darren-wilson-not-charged-20150304-story.html , archive-date=March 18, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Federal Autopsy of Michael Brown , date=December 8, 2014 , access-date=December 9, 2014 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=http://documents.latimes.com/federal-autopsy-michael-brown/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209203740/http://documents.latimes.com/federal-autopsy-michael-brown/ , archive-date=December 9, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Lauren , last=Raab , title=Grand jury starts on Michael Brown case: What you need to know , date=August 20, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-grand-jury-ferguson-michael-brown-20140820-story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821213246/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-grand-jury-ferguson-michael-brown-20140820-story.html , archive-date=August 21, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Julie , last=Makinen , title=Michael Brown shooting in Ferguson becomes an international incident , date=August 18, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-ferguson-michael-brown-shooting-world-reaction-20140818-story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819105443/http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-ferguson-michael-brown-shooting-world-reaction-20140818-story.html , archive-date=August 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=James , last=Queally , title=Robbery matters little in shooting death of Michael Brown, experts say , date=August 15, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-police-experts-20140815-story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816000443/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-police-experts-20140815-story.html , archive-date=August 16, 2014 , url-status=live

Lawsuit petition in {{cite news , title=Michael Brown's family files civil lawsuit against Ferguson , date=April 23, 2015 , access-date=April 24, 2015 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=http://documents.latimes.com/michael-browns-family-files-civil-lawsuit-against-ferguson/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425112457/http://documents.latimes.com/michael-browns-family-files-civil-lawsuit-against-ferguson/ , archive-date=April 25, 2015 , url-status=live See PRAYER FOR RELIEF on pp. 42–43 of petition.

{{cite news , first=David , last=Zucchino , title=Prosecutor's grand jury strategy in Ferguson case adds to controversy , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=November 26, 2014 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-da-analysis-20141126-story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126052620/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-da-analysis-20141126-story.html , archive-date=November 26, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Molly , last1=Hennessy-Fiske , first2=Matt , last2=Pearce , first3=Tina , last3=Susman , title=Officer who shot Michael Brown didn't know he was a robbery suspect , date=August 15, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-fergsuon-shooting-police-name-20140815-story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815152358/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-fergsuon-shooting-police-name-20140815-story.html , archive-date=August 15, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=James , last=Queally , title=What key witnesses to the Michael Brown shooting have to say , date=August 21, 2014 , access-date=September 4, 2014 , website=Los Angeles Times , url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-witness-accounts-20140821-story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822093347/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-witness-accounts-20140821-story.html , archive-date=August 22, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite web , first=Andrew , last=Branca , title=No, Prosecution did not Mislead #Ferguson Grand Jury into Erroneous Decision , date=November 28, 2014 , access-date=December 20, 2014 , website=Legal Insurrection , url=http://legalinsurrection.com/2014/11/no-prosecution-did-not-mislead-ferguson-grand-jury-into-erroneous-decision/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220203215/http://legalinsurrection.com/2014/11/no-prosecution-did-not-mislead-ferguson-grand-jury-into-erroneous-decision/ , archive-date=December 20, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Abigail , last=Chandler , title=Michael Brown protests in Ferguson: When the police dehumanise a community, it shames all of us , date=August 14, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , website=Metro , url=http://metro.co.uk/2014/08/14/michael-brown-protests-in-ferguson-when-the-police-dehumanise-a-community-it-shames-all-of-us-4832742/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817182837/http://metro.co.uk/2014/08/14/michael-brown-protests-in-ferguson-when-the-police-dehumanise-a-community-it-shames-all-of-us-4832742/ , archive-date=August 17, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Trymaine , last1=Lee , first2=Zachary , last2=Roth , first3=Jane C. , last3=Timm , title=Obama to announce $75 million for body cameras , date=December 1, 2014 , access-date=December 1, 2014 , publisher=MSNBC , url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/obama-announce-75-million-body-cameras , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201193611/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/obama-announce-75-million-body-cameras , archive-date=December 1, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Trymaine , last=Lee , title=Eyewitness to Michael Brown shooting recounts his friend's death , date=August 12, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , publisher=MSNBC , url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/eyewitness-michael-brown-fatal-shooting-missouri , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813052912/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/eyewitness-michael-brown-fatal-shooting-missouri , archive-date=August 13, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Ferguson Cop Darren Wilson Will Never Police Again, His Lawyer Says , date=November 27, 2014 , access-date=November 28, 2014 , publisher=NBC News , url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/ferguson-cop-darren-wilson-will-never-police-again-his-lawyer-n257511 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207010733/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/ferguson-cop-darren-wilson-will-never-police-again-his-lawyer-n257511 , archive-date=December 7, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=FBI Investigating Ferguson Police Shooting of Teen Michael Brown , date=August 11, 2014 , access-date=January 6, 2015 , publisher=NBC News , url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/fbi-investigating-ferguson-police-shooting-teen-michael-brown-n177761 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108011521/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/fbi-investigating-ferguson-police-shooting-teen-michael-brown-n177761 , archive-date=January 8, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Mike , last=Kosnar , title=Feds Urged Police Not to Release Michael Brown 'Robbery' Video , date=August 16, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , publisher=NBC News , url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/feds-urged-police-not-release-michael-brown-robbery-video-n182346 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817133115/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/feds-urged-police-not-release-michael-brown-robbery-video-n182346 , archive-date=August 17, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Looting Erupts After Vigil for Slain Missouri Teen Michael Brown , date=August 10, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , publisher=NBC News , agency=Associated Press , url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/looting-erupts-after-vigil-slain-missouri-teen-michael-brown-n177426 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813140445/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/looting-erupts-after-vigil-slain-missouri-teen-michael-brown-n177426 , archive-date=August 13, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Elizabeth , last=Chuck , title=Petition Against Prosecutor in Ferguson Case Has 70,000 Signatures , date=August 21, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , publisher=NBC News , url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/petition-against-prosecutor-ferguson-case-has-70-000-signatures-n186036 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822201447/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/petition-against-prosecutor-ferguson-case-has-70-000-signatures-n186036 , archive-date=August 22, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Ron , last1=Allen , first2=Tracy , last2=Connor , title=FBI Probing Alleged Audio of Michael Brown Shooting , date=August 26, 2014 , access-date=August 28, 2014 , publisher=NBC News , url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/fbi-probing-alleged-audio-michael-brown-shooting-n189291 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827104838/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/fbi-probing-alleged-audio-michael-brown-shooting-n189291 , archive-date=August 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Paula , last=Mejia , title=Altercation Between Michael Brown and Darren Wilson Unfolded in 90 Seconds: Report , date=November 15, 2014 , access-date=November 16, 2014 , website=Newsweek , url=http://www.newsweek.com/altercation-between-michael-brown-and-officer-darren-wilson-unfolded-90-284728 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115220112/http://www.newsweek.com/altercation-between-michael-brown-and-officer-darren-wilson-unfolded-90-284728 , archive-date=November 15, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Polly , last=Mosendz , title=Crime Scene Medical Examiner Took No Measurements, Photos of Brown , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 15, 2014 , website=Newsweek , url=http://www.newsweek.com/crime-scene-medical-examiner-took-no-measurements-photos-brown-287074?piano_d=1 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125222538/http://www.newsweek.com/crime-scene-medical-examiner-took-no-measurements-photos-brown-287074 , archive-date=November 25, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Melissa , last=Block , title=Examining The Grand Jury Proceedings In The Michael Brown Case , date=November 17, 2014 , access-date=December 14, 2014 , work=NPR All Things Considered , url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-230644166.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329080952/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-230644166.html , url-status=dead , archive-date=March 29, 2015 , url-access=subscription , via=HighBeam Research

{{cite news , first=Eyder , last=Peralta , title=Ferguson Documents: What Michael Brown's Friend Saw , date=November 26, 2014 , access-date=November 27, 2014 , publisher=NPR , url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/26/366827836/ferguson-documents-what-michael-browns-friend-saw , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202161750/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/26/366827836/ferguson-documents-what-michael-browns-friend-saw , archive-date=December 2, 2014 , url-status=live

[transcript] {{cite news , first1=Elise , last1=Hu , first2=Renee , last2=Montagne , title=Ferguson Grand Jury Testimony Made Public , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 30, 2014 , work=NPR Morning Edition , url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-230793905.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329112138/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-230793905.html , url-status=dead , archive-date=March 29, 2015 , url-access=subscription , via=HighBeam Research

{{cite news , first=Bill , last=Chappell , title=Ferguson Police Release Name Of Officer Who Shot Michael Brown , date=August 15, 2014 , access-date=August 20, 2014 , publisher=NPR , url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/08/15/340594634/ferguson-police-release-name-of-officer-who-shot-michael-brown , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816153621/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/08/15/340594634/ferguson-police-release-name-of-officer-who-shot-michael-brown , archive-date=August 16, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Oren , last=Yaniv , title=Darren Wilson not indicted: Bombshell evidence, testimony laid out in fatal shooting of Michael Brown , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 21, 2014 , website=Daily News, location=New York , url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/bombshell-evidence-laid-death-michael-brown-article-1.2022689 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127220343/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/bombshell-evidence-laid-death-michael-brown-article-1.2022689 , archive-date=November 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Sasha , last=Goldstein , title=Supporters create fund-raising pages for Michael Brown's family, cop Darren Wilson after Ferguson shooting , date=August 21, 2014 , access-date=April 20, 2015 , website=Daily News, location=New York , url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/fundraising-pages-michael-brown-family-officer-darren-wilson-article-1.1912298 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222050859/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/fundraising-pages-michael-brown-family-officer-darren-wilson-article-1.1912298 , archive-date=February 22, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Jake , last=Halpern , title=The Cop , date=August 10, 2015 , access-date=August 11, 2015 , magazine=The New Yorker , url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/08/10/the-cop , quote=Wilson said that he had interviewed for a few police positions but had been told that he would be a liability., archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808173138/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/08/10/the-cop , archive-date=August 8, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Jeffrey , last=Toobin , title=How Not to Use a Grand Jury , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 20, 2014 , magazine=The New Yorker , url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/use-grand-jury , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220050210/http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/use-grand-jury , archive-date=December 20, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Joe , last=Coscarelli , title=Justice Department Not at All Pleased With Michael Brown Leaks , date=October 23, 2014 , access-date=October 24, 2014 , website=New York , url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/10/justice-dept-not-happy-with-michael-brown-leaks.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027175912/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/10/justice-dept-not-happy-with-michael-brown-leaks.html , archive-date=October 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Larry , last1=Celona , first2=Shawn , last2=Cohen , first3=Jamie , last3=Schram , first4=Amber , last4=Jamieson , first5=Laura , last5=Italiano , title=Gunman executes 2 NYPD cops in Garner 'revenge' , date=December 20, 2014 , access-date=April 11, 2015 , website=New York Post , url=https://nypost.com/2014/12/20/2-nypd-cops-shot-execution-style-in-brooklyn/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413014258/http://nypost.com/2014/12/20/2-nypd-cops-shot-execution-style-in-brooklyn/ , archive-date=April 13, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Joe , last=Tacopino , title=Darren Wilson on why he shot Michael Brown , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=November 26, 2014 , website=New York Post , url=https://nypost.com/2014/11/25/officer-darren-wilson-says-michael-brown-taunted-him/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125120636/http://nypost.com/2014/11/25/officer-darren-wilson-says-michael-brown-taunted-him/ , archive-date=November 25, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Monica , last=Davey , title=Fatal Encounter in Ferguson Took Less Than 90 Seconds, Police Communications Reveal , date=November 15, 2014 , access-date=November 16, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1sUMTLA

{{cite news , first1=Frances , last1=Robles , first2=Michael S. , last2=Schmidt , title=Shooting Accounts Differ as Holder Schedules Visit to Ferguson , date=August 19, 2014 , access-date=August 21, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1tfUisB

{{cite news , first=Robert , last=Mackey , title=Advice for Ferguson's Protesters From the Middle East , date=August 14, 2014 , access-date=August 22, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1t196vg

{{cite news , first1=Benjamin , last1=Mueller , first2=Al , last2=Baker , title=2 N.Y.P.D. Officers Killed in Brooklyn Ambush; Suspect Commits Suicide , date=December 20, 2014 , access-date=December 21, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1wPh9he

{{cite news , first=Monica , last=Davey , title=Audio and Witness Interviews Are Among Ferguson Records Released , date=December 8, 2014 , access-date=December 30, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1zlAMy4

{{cite news , first1=Frances , last1=Robles , first2=Julie , last2=Bosman , title=Autopsy Shows Michael Brown Was Struck at Least 6 Times , date=August 17, 2014 , access-date=August 21, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1oTnUWD

{{cite news , first1=Julie , last1=Bosman , first2=Joseph , last2=Goldstein , title=Timeline for a Body: 4 Hours in the Middle of a Ferguson Street , date=August 23, 2014 , access-date=December 13, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1mAexeT

{{cite news , first1=Erik , last1=Eckholm , first2=Matt , last2=Apuzzo , title=Darren Wilson Is Cleared of Rights Violations in Ferguson Shooting , date=March 4, 2015 , access-date=March 5, 2015 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1B1IGOD

{{cite news , title=Documents Released in the Ferguson Case , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 5, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/11/25/us/evidence-released-in-michael-brown-case.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205070832/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/11/25/us/evidence-released-in-michael-brown-case.html , archive-date=December 5, 2014 , url-status=live (Se
diagram
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129225026/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/11/24/ferguson-evidence/assets/ferguson/photos/2014-43984/photos-7/capture.png , date=November 29, 2014 an
legend
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129224843/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/11/24/ferguson-evidence/assets/ferguson/photos/2014-43984/photos-7/picture2.png , date=November 29, 2014 in second row from bottom.)

{{cite news , first1=Tanzina , last1=Vega , first2=Timothy , last2=Williams , first3=Erik , last3=Eckholm , title=Emotions Flare in Missouri Amid Police Statements , date=August 15, 2014 , access-date=August 21, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1m1CueQ

{{cite news , first=Monica , last=Davey , title=More Files Are Released in Shooting in Ferguson , date=December 13, 2014 , access-date=December 30, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1Gm6iyi

{{cite news , title=What Happened in Ferguson? , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 1, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/13/us/ferguson-missouri-town-under-siege-after-police-shooting.html, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129223812/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/13/us/ferguson-missouri-town-under-siege-after-police-shooting.html?_r=0 , archive-date=November 29, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Frances , last=Robles , title=St. Louis County Prosecutor Defends Objectivity , date=August 20, 2014 , access-date=September 18, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1AzzZJc

{{cite news , first=Matt , last=Apuzzo , title=Justice Department Finds Pattern of Police Bias and Excessive Force in Ferguson , date=March 3, 2015 , access-date=March 3, 2015 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1wS7CTu

{{cite news , first1=Michael S. , last1=Schmidt , first2=Matt , last2=Apuzzo , first3=Julie , last3=Bosman , title=Police Officer in Ferguson Is Said to Recount a Struggle , date=October 17, 2014 , access-date=October 18, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1qLDOoh

{{cite news , first1=Julie , last1=Bosman , first2=Campbell , last2=Robertson , first3=Erik , last3=Eckholm , first4=Richard A. , last4=Oppel Jr. , title=Amid Conflicting Accounts, Trusting Darren Wilson , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=November 26, 2014 , website=The New York Times , url=http://nyti.ms/1raDpBG

{{cite news , first=Mitch , last=Smith , date=March 11, 2017 , access-date=March 12, 2017 , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/11/us/michael-brown-ferguson-police-shooting-video.html , title=New Ferguson Video Adds Wrinkle to Michael Brown Case , work=The New York Times , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312060038/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/11/us/michael-brown-ferguson-police-shooting-video.html , archive-date=March 12, 2017 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Joshua , last=Barajas , title=What does Michael Brown's official autopsy report actually reveal? , date=October 23, 2014 , access-date=December 31, 2016 , website=PBS , url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/michael-browns-official-autopsy-report-actually-reveal/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102152009/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/michael-browns-official-autopsy-report-actually-reveal/ , archive-date=January 2, 2017 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=What the forensic evidence says about Michael Brown's death , date=October 23, 2014 , access-date=November 19, 2014 , website=PBS , url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/what-the-forensic-evidence-says-about-michael-browns-death/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117073026/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/what-the-forensic-evidence-says-about-michael-browns-death/ , archive-date=November 17, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=David A. , last1=Lieb , first2=Holbrook , last2=Mohr , title=Ferguson grand jury focused on 'tussle' seen before shooting , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 17, 2014 , website=Portland Press Herald , location=Portland, Maine , url=http://www.pressherald.com/2014/11/25/ferguson-grand-jury-focused-on-tussle-seen-before-shooting/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217041732/http://www.pressherald.com/2014/11/25/ferguson-grand-jury-focused-on-tussle-seen-before-shooting/ , archive-date=December 17, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=David , last=Edwards , title='Fanciful and not credible': CNN legal analyst destroys Darren Wilson's testimony , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 4, 2014 , website=Raw Story , url=http://www.rawstory.com/2014/11/fanciful-and-not-credible-cnn-legal-analyst-destroys-darren-wilsons-testimony/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126014400/http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2014/11/fanciful-and-not-credible-cnn-legal-analyst-destroys-darren-wilsons-testimony/ , archive-date=November 26, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Daniel , last1=Wallis , first2=Edward , last2=McAllister , title=Missouri officer in fatal shooting resigned without severance: mayor , date=December 1, 2014 , access-date=December 1, 2014 , work=Reuters , url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-missouri-shooting-idUSKCN0JE0VJ20141201 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201031250/https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/01/us-usa-missouri-shooting-idUSKCN0JE0VJ20141201 , archive-date=December 1, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news, url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-police-missouri-arrest-idUSKBN0MB0U920150316, author=Richard Valdmanis, date=March 16, 2015, work=Reuters, access-date=March 22, 2015, title=Suspect charged in shooting of police officers in Ferguson, Missouri, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326000820/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/16/us-usa-police-missouri-arrest-idUSKBN0MB0U920150316, archive-date=March 26, 2015, url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Jessica , last=Lussenhop , title=Why Police Haven't Interviewed Michael Brown Shooting Witness Dorian Johnson , date=August 12, 2014 , access-date=August 22, 2014 , website=Riverfront Times , url=http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2014/08/michael_brown_witness_dorian_johnson_why_police_have_not_interviewed_him.php , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814224859/http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2014/08/michael_brown_witness_dorian_johnson_why_police_have_not_interviewed_him.php , archive-date=August 14, 2014 , url-status=dead

{{cite web , first=Jessica , last=Lussenhop , title= Dorian Johnson vs. Ferguson , date=May 6, 2015 , access-date=May 9, 2015 , website=Scribd , url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/264430270/Dorian-Johnson-vs-Ferguson

{{cite news , title=Ferguson Grand-Jury Documents Reveal the Evidence It Reviewed , date=November 30, 2014 , access-date=December 30, 2014 , newspaper=The Seattle Times , url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-392107985.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329112136/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-392107985.html , url-status=dead , archive-date=March 29, 2015 , url-access=subscription , via=HighBeam Research

{{cite news , first=Nigel , last=Duara , title=Police, protesters collide again in Ferguson , date=August 18, 2014 , access-date=August 22, 2014 , website=The Seattle Times , agency=Associated Press , url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/police-protesters-collide-again-in-ferguson/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819153219/http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2024335008_apxpoliceshootingmissouri.html , archive-date=August 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , author=Staff and wire reports , title=Officer in Ferguson shooting has dropped from sight , date=August 21, 2014 , access-date=August 30, 2014 , website=Star-Telegram , url=http://www.star-telegram.com/news/local/article3870298.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822111650/http://www.star-telegram.com/2014/08/21/6059552/officer-in-ferguson-shooting-remains.html , archive-date=August 22, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Bridjes , last=O'Neil , title=STL County Police Chief claims struggle with gun lead to fatal shooting of Michael Brown , date=August 10, 2014 , access-date=August 22, 2014 , website=The St. Louis American , url=http://www.stlamerican.com/news/local_news/article_86cdc228-20c9-11e4-984c-001a4bcf887a.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813170428/http://www.stlamerican.com/news/local_news/article_86cdc228-20c9-11e4-984c-001a4bcf887a.html , archive-date=August 13, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Christine , last=Byers , title=Official autopsy shows Michael Brown had close-range wound to his hand, marijuana in system , date=October 22, 2014 , access-date=October 22, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/official-autopsy-shows-michael-brown-had-close-range-wound-to/article_e98a4ce0-c284-57c9-9882-3fb7df75fef6.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106224744/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/official-autopsy-shows-michael-brown-had-close-range-wound-to/article_e98a4ce0-c284-57c9-9882-3fb7df75fef6.html , archive-date=January 6, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Robert , last=Patrick , title=St. Louis federal judge dismisses several counts of Brown family lawsuit , date=July 14, 2015 , access-date=July 22, 2015 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/st-louis-federal-judge-dismisses-several-counts-of-brown-family/article_92b8118d-584e-5ce2-9ebb-41481fec8468.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229222701/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/st-louis-federal-judge-dismisses-several-counts-of-brown-family/article_92b8118d-584e-5ce2-9ebb-41481fec8468.html , archive-date=February 29, 2016 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Valerie Schremp , last=Hahn , title=Michael Brown wrongful death lawsuit removed to federal court , date=May 27, 2015 , access-date=July 22, 2015 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/michael-brown-wrongful-death-lawsuit-removed-to-federal-court/article_2a3ded57-22c8-5d70-a361-cb3e841c1e80.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315193234/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/michael-brown-wrongful-death-lawsuit-removed-to-federal-court/article_2a3ded57-22c8-5d70-a361-cb3e841c1e80.html , archive-date=March 15, 2017 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Nicholas J.C. , last1=Pistor , first2=Joe , last2=Holleman , title=St. Louis prosecutor has faced controversy for decades , date=August 16, 2014 , access-date=September 9, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/st-louis-prosecutor-has-faced-controversy-for-decades/article_cdd4c104-6086-506e-9ee8-aa957a31fee5.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820013604/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/st-louis-prosecutor-has-faced-controversy-for-decades/article_cdd4c104-6086-506e-9ee8-aa957a31fee5.html , archive-date=August 20, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Leah , last1=Thorsen , first2=Steve , last2=Giegerich , title=Ferguson Day One Wrapup: Officer kills Ferguson teen , date=August 10, 2014 , access-date=August 22, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/article_04e3885b-4131-5e49-b784-33cd3acbe7f1.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814151356/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/article_04e3885b-4131-5e49-b784-33cd3acbe7f1.html , archive-date=August 14, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , author=Staff reports , title=Private autopsy says Brown shot 6 times; Holder orders third autopsy , date=August 18, 2014 , access-date=August 22, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/holder-orders-third-autopsy-of-michael-brown/article_e27c90b4-8fc9-5118-8f4b-ae98a9d0f552.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305230628/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/holder-orders-third-autopsy-of-michael-brown/article_e27c90b4-8fc9-5118-8f4b-ae98a9d0f552.html , archive-date=March 5, 2019 , url-status=live

{{cite news , author=Staff reports , title=Day Six, Day: The Rev. Jesse Jackson shows up at protest site as Brown family calls for calm , date=August 15, 2014 , access-date=December 21, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/ferguson-officer-stopped-michael-brown-for-walking-in-street-but/article_52c40b84-ad90-5f9a-973c-70d628d0be04.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104042858/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/ferguson-officer-stopped-michael-brown-for-walking-in-street-but/article_52c40b84-ad90-5f9a-973c-70d628d0be04.html , archive-date=January 4, 2017 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Valerie Schremp , last=Hahn , title=Dorian Johnson lawsuit against Ferguson and police to be handled in federal court , date=May 27, 2015 , access-date=July 22, 2015 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/dorian-johnson-lawsuit-against-ferguson-and-police-to-be-handled/article_a4718668-c235-5e7c-8b7b-80e1b7db225a.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618014656/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/dorian-johnson-lawsuit-against-ferguson-and-police-to-be-handled/article_a4718668-c235-5e7c-8b7b-80e1b7db225a.html , archive-date=June 18, 2017 , url-status=live

{{cite news , author=Staff reports , title=Grand jury in Michael Brown case: 3 black members, 9 white , date=August 22, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/grand-jury-in-michael-brown-case-black-members-white/article_6bbba56c-e28a-53d0-8b85-b20c36810fbd.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824193020/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/grand-jury-in-michael-brown-case-black-members-white/article_6bbba56c-e28a-53d0-8b85-b20c36810fbd.html , archive-date=August 24, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Dorian Johnson Lawsuit Against Ferguson, Wilson , date=May 5, 2015 , access-date=May 7, 2015 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/dorian-johnson-lawsuit-against-ferguson-wilson/pdf_348336ba-5607-5fff-ab6b-0604c299ae3c.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402103322/http://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/dorian-johnson-lawsuit-against-ferguson-wilson/pdf_348336ba-5607-5fff-ab6b-0604c299ae3c.html , archive-date=April 2, 2016 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=David , last1=Hunn , first2=Kim , last2=Bell , title=Why was Michael Brown's body left there for hours? , date=September 14, 2014 , access-date=November 30, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/why-was-michael-brown-s-body-left-there-for-hours/article_0b73ec58-c6a1-516e-882f-74d18a4246e0.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014224410/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/why-was-michael-brown-s-body-left-there-for-hours/article_0b73ec58-c6a1-516e-882f-74d18a4246e0.html , archive-date=October 14, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Tom , last1=Borgman , first2=Chris , last2=Spurlock , title=Map: The Michael Brown shooting scene , date=November 26, 2014 , access-date=December 8, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/map-the-michael-brown-shooting-scene/html_0c861d0f-9a56-5769-8c16-d4b137af96e1.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219010601/http://www.stltoday.com/map-the-michael-brown-shooting-scene/html_0c861d0f-9a56-5769-8c16-d4b137af96e1.html , archive-date=February 19, 2017 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Stephen , last=Deere , title=Did Ferguson police chief mislead public about robbery video? , date=September 5, 2014 , access-date=September 26, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/did-ferguson-police-chief-mislead-public-about-robbery-video/article_f5ed9c93-8d40-5585-8f6d-a7767db8ae67.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007211127/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/did-ferguson-police-chief-mislead-public-about-robbery-video/article_f5ed9c93-8d40-5585-8f6d-a7767db8ae67.html , archive-date=October 7, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Michael D. , last=Sorkin , title=20,000 sign petitions seeking special prosecutor in Michael Brown shooting , date=August 17, 2014 , access-date=September 19, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/sign-petitions-seeking-special-prosecutor-in-michael-brown-shooting/article_d0cc6e7f-8b32-5153-8ab4-86ebdc4659ca.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820020050/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/sign-petitions-seeking-special-prosecutor-in-michael-brown-shooting/article_d0cc6e7f-8b32-5153-8ab4-86ebdc4659ca.html , archive-date=August 20, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Robert , last=Patrick , title=Darren Wilson's radio calls show fatal encounter was brief , date=November 14, 2014 , access-date=November 15, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/special/darren-wilson-s-radio-calls-show-fatal-encounter-was-brief/html_79c17aed-0dbe-514d-ba32-bad908056790.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525043406/http://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/special/darren-wilson-s-radio-calls-show-fatal-encounter-was-brief/html_79c17aed-0dbe-514d-ba32-bad908056790.html , archive-date=May 25, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Kevin , last=McDermott , title=Jay Nixon won't remove Robert McCulloch as Brown case goes to grand jury , date=August 19, 2014 , access-date=December 30, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/jay-nixon-won-t-remove-robert-mcculloch-as-brown-case/article_875a5af0-226f-56a2-84ee-1a0dd878ea2c.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821075708/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/jay-nixon-won-t-remove-robert-mcculloch-as-brown-case/article_875a5af0-226f-56a2-84ee-1a0dd878ea2c.html , archive-date=August 21, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Paul , last=Hampel , title=African-American lawyers association seeks revocation of Darren Wilson's police officer license , date=December 8, 2014 , access-date=December 8, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/national-lawyers-association-seeks-revocation-of-darren-wilson-s-peace/article_524dde5b-d5cb-5794-8a77-269f03f60382.html

{{cite news , author=Staff reports , title=From the documents: Tidbits from the grand jury testimony , date=November 30, 2014 , access-date=December 16, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/from-the-documents-tidbits-from-the-grand-jury-testimony/article_16e49f70-608e-5142-9b92-a6883104f95f.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115060641/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/from-the-documents-tidbits-from-the-grand-jury-testimony/article_16e49f70-608e-5142-9b92-a6883104f95f.html , archive-date=November 15, 2016 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Christine , last=Byers , title=Witness adds new perspective to Ferguson shooting , date=October 16, 2014 , access-date=October 16, 2014 , website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch , url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/witness-adds-new-perspective-to-ferguson-shooting/article_ab6e1e03-c49a-5c7f-8786-b0e88ec79349.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417085643/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/witness-adds-new-perspective-to-ferguson-shooting/article_ab6e1e03-c49a-5c7f-8786-b0e88ec79349.html , archive-date=April 17, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Charlotte , last=Alter , title=3 Key Takeaways From Amnesty International's Ferguson Report , date=October 24, 2014 , access-date=October 25, 2014 , magazine=Time , url=http://time.com/3535101/ferguson-amnesty-international-report-michael-brown/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024071126/http://time.com/3535101/ferguson-amnesty-international-report-michael-brown/ , archive-date=October 24, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Denver , last=Nicks , title=Shootings by Police Voted Top Story of 2014 in AP Poll , date=December 22, 2014 , access-date=December 22, 2014 , magazine=Time , url=http://time.com/3643962/police-killings-top-story-ap-poll/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222162515/http://time.com/3643962/police-killings-top-story-ap-poll/ , archive-date=December 22, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Alex , last=Altman , title=What the Ferguson Leaks Tell Us About Michael Brown's Death , date=October 23, 2014 , access-date=December 30, 2014 , magazine=Time , url=http://time.com/3534140/ferguson-michael-brown-grand-jury-leaks-investigation/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127164741/http://time.com/3534140/ferguson-michael-brown-grand-jury-leaks-investigation/ , archive-date=November 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Rand , last=Paul , title=Rand Paul: We Must Demilitarize the Police , date=August 14, 2014 , access-date=August 22, 2014 , magazine=Time , url=http://time.com/3111474/rand-paul-ferguson-police/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815123942/http://time.com/3111474/rand-paul-ferguson-police/ , archive-date=August 15, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Charlotte , last=Alter , title=St. Louis Cops Condemn Rams' 'Hands Up, Don't Shoot' Gesture , date=December 1, 2014 , access-date=December 2, 2014 , magazine=Time , url=http://time.com/3611556/st-louis-cops-rams-hands-up-dont-shoot-nfl-ferguson/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204120831/http://time.com/3611556/st-louis-cops-rams-hands-up-dont-shoot-nfl-ferguson/ , archive-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Alex , last=Altman , title=There's Very Little in the Michael Brown Shooting Incident Report , date=August 22, 2014 , access-date=December 15, 2014 , magazine=Time , url=http://time.com/3159680/ferguson-michael-brown-shooting-police-report/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202164855/http://time.com/3159680/ferguson-michael-brown-shooting-police-report/ , archive-date=December 2, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=David , last=Von Drehle , author-link= David Von Drehle , title=The Long, Tangled Roots of the Michael Brown Shooting , date=August 12, 2014 , access-date=August 22, 2014 , magazine=Time , url=http://time.com/3104128/michael-brown-ferguson-cop-shooting-protests/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821175540/http://time.com/3104128/michael-brown-ferguson-cop-shooting-protests/ , archive-date=August 21, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Jay Sterling , last=Silver , title=Silver: A hopeless conflict of interests , date=December 6, 2014 , access-date=December 7, 2014 , website=Richmond Times-Dispatch , url=http://www.timesdispatch.com/opinion/their-opinion/columnists-blogs/guest-columnists/silver-a-hopeless-conflict-of-interests/article_474455e3-44c5-5d03-b987-f95ea6abb6bd.html , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://archive.today/20141207015331/http://www.timesdispatch.com/opinion/their-opinion/columnists-blogs/guest-columnists/silver-a-hopeless-conflict-of-interests/article_474455e3-44c5-5d03-b987-f95ea6abb6bd.html , archive-date=December 7, 2014

{{cite news , first1=Marisol , last1=Bello , first2=Greg , last2=Toppo , first3=Peter , last3=Eisler , title=Grand jury charges are easy, except against police , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=November 26, 2014 , website=USA Today , url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/11/25/ferguson-grand-jury/70098616/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126020018/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/11/25/ferguson-grand-jury/70098616/ , archive-date=November 26, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Yamiche , last1=Alcindor , first2=Marisol , last2=Bello , first3=Aamer , last3=Madhani , title=Chief: Officer noticed Brown carrying suspected stolen cigars , date=August 15, 2014 , access-date=August 23, 2014 , website=USA Today , url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/usanow/2014/08/15/ferguson-missouri-police-michael-brown-shooting/14098369/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824101638/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/usanow/2014/08/15/ferguson-missouri-police-michael-brown-shooting/14098369/ , archive-date=August 24, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Yamiche , last1=Alcindor , first2=Marisol , last2=Bello , title=Police in Ferguson ignite debate about military tactics , date=August 19, 2014 , access-date=August 23, 2014 , website=USA Today , url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/14/ferguson-militarized-police/14064675/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819115642/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/14/ferguson-militarized-police/14064675/ , archive-date=August 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Yamiche , last=Alcindor , title=Brown family's pathologist wants to testify , date=October 30, 2014 , access-date=November 19, 2014 , website=USA Today , url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/29/browns-family-pathologist-questions-leaked-autopsy/18154107/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117173055/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/29/browns-family-pathologist-questions-leaked-autopsy/18154107/ , archive-date=November 17, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Rick , last=Jervis , title=St. Louis Peace Fest focuses on Michael Brown's death , date=August 24, 2014 , access-date=February 22, 2015 , website=USA Today , url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/24/peace-fest-michael-brown/14546371/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126170432/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/24/peace-fest-michael-brown/14546371/ , archive-date=November 26, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Kevin , last1=Johnson , first2=Yamiche , last2=Alcindor , title=Probe finds insufficient evidence to charge Darren Wilson , date=January 22, 2015 , access-date=January 23, 2015 , website=USA Today , url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/01/21/michael-brown-darren-wilson-shooting-charges/22127989/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123031254/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/01/21/michael-brown-darren-wilson-shooting-charges/22127989/ , archive-date=January 23, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Farrah , last=Fazal , title=Witness to Michael Brown shooting comes forward , date=August 13, 2014 , access-date=August 23, 2014 , website=USA Today , url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/13/ferguson-missouri-teen-shooting-witness/13992387/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817202400/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/13/ferguson-missouri-teen-shooting-witness/13992387/ , archive-date=August 17, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Nick , last=Wright , title='Hands Up, Don't Shoot' Is Bigger than Ferguson and Bigger than the Rams , date=December 2, 2014 , access-date=December 4, 2014 , website=VICE Sports , url=https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/hands-up-dont-shoot-is-bigger-than-ferguson-and-bigger-than-the-rams , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202182845/https://sports.vice.com/article/hands-up-dont-shoot-is-bigger-than-ferguson-and-bigger-than-the-rams , archive-date=December 2, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Obama Wants More Police Funding After Ferguson Unrest , date=December 1, 2014 , access-date=December 2, 2014 , website=VOA News , url=http://www.voanews.com/content/president-obama-to-hold-white-house-meetings-about-ferguson/2540926.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202155236/http://www.voanews.com/content/president-obama-to-hold-white-house-meetings-about-ferguson/2540926.html , archive-date=December 2, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Amanda , last=Taub , title=40 FBI agents are in Ferguson to investigate the shooting of Michael Brown , date=August 16, 2014 , access-date=August 23, 2014 , website=Vox , url=https://www.vox.com/2014/8/16/6024539/federal-investigation-begins-40-fbi-agents-arrive-in-ferguson-michael-brown , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085023/http://www.vox.com/2014/8/16/6024539/federal-investigation-begins-40-fbi-agents-arrive-in-ferguson-michael-brown , archive-date=August 19, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Dan , last=Keating , title=Acoustic experts detail purported Ferguson shooting , date=September 2, 2014 , access-date=September 8, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/02/acoustic-experts-detail-purported-ferguson-shooting/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907200152/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/02/acoustic-experts-detail-purported-ferguson-shooting/ , archive-date=September 7, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Peter , last=Holley , title=Two New York City police officers are shot and killed in a brazen ambush in Brooklyn , date=December 20, 2014 , access-date=December 21, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/two-new-york-city-police-officers-are-shot-and-killed-in-a-brazen-ambush-in-brooklyn/2014/12/20/2a73f7ae-8898-11e4-9534-f79a23c40e6c_story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221064504/http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/two-new-york-city-police-officers-are-shot-and-killed-in-a-brazen-ambush-in-brooklyn/2014/12/20/2a73f7ae-8898-11e4-9534-f79a23c40e6c_story.html , archive-date=December 21, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Erik , last=Wemple , title=CNN commentators doubt CNN Ferguson audio scoop , date=August 27, 2014 , access-date=August 28, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2014/08/27/cnn-commentators-doubt-cnn-ferguson-audio-scoop/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827231744/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2014/08/27/cnn-commentators-doubt-cnn-ferguson-audio-scoop/ , archive-date=August 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Justin , last=Moyer , title=Autopsy: Michael Brown shot six times, twice in the head , date=August 18, 2014 , access-date=August 23, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/08/18/autopsy-michael-brown-shot-six-times-twice-in-the-head/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822041041/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/08/18/autopsy-michael-brown-shot-six-times-twice-in-the-head/ , archive-date=August 22, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Alberto , last1=Cuadra , first2=Lazaro , last2=Gamio , first3=Kimbriell , last3=Kelly , first4=Scott , last4=Higham , title=Chaos in a police vehicle , date=December 6, 2014 , access-date=December 15, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/ferguson-reconstruction/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215233443/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/ferguson-reconstruction/ , archive-date=December 15, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Laris , last1=Karklis , first2=Emily , last2=Chow , title=What Ferguson police collected at the scene , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 4, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/ferguson-diagram-of-the-scene/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205042741/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/ferguson-diagram-of-the-scene/ , archive-date=December 5, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Emily , last1=Wax-Thibodeaux , first2=Wesley , last2=Lowery , first3=Mark , last3=Berman , title=County investigation: Michael Brown was shot from the front, had marijuana in his system , date=August 18, 2014 , access-date=August 24, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/18/county-investigation-michael-brown-was-shot-from-the-front-had-marijuana-in-his-system/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820144951/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/18/county-investigation-michael-brown-was-shot-from-the-front-had-marijuana-in-his-system/ , archive-date=August 20, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Wesley , last1=Lowery , first2=Todd C. , last2=Frankel , title=Mike Brown notched a hard-fought victory just days before he was shot: A diploma , date=August 12, 2014 , access-date=August 24, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/mike-brown-notched-a-hard-fought-victory-just-days-before-he-was-shot-a-diploma/2014/08/12/574d65e6-2257-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823122527/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/mike-brown-notched-a-hard-fought-victory-just-days-before-he-was-shot-a-diploma/2014/08/12/574d65e6-2257-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html , archive-date=August 23, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Carol D. , last1=Leonnig , first2=Kimberly , last2=Kindy , first3=Joel , last3=Achenbach , title=Darren Wilson's first job was on a troubled police force disbanded by authorities , date=August 23, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/darren-wilsons-first-job-was-on-a-troubled-police-force-disbanded-by-authorities/2014/08/23/1ac796f0-2a45-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825233900/http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/darren-wilsons-first-job-was-on-a-troubled-police-force-disbanded-by-authorities/2014/08/23/1ac796f0-2a45-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html , archive-date=August 25, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Wesley , last1=Lowery , first2=Carol D. , last2=Leonnig , first3=Mark , last3=Berman , title=Even before Michael Brown's slaying in Ferguson, racial questions hung over police , date=August 13, 2014 , access-date=August 24, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/even-before-teen-michael-browns-slaying-in-mo-racial-questions-have-hung-over-police/2014/08/13/78b3c5c6-2307-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107061021/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/even-before-teen-michael-browns-slaying-in-mo-racial-questions-have-hung-over-police/2014/08/13/78b3c5c6-2307-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html , archive-date=January 7, 2016 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Paul , last=Cassell , title=The Michael Brown grand jury process was fair , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 17, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/11/25/the-michael-brown-grand-jury-process-was-fair/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217105112/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/11/25/the-michael-brown-grand-jury-process-was-fair/ , archive-date=December 17, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Mark , last=Berman , title=FBI opens investigation into shooting of Michael Brown , date=August 11, 2014 , access-date=August 24, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/11/fbi-opens-investigation-into-shooting-of-michael-brown/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812112527/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/11/fbi-opens-investigation-into-shooting-of-michael-brown/ , archive-date=August 12, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Wesley , last1=Lowery , first2=Darryl , last2=Fears , title=Michael Brown and Dorian Johnson, the friend who witnessed his shooting , date=August 31, 2014 , access-date=September 5, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-brown-and-dorian-johnson-the-friend-who-witnessed-his-shooting/2014/08/31/bb9b47ba-2ee2-11e4-9b98-848790384093_story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904174538/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-brown-and-dorian-johnson-the-friend-who-witnessed-his-shooting/2014/08/31/bb9b47ba-2ee2-11e4-9b98-848790384093_story.html , archive-date=September 4, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Michelle Ye Hee , last=Lee , date=March 19, 2015 , access-date=April 28, 2015 , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2015/03/19/hands-up-dont-shoot-did-not-happen-in-ferguson/ , title='Hands up, don't shoot' did not happen in Ferguson , newspaper=The Washington Post , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510021238/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2015/03/19/hands-up-dont-shoot-did-not-happen-in-ferguson/ , archive-date=May 10, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Sandhya , last1=Somashekhar , first2=Steven , last2=Rich , first3=Amy , last3=Brittain , title=Inconsistency the only constant with evidence in Michael Brown case , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=April 27, 2015 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inconsistency-the-only-constant-with-evidence-in-michael-brown-case/2014/11/25/6e3bc702-7450-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514152050/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inconsistency-the-only-constant-with-evidence-in-michael-brown-case/2014/11/25/6e3bc702-7450-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html , archive-date=May 14, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Thomas , last=Gibbons-Neff , title=Military veterans see deeply flawed police response in Ferguson , date=August 14, 2014 , access-date=August 24, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/08/14/military-veterans-see-deeply-flawed-police-response-in-ferguson/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815130837/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/08/14/military-veterans-see-deeply-flawed-police-response-in-ferguson/ , archive-date=August 15, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Kimberly , last=Kindy , title=Q&A with Robert McCulloch: 'Some people regardless of the outcome...will not be happy' , date=September 25, 2014 , access-date=December 25, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/25/qa-st-louis-county-prosecutor-bob-mcculloch-on-the-grand-jury-considering-the-ferguson-shooting/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227064224/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/25/qa-st-louis-county-prosecutor-bob-mcculloch-on-the-grand-jury-considering-the-ferguson-shooting/ , archive-date=December 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Dan , last1=Balz , first2=Scott , last2=Clement , title=Divide over Police Is Also Partisan , date=December 28, 2014 , access-date=December 30, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-37524081.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329112210/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-37524081.html , url-status=dead , archive-date=March 29, 2015 , url-access=subscription , via=HighBeam Research

{{cite news , first=Mark , last=Berman , title=The New Yorker cover on Martin Luther King Jr. connects Selma and Ferguson , date=January 16, 2015 , access-date=January 20, 2015 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/01/16/the-new-yorker-cover-on-martin-luther-king-jr-connects-selma-and-ferguson/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120174550/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/01/16/the-new-yorker-cover-on-martin-luther-king-jr-connects-selma-and-ferguson/ , archive-date=January 20, 2015 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Mark , last1=Berman , first2=Wesley , last2=Lowery , title=Ferguson police say Michael Brown was a robbery suspect, identify Darren Wilson as officer who shot him , date=August 15, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/15/ferguson-police-releasing-name-of-officer-who-shot-michael-brown/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825143006/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/15/ferguson-police-releasing-name-of-officer-who-shot-michael-brown/ , archive-date=August 25, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Manuel , last1=Roig-Franzia , first2=DeNeen L. , last2=Brown , first3=Wesley , last3=Lowery , title=In Ferguson, three minutes — and two lives forever changed , date=August 16, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-ferguson-three-minutes--and-two-lives-forever-changed/2014/08/16/f28f5bc0-2588-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825194512/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-ferguson-three-minutes--and-two-lives-forever-changed/2014/08/16/f28f5bc0-2588-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html , archive-date=August 25, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Jerry , last1=Markon , first2=Tom , last2=Hamburger , title=Unorthodox police procedures emerge in grand jury documents , date=November 25, 2014 , access-date=December 16, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/seemingly-unorthodox-police-procedures-emerge-in-grand-jury-documents/2014/11/25/48152574-74e0-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217034335/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/seemingly-unorthodox-police-procedures-emerge-in-grand-jury-documents/2014/11/25/48152574-74e0-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html , archive-date=December 17, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Nia-Malika , last=Henderson , title=White House officials to attend Michael Brown's funeral , date=August 23, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/23/white-house-officials-to-attend-michael-browns-funeral , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826082616/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/23/white-house-officials-to-attend-michael-browns-funeral/ , archive-date=August 26, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Adam , last1=Taylor , first2=Rick , last2=Noack , title=How the rest of the world sees Ferguson , date=August 18, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , newspaper=The Washington Post , url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/08/18/how-the-rest-of-the-world-sees-ferguson/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825193739/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/08/18/how-the-rest-of-the-world-sees-ferguson/ , archive-date=August 25, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Shannon , last=O'Brien , title=Shawn Parcells' credentials, role in Michael Brown autopsy questioned by doctors , date=August 19, 2014 , access-date=November 18, 2014 , publisher=WDAF , location=Kansas City, Missouri , url=http://fox4kc.com/2014/08/19/shawn-parcells-credentials-role-in-michael-brown-autopsy-questioned-by-doctors/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022120512/http://fox4kc.com/2014/08/19/shawn-parcells-credentials-role-in-michael-brown-autopsy-questioned-by-doctors/ , archive-date=October 22, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Online fundraisers for both officer and Michael Brown's family surpass $100,000 each , date=August 21, 2014 , access-date=April 20, 2015 , publisher=WJLA , location=Washington, D.C. , url=http://www.wjla.com/articles/2014/08/online-campaign-supporting-officer-who-shot-michael-brown-surpasses-100-000-in-donations-106322.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827195814/http://www.wjla.com/articles/2014/08/online-campaign-supporting-officer-who-shot-michael-brown-surpasses-100-000-in-donations-106322.html , archive-date=August 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Ferguson witnesses admit they lied to grand jury , date=December 16, 2014 , access-date=April 27, 2015 , publisher=WJLA , location=Washington, D.C. , url=http://www.wjla.com/articles/2014/12/ferguson-witnesses-admit-they-lied-to-grand-jury-109852.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227180646/http://www.wjla.com/articles/2014/12/ferguson-witnesses-admit-they-lied-to-grand-jury-109852.html , archive-date=December 27, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , title=Ferguson Grand Jury Transcripts Show Widely Varying Witness Testimony , date=n.d. , access-date=December 16, 2014 , website=The Wall Street Journal , url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ferguson-grand-jury-transcripts-show-widely-varying-witness-testimony-1416948406 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218080229/http://www.wsj.com/articles/ferguson-grand-jury-transcripts-show-widely-varying-witness-testimony-1416948406 , archive-date=December 18, 2014 , url-status=live , url-access=subscription

{{cite news , first=Alan Scher , last=Zagier , title=Missouri crowd after shooting: 'Kill the police' , date=August 10, 2014 , access-date=August 26, 2014 , publisher=Yahoo! News , url=https://news.yahoo.com/missouri-crowd-shooting-kill-police-230624269.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812202107/http://news.yahoo.com/missouri-crowd-shooting-kill-police-230624269.html , archive-date=August 12, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first1=Holbrook , last1=Mohr , first2=David A. , last2=Lieb , title=Feds: Evidence Backs Ferguson Officer's Account in Shooting , date=March 4, 2015 , access-date=March 9, 2015 , website=Yahoo! News , agency=Associated Press , url=https://news.yahoo.com/feds-evidence-backs-ferguson-officers-account-shooting-204518582.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307043844/http://news.yahoo.com/feds-evidence-backs-ferguson-officers-account-shooting-204518582.html , archive-date=March 7, 2015

{{cite news , first=Jason , last=Sickles , title=Key report in Michael Brown shooting doesn't exist, Ferguson police say , date=September 25, 2014 , access-date=September 27, 2014 , publisher=Yahoo! News , url=https://news.yahoo.com/ferguson-police-internal-record-on-controversial-shooting-of-michael-brown-doesnt-exist-001401818.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928180543/http://news.yahoo.com/ferguson-police-internal-record-on-controversial-shooting-of-michael-brown-doesnt-exist-001401818.html , archive-date=September 28, 2014 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=and Toppo, Greg , last=Coleman, Christina , title=Ferguson police chief issues apology to Brown family , date=September 25, 2014 , access-date=May 12, 2018 , publisher=USA Today , url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/25/michael-brown-case/16199575/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513155810/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/25/michael-brown-case/16199575/ , archive-date=May 13, 2018 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Miles , last=Parks , title=Ferguson, Mo., Police Chief Resigns Following Justice Department Report , date=March 11, 2015 , access-date=May 12, 2018 , publisher=National Public Radio , url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/03/11/392381084/ferguson-mo-police-chief-resigns-following-justice-department-report , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513153026/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/03/11/392381084/ferguson-mo-police-chief-resigns-following-justice-department-report , archive-date=May 13, 2018 , url-status=live

{{cite news , first=Brandon E. , last=Patterson , title=Michael Brown's Mother Is Considering a Run for Ferguson City Council , date=April 24, 2018 , access-date=May 13, 2018 , publisher=Mother Jones and the Foundation for National Progress , url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/04/michael-browns-mother-is-considering-a-run-for-ferguson-city-council/ , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513223746/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/04/michael-browns-mother-is-considering-a-run-for-ferguson-city-council/ , archive-date=May 13, 2018 , url-status=live

External links

{{Commons category, Shooting of Michael Brown{{Wikisource, 1=Department of Justice Report Regarding the Criminal Investigation into the Shooting Death of Michael Brown by Ferguson, Missouri Police Officer Darren Wilson

Surveillance video that police contend shows Michael Brown robbing a convenience store.

Police Department incident report of contemporaneous convenience store robbery

Chief of Ferguson Police Press Conference August 15, 2014





Video of statement at end of grand jury along with press conference
an




Michael Brown's family's civil lawsuit against Ferguson

{{2014 Ferguson unrest
{{Black Lives Matter
{{Authority control

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brown, Michael
Shooting of Michael Brown,
2014 controversies in the United States
2014 in Missouri
African-American history of Missouri
African-American-related controversies
August 2014 events in the United States
Civil rights protests in the United States
Crimes in Missouri
Deaths by firearm in Missouri
Deaths by person in Missouri
Defensive gun use
Ferguson, Missouri
History of African-American civil rights
History of St. Louis County, Missouri
Law enforcement controversies in the United States
Law enforcement in Missouri
Mass media-related controversies in the United States
Race and crime in the United States
Self-defense