Shihāb al-Dīn Abu ’l-Abbās Aḥmad ibn Abi ’l-ʿAlāʾ Idrīs ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yallīn al-Ṣanhājī al-Ṣaʿīdī al-Bahfashīmī al-Būshī al-Bahnasī al-Miṣrī al-Mālikī () (also known as simply known as Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī or al-Qarāfī, 1228–1285), was a

Maliki The ( ar, مَالِكِي) school is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the Quran and hadiths as prima ...

jurist and legal theoretician of

Sanhaja The Sanhaja ( ber, Aẓnag, pl. Iẓnagen, and also Aẓnaj, pl. Iẓnajen; ar, صنهاجة, ''Ṣanhaja'' or زناگة ''Znaga'') were once one of the largest Berber tribal confederations, along with the Zanata and Masmuda confederations. Man ...

Berber Berber or Berbers may refer to: Ethnic group * Berbers, an ethnic group native to Northern Africa * Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages Places * Berber, Sudan, a town on the Nile People with the surname * Ady Berber (1913–19 ...

origin who lived in

Ayyubid The Ayyubid dynasty ( ar, الأيوبيون '; ) was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish origin, Saladin ...

and

Mamluk Egypt The Mamluk Sultanate ( ar, سلطنة المماليك, translit=Salṭanat al-Mamālīk), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz (western Arabia) from the mid-13th to early 16th ...

Biography

He was born in Bahfashīm, a village in the province of Bahnasa in 1228. This village belonged to the district of Būsh, a town just a few miles to the north of Beni Suef. He apparently grew up in al-Qarafa in Old Cairo, whence his sobriquet of al-Qarafi. Of Berber origin, from the

tribe. He is considered by many to be the greatest Maliki legal theoretician of the 13th century; his writings and influence on

Islamic Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the ma ...

legal theory (''uṣūl al-fiqh'') spread throughout the Muslim world. His insistence on the limits of law underscores the importance of non-legal (not to be confused with illegal) considerations in determining the proper course of action, with significant implications for legal reform in the modern Islamic world. His views on the common good (''

maslahah Maslaha or maslahah ( ar, مصلحة, lit=public interest) is a concept in shari'ah ( Islamic divine law) regarded as a basis of law.I. Doi, Abdul Rahman. (1995). "Mașlahah". In John L. Esposito. ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic Wo ...

'') and custom provide means to accommodate the space-time differential between modern and premodern realities.

Works

The most important of his many works are ''Al-dhakhirah'' (The Stored Treasure), ''Al-furuq'' (Differences), ''Nafais al usul'' (Gems of Legal Theory), and ''Kitab al-ihkam fi tamyiz al-fatawa an al-ahkam wa tasarrufat al-qadi wal-imam'' (The Book of Perfecting the Distinction Between Legal Opinions, Judicial Decisions, and the Discretionary Actions of the Judge and the Caliph). His work ''Al-dhakhirah'' is one of the most important works in the

madhhab, spanning several volumes, where the imam explains

fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and e ...

with evidences from

usul al-fiqh Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, also known as ''uṣūl al-fiqh'' ( ar, أصول الفقه, lit. roots of fiqh), are traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence (''fiqh'') for deriving the rulings of Islamic law (''s ...

in detail and has a strong personality in the way he presents the school.

References

Bibliography

*Aydin M. Sayili, "Al Qarafi and His Explanation of the Rainbow," ''Isis'', Vol. 32 (Jul. 1940): 16-26. *Diego R. Sarrió Cucarella, ''Muslim-Christian Polemics Across the Mediterranean: The'' Splendid Replies ''of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī (d. 684/1285)''. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2015. *Diego R. Sarrió Cucarella, “Se battre pour la cause de Dieu : vice ou vertu ? Vues de Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī (d. 1285)”, '' Islamochristiana'' 41 (2015): 95-107. *Sherman A. Jackson, ''Islamic Law and the State: The Constitutional Jurisprudence of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī'', Leiden: Brill, 1996. {{DEFAULTSORT:Shihab Al-Din Al-Qarafi 1228 births 1285 deaths 13th-century Berber people Asharis Berber Egyptians Berber scholars Egyptian Maliki scholars Sanhaja 13th-century Muslim scholars of Islam 13th-century jurists Critics of Christianity

Biography

Works

See also

References

Bibliography