The Serbian Cross ( sr, Cрпски крст / Srpski krst) is a national symbol of Serbia, part of the

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its ...

and

flag of Serbia The flag of Serbia ( sr, Застава Србије, Zastava Srbije), also known as the Tricolour ( sr, тробојка, ''trobojka''), is a tricolour consisting of three equal horizontal bands, red on the top, blue in the middle, and white o ...

, and of the Serbian Orthodox Church. It is based on the tetragrammic cross emblem/flag of the

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

Palaiologos dynasty The House of Palaiologos ( Palaiologoi; grc-gre, Παλαιολόγος, pl. , female version Palaiologina; grc-gre, Παλαιολογίνα), also found in English-language literature as Palaeologus or Palaeologue, was a Byzantine Greek ...

, with the difference that in

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungar ...

n use the cross is usually white on a red background, rather than gold on a red background (though it can be depicted in gold as well). It is composed of a

cross symbol A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two intersecting lines or bars, usually perpendicular to each other. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally. A cross of oblique lines, in the shape of the Latin letter X, is termed a sa ...

with four "

fire striker A fire striker is a piece of carbon steel from which sparks are struck by the sharp edge of flint, chert or similar rock. It is a specific tool used in fire making. History In early times, percussion fire making was often used to start fire ...

" shapes, originally four

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

letters beta ( Β). Serbian tradition attributes the letters to

Saint Sava Saint Sava ( sr, Свети Сава, Sveti Sava, ; Old Church Slavonic: ; gr, Άγιος Σάββας; 1169 or 1174 – 14 January 1236), known as the Enlightener, was a Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalou ...

, the 13th-century Metropolitan of Žiča and Archbishop of the Serbs. Popular tradition also interprets the four "fire striker" shapes as four Cyrillic letters " S" ( С), for the motto ''Samo sloga Srbina spasava'' ( sr-Cyrl, Само слога Србина спасава, meaning "

Only Unity Saves the Serbs Only Unity Saves the Serbs ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Само слога Србина спасава, Samo sloga Srbina spasava) is a popular motto and slogan in Serbia and among Serbs, often used as a rallying call against foreign domination and during times ...

"). The

double-headed eagle In heraldry and vexillology, the double-headed eagle (or double-eagle) is a charge associated with the concept of Empire. Most modern uses of the symbol are directly or indirectly associated with its use by the late Byzantine Empire, origina ...

and the cross are the main heraldic symbols which have represented the national identity of the

Serb people The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language. The majority of Serbs live in their na ...

across the centuries.

History

Middle Ages

Crosses with firesteels have been used since Roman times, as symbols, but not as coats of arms or emblems. Some historians connect it with the '' labarum'', the Imperial flag of

Constantine the Great Constantine I ( , ; la, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, ; ; 27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337, the first one to convert to Christianity. Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterran ...

(r. 306–337). In the 6th century the cross with four fields (with either letters or heraldry) appear on Byzantine coins. The symbol was adopted by the

First Crusade The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic r ...

rs since the first event,

People's Crusade The People's Crusade was the beginning phase of the First Crusade whose objective was to retake the Holy Land, and Jerusalem in particular, from Islamic rule. After in 1095 the head of the Roman Catholic Church Pope Urban II started to urge faith ...

(1096).

Michael VIII Palaiologos Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus ( el, Μιχαὴλ Δούκας Ἄγγελος Κομνηνὸς Παλαιολόγος, Mikhaēl Doukas Angelos Komnēnos Palaiologos; 1224 – 11 December 1282) reigned as the co-emperor of the Empire ...

(1261–1282) adopted the symbol when he resurrected the

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

, with the initials (letters β) of the imperial motto of the

: ''King of Kings (=

Jesus Christ Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious ...

), help the King'' (; ). It was used in flags and coins. The symbol appear on the Imperial flag ''

divellion The ''divellion'' or ''dibellion'' ( gr, διβέλλιον) was a symbol of the late Byzantine Empire, the Emperor's personal banner. It was carried by the ''skouterios'' ("shield-bearer"), alongside the Imperial shield, on official events. Emp ...

'' (διβελλιον) used in front of all other banners, recorded by

Pseudo-Kodinos George Kodinos or Codinus ( el, Γεώργιος Κωδινός), also Pseudo-Kodinos, ''kouropalates'' in the Byzantine court, is the reputed 14th-century author of three extant works in late Byzantine literature. Their attribution to him is mere ...

( 1347–68) wrongly as "a cross with firesteels" (), and depicted in the Castilian '' Conosçimiento de todos los reynos'' atlas ( 1350). As Alexander Soloviev writes, the use of letters in western heraldry is nonexistent. The oldest preserved historical source of the cross used in Serbia is from the Dečani oil-lamp (''Dečanski polijelej''), which was a gift to King Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321), the '' ktetor'' (founder) of

Visoki Dečani The Visoki Dečani Monastery ( sr, Манастир Високи Дечани, Manastir Visoki Dečani, sq, Manastiri i Deçanit) is a medieval Serbian Orthodox Christian monastery located near Deçan, Kosovo. It was founded in the first half of ...

, now preserved at the Monastery of Prohor Pčinjski. Stojan Novaković argued that the recorded use of the Serbian cross, as a national symbol, began in 1397, during the rule of Stefan Lazarević. It was possibly derived from the Dečani polijelej. Serbian historian Stanoje Stanojević argued that it entered its use in 1345, with

Stefan Dušan Stefan Uroš IV Dušan ( sr-Cyrl, Стефан Урош IV Душан, ), known as Dušan the Mighty ( sr, / ; circa 1308 – 20 December 1355), was the King of Serbia from 8 September 1331 and Tsar (or Emperor) and autocrat of the Serbs, Gre ...

's elevation to Emperor. In the Middle Ages, both the "Greek style", with closed fire-steels (β–B), and the "Serbian syle", with open fire-steels (C-S), were used in Serbia. A 1439 map by Gabriel de Vallseca used both the Serbian cross and eagle when depicting Serbia.

Early modern and modern history

In South Slavic heraldic sources (also known as " Illyrian Armorials"), the Serbian cross is found in the Korenić-Neorić Armorial (1595), which shows the coat of arms of Serbia (Svrbiae) as a white cross over a red background, with four firesteels, also depicting the Mrnjavčević noble house with the same design, with inverted colours and the Serbian eagle in the center of the cross. According to

Mavro Orbini Mavro Orbini (1563–1614) was a Ragusan chronicler, notable for his work ''The Realm of the Slavs'' (1601) which influenced Slavic ideology and historiography in the later centuries. Life Orbini was born in Ragusa (now Dubrovnik), the capital o ...

(1607), it was used by

Vukašin Mrnjavčević Vukašin (Cyrillic script: Вукашин) is an old Slavic name of Serbian origin. It is composed from two words: Vuk (wolf) and sin (son), so it means sin vuka (son of wolf). In some places in Croatia and Bosnia it can be found as a surname. ...

(King, 1365–1371) and

Lazar Hrebeljanović Lazar Hrebeljanović ( sr-cyr, Лазар Хребељановић; ca. 1329 – 15 June 1389) was a medieval Serbian ruler who created the largest and most powerful state on the territory of the disintegrated Serbian Empire. Lazar's state, ...

(Prince, 1371–1389). Next, it is found in the

Belgrade Armorial II The Belgrade Armorial II ( sr-Latn-Cyrl, separator=/, Beogradski grbovnik II, Београдски грбовник II) is the name given to an armorial A roll of arms (or armorial) is a collection of coats of arms, usually consisting of rows ...

(ca. 1600–1620), the

Fojnica Armorial Fojnica Armorial ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Fojnički grbovnik, Фојнички грбовник) is a prominent Illyrian armorial which contains South Slavic heraldic symbols, and expresses romantic nationalism and Illyrism rather than historical accurac ...

(between 1675 and 1688), the Armorial of

Stanislaus Rubcich Stanislav and variants may refer to: People * Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.) Places * Stanislav, a coastal village in Kherson, Ukraine * Stanislaus County, C ...

(ca. 1700), and ''

Stemmatographia Stemmatografia, known by its full name Stemmatografia sive Armorum Illiricorum delineatio, descriptio et restitutio (English: ''Stemmatography, or the sketch, description and revival of the Illyrian coats of arms'') is a heraldic essay written and ...

'' (1741), while still continuing to be used in foreign heraldic sources. The

Metropolitanate of Karlovci The Metropolitanate of Karlovci ( sr, Карловачка митрополија, Karlovačka mitropolija) was a metropolitanate of the Eastern Orthodox Church that existed in the Habsburg monarchy between 1708 and 1848. Between 1708 and 1713 ...

, established in 1691, adopted it in its seal. After the

Serbian Revolution The Serbian Revolution ( sr, Српска револуција / ''Srpska revolucija'') was a national uprising and constitutional change in Serbia that took place between 1804 and 1835, during which this territory evolved from an Ottoman prov ...

, the Serbian cross then appeared on all official Serbian coats of arms, except the Serbian coat of arms adopted in 1947, which had the cross removed, leaving four stylized S; this was done symbolically by the Yugoslav government to "socially curtail and politically marginalize religious communities and religion in general". During WWII, The Serbian cross was used in the Nazi backed puppet government,

Government of National Salvation The Government of National Salvation ( sr, Влада народног спаса, Vlada narodnog spasa, (VNS); german: Regierung der nationalen Rettung), also referred to as Nedić's government (, ) and Nedić's regime (, ), was the colloquial na ...

Flag (1941–1944).

Miloš Obrenović Miloš, Milos, Miłosz or spelling variations thereof is a masculine given name and a surname. It may refer to: Given name Sportsmen * Miłosz Bernatajtys, Polish rower * Miloš Bogunović, Serbian footballer * Miloš Budaković, Serbian ...

adopted the Serbian cross as the military flag when forming the first units of the regular army in 1825. The

and the cross are the main heraldic symbols which represent the national identity of the Serbian people, and the Serbian cross symbol has been frequently used in Serb heraldry. Serbian popular tradition attributes the symbol to St. Sava, 12th century metropolitan of Žiča and Archbishop of Serbs. St. Sava is also associated with the motto ''

'' ( sr, Само слога Србина спасава/Samo sloga Srbina spasava). The memorial park in

Tekeriš Tekeriš () is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Loznica municipality, in the Mačva District. This village has a Serbian ethnic majority and its population numbers 370 people, according to the 2002 census. History Tekeriš is famous b ...

, where the first battle of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

was fought, the monument has "18-VIII-1914" and ''Samo sloga srbina spasava'' inscribed. A monument in Šamac,

Republika Srpska Republika Srpska ( sr-Cyrl, Република Српска, lit=Serb Republic, also known as Republic of Srpska, ) is one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is locat ...

, Bosnia-Herzegovina for the Serbs who fought and died in the Bosnian war, has the Serbian eagle in the center, the years which the war occurred (1992-1995) and ''Samo sloga Srbina spasava'' on the left and right sides.

Contemporary use

File:Flag of Serbia.svg,

Flag of Serbia The flag of Serbia ( sr, Застава Србије, Zastava Srbije), also known as the Tricolour ( sr, тробојка, ''trobojka''), is a tricolour consisting of three equal horizontal bands, red on the top, blue in the middle, and white o ...

File:Tradicionalna_zastava_Vojvodine_sa_grbom.svg, Traditional flag of

Vojvodina Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...

province File:Flag of the Serbian Orthodox Church.svg, Flag of the Serbian Orthodox Church File:Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia.svg, Coat of arms of Serbia File:Tradicionalni_grb_Vojvodine.svg, Traditional coat of arms of

province

Gallery

;Historical coats of arms and flags File:Mrnjavcevic - Illyrian Coat of arms.png, Coat of arms of Mrnjavčević family (ca. 1370) File:Zastava i grb nemanjicke Srbije (iz 1439. godine), prema portolanu Gabriel de Vallseca.jpg, Flag and coat of arms of the Serbian Empire, Gabriel de Vallseca (1439). File:Serbian coat of arms, Belgrade Armorial II.jpg, Serbia,

(ca. 1600–1620) File:Arma de Slavni Triballi de Illirico.jpg, Coat of arms of Serbs (17th century), ed. of

's ''Regno degli Slavi'' (1601) File:Grb-karlovacke-mitropolije.jpg, Coat of arms of the

(1713) File:Flag of Revolutionary Serbia.svg, Flag of the

Revolutionary Serbia Revolutionary Serbia ( sr, Устаничка Србија / Ustanička Srbija), or Karađorđe's Serbia ( sr, Карађорђева Србија / Karađorđeva Srbija), refers to the state established by the Serbian revolutionaries in Ottoman ...

and

Topola Topola ( sr-cyrl, Топола, ) is a town and municipality located in the Šumadija District of central Serbia. It was the place where Karađorđe, a Serbian revolutionary, was chosen as the leader of the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottom ...

, 1804 File:Praviteljstvujušči sovjet serbski.JPG, Government seal
(

, 1805–1813) File:Milos Obrenovic 1819.png, Coat of arms of Prince Miloš I (1819) File:COA of Principality of Serbia.svg,

Principality of Serbia The Principality of Serbia ( sr-Cyrl, Књажество Србија, Knjažestvo Srbija) was an autonomous state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian Revolution, which lasted between 1804 and 1817. Its creation wa ...

(1835–1882) File:Coat of arms of Serbian Vojvodina.svg,

Serbian Vojvodina The Serbian Vojvodina ( sr, Српска Војводина / ) was a short-lived self-proclaimed Serb autonomous province within the Austrian Empire during the Revolutions of 1848, which existed until 1849 when it was transformed into the new (o ...

(1848–1849) File:Civil Flag of Serbia 1869.png, Civil flag of Serbia (1869) File:Coat of Arms of Petar I Karadjordjevic (as a Knez).png, Coat of arms of King

Peter I Peter I may refer to: Religious hierarchs * Saint Peter (c. 1 AD – c. 64–88 AD), a.k.a. Simon Peter, Simeon, or Simon, apostle of Jesus * Pope Peter I of Alexandria (died 311), revered as a saint * Peter I of Armenia (died 1058), Catholico ...

(1903–1918) File:Royal Coat of arms of Serbia (1882–1918).svg, Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1918) File:Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg,

Kingdom of Yugoslavia The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; sl, Kraljevina Jugoslavija) was a state in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 ...

(1918–1944) File:Coat of arms of the Government of National Salvation.svg,

(1941–1944) File:Coat of Arms of the Socialist Republic of Serbia.svg, Socialist Republic of Serbia (1947–1992) and

Republic of Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungar ...

(1992–2004) File:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg,

Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro ( sr, Cрбија и Црна Гора, translit=Srbija i Crna Gora) was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...

(1992-2003) Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) File:Coat of arms of Serbia (2004-2010).svg, Republic of Serbia
(2004–2010) ;Cities and municipalities in Serbia File:Srpska crnja grb.jpg, Srpska Crnja File:COA Kragujevac.png, Kragujevac COA Ljubovija.gif,

Ljubovija Ljubovija ( sr-cyr, Љубовија, ) is a small town and municipality located in the Mačva District of western Serbia. As of 2011, the population of the municipality is 14,469 inhabitants. Settlements Aside from the town of Ljubovija, the mun ...

File:GrbOpsiteArandjelovac.gif,

Aranđelovac Aranđelovac ( sr-cyr, Аранђеловац, ) is a town and a municipality located in the Šumadija District of central Serbia. , the municipality has a population of 46,225 inhabitants, while the town has 24,797 inhabitants. It is situated be ...

File:COA_Rača.png, Rača File:COA Barajevo.gif,

Barajevo Barajevo ( sr-cyr, Барајево, ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 27,110 inhabitants. The municipality is located in the lower northern part of Šumadija, ...

File:FLAG Surdulica.gif,

Surdulica Surdulica ( sr-cyr, Сурдулица) is a town and municipality located in the Pčinja District of southern Serbia. As of 2011, the population of the town is 11,400, while the municipality has 20,319 inhabitants. History Historically, the tow ...

File:FLAG Zvezdara.gif,

Zvezdara Zvezdara ( sr-cyr, Звездара, ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. The municipality is geographically hilly and with many forests. According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 148,014 inhabitants. The ...

COA Varvarin.png,

Varvarin Varvarin ( sr-cyr, Варварин, ) is a town and municipality located in the Rasina District of central Serbia. Population of the town is 2,133, and population of the municipality is 17,772. History The town is notable as the site of an 1810 b ...

COA Vracar (small).png,

Vračar Vračar ( sr-Cyrl, Врачар, ) is an affluent urban area and municipality of the city of Belgrade known as the location of many embassies and museums. According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 56,333 inhabitant ...

COA Voždovac.gif,

Voždovac Voždovac ( sr-cyr, Вождовац, ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 158,213 inhabitants. The municipality is located in the south-central part of the urban ...

Zemun stemma.png,

Zemun Zemun ( sr-cyrl, Земун, ; hu, Zimony) is a municipality in the city of Belgrade. Zemun was a separate town that was absorbed into Belgrade in 1934. It lies on the right bank of the Danube river, upstream from downtown Belgrade. The developme ...

File:Mladenovac-zastava.png,

Mladenovac Mladenovac ( sr-cyr, Младеновац, ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 53,050 inhabitants, while the urban area has 23,314 inhabitants. Name Its name stems ...

;Cities and municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Republic of Srpska File:Coat of arms of Banja Luka.svg,

Banja Luka Banja Luka ( sr-Cyrl, Бања Лука, ) or Banjaluka ( sr-Cyrl, Бањалука, ) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the largest city of Republika Srpska. Banja Luka is also the ''de facto'' capital of this entity. I ...

(2005-2017) File:Višegrad (grb).svg,

Višegrad Višegrad ( sr-cyrl, Вишеград, ) is a town and municipality located in eastern Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It rests at the confluence of the Drina and the Rzav river. As of 2013, it has a population of 10,668 ...

File:Prijedor grb (until 2013).svg,

Prijedor Prijedor ( sr-cyrl, Приједор, ) is a city and municipality located in the Republika Srpska entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 89,397 inhabitants within its administrative limits. Prijedor is situated in ...

(2005-2013) File:Грб Градишке.svg, Gradiška File:Laktaši (grb).svg,

Laktaši Laktaši ( sr-cyrl, Лакташи) is a city located in Republika Srpska, an entity of the state Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the municipality had a population of 34,966 inhabitants, while the town has a population of 5,879 inhabita ...

File:Источно Ново Сарајево (грб).svg,

Istočno Novo Sarajevo Istočno Novo Sarajevo ( sr-cyr, Источно Ново Сарајево, lit. "East New Sarajevo") is a municipality of the city of Istočno Sarajevo located in Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a populat ...

File:Šipovo (grb).svg,

Šipovo Šipovo ( sr-cyrl, Шипово) is a town and municipality located in Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the southern part of the Bosanska Krajina region. As of 2013, it has a population of 10,293 inhabitant ...

File:Котор-Варош (грб).svg,

Kotor Varoš Kotor Varoš ( sr-cyrl, Котор Варош) is a town and municipality located in north-western Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013 census, it has a population of 19,710 inhabitants, while the town of Kotor Varo ...

File:Srbac-Grb.gif, Srbac ;Cities and municipalities elsewhere File:Coat of arms of Staro Nagoričane.svg,

Staro Nagoričane Staro Nagoričane ( mk, ) is a village in North Macedonia and the seat of the Staro Nagoričane municipality. The village is primarily known for its 11th century Church of St. George, first constructed in 1071 during Byzantine Macedonia, and rec ...

, Macedonia

Sports

OKS.svg, Logo of the

Olympic Committee of Serbia The Olympic Committee of Serbia ( sr, / ) is the National Olympic Committee representing Serbia. It organizes the country's representatives at the Olympic Games and other multisport events. Members of the committee are 47 sports federations, wh ...

Other uses

Oznaka pripadnosti.gif, Shoulder patch on uniforms of the

Serbian Armed Forces The Serbian Armed Forces ( sr, Војска Србије, Vojska Srbije) is the military of Serbia. The President of Serbia acts as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, while administration and defence policy is carried out by the Government ...

Serbian license plate 2011.jpg, Serbian vehicle registration plate Srpska akademija nauke i umetnosti 01 (8116577383).jpg, Logo of the

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( la, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Serbica, sr-Cyr, Српска академија наука и уметности, САНУ, Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, SANU) is a national academy and the ...

Montenegrin cap.jpg,

Montenegrin cap The Montenegrin cap ( sr, Црногорска капа, Crnogorska kapa) is a cap traditionally worn in Montenegro by the Montenegrins and Serbs of Montenegro. It was introduced by Prince Bishop Petar II Petrović-Njegoš in the mid-1840s as a re ...

References

Sources

* * * * * * *

External links

* {{Christian crosses Crosses by culture Serbian culture National symbols of Serbia Crosses in heraldry History of the Serbs