Sequoia University
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Sequoia University was an
unaccredited Accreditation is the independent, third-party evaluation of a conformity assessment body (such as certification body, inspection body or laboratory) against recognised standards, conveying formal demonstration of its impartiality and competence to ...
higher education Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after comple ...
institution in
Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, largest city in the U.S. state, state of California and the List of United States cities by population, sec ...
,
California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
, which acquired a reputation as a prolific "
degree mill A diploma mill (also known as a degree mill) is a company or organization that claims to be a higher education institution but provides illegitimate academic degrees and diplomas for a fee. The degrees can be fabricated (made-up), falsified (fake ...
" selling degree certificates. Although it was shut down in 1984 by a court order, it is most notable today as the institution from which
L. Ron Hubbard Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 – January 24, 1986) was an American author, primarily of science fiction and fantasy stories, who is best known for having founded the Church of Scientology. In 1950, Hubbard authored '' Dianeti ...
obtained an honorary "Doctorate of Philosophy" in the 1950s. In 2009, Britain released documents from a California agency stating that Sequoia was never approved nor recognized as a school.


Ownership and operations

The "university" was originally known as the College of Drugless Healing. Despite claims that it operated strictly through a post office box and delivered mail-order doctorates without classes or exams, it actually had a number of locations and classes through its storied history. It was unofficially founded in 1950 by psychologist
David Seabury David Seabury (1885 – 1 April 1960) was an American psychologist, writer, and lecturer. While practicing as a consulting psychologist in New York City, he published fifteen books. He founded the Centralist School of Psychology, was the founder ...
, who was both its President and also had an honorary PhD from Sequoia University. Sequoia University initially operated in combination with Seabury University at 535 S. Hoover, Room 426 from 1950. Both Sequoia University Press and graduation ceremonies were also held at 5617 Hollywood Blvd, Room 103. It also had a satellite location at 2610 W. 8th, Room 3 in 1951. It later relocated to 920 S. Grandview St. in 1952. It officially changed its name to Sequoia University on August 20, 1952, and became ratified on August 27, 1952 under a
chiropodist Podiatry () or podiatric medicine () is a branch of medicine devoted to the study, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and leg. A Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM), or a podiatrist, is a healthcare ...
named Joseph Hough. It relocated to his home at 915 S. Grandview, from 1952-1956. In 1956, it eventually moved to 5625
Melrose Avenue Melrose Avenue is a shopping, dining and entertainment destination in Los Angeles that starts at Santa Monica Boulevard, at the border between Beverly Hills and West Hollywood. It ends at Lucile Avenue in Silver Lake. Melrose runs north of Bev ...
. The university also had various departments: a library, a Slavic studies department, Russian, Spanish and other languages, psychology and psychotherapy, and others. Hough's own doctorate was said to have been bogus, reportedly having been purchased from the unaccredited Free University of Mexico in 1938. He was investigated in 1957 by a California State Assembly investigation into degree mills operating in the state, but took the Fifth Amendment 22 times in the course of his testimony and refused to divulge information about Sequoia's activities. During a legal crackdown on unaccredited Californian educational institutions in 1984, a Los Angeles judge issued a permanent injunction ordering it to cease operating "until it complies with the state education laws." At the time it had outlets in both California and Oklahoma, and was still offering degrees in osteopathic medicine, religious studies,
hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy and also called water cure, is a branch of alternative medicine (particularly naturopathy), occupational therapy, and physiotherapy, that involves the use of water for pain relief and treatment. The term ...
, and physical sciences. Among the affected was the Federal government as evidenced by a citation proclaimed by the
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...
in hearings held in 1986, in which Sequoia was mentioned as one of a number of degree mills from which Federal employees had bought false credentials.


Notable alumni


L. Ron Hubbard

In the early 1950s, L. Ron Hubbard established himself in
London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
at the head of the newly founded
Hubbard Association of Scientologists International The Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS) was the original corporation founded in 1952 by L. Ron Hubbard that managed all Scientology organizations. The HAS evolved from the Office of L. Ron Hubbard located in Phoenix, Arizona. It was re-inc ...
. Hubbard appears to have already had a relationship with Hough, as
Scientologist Scientology is a set of beliefs and practices invented by American author L. Ron Hubbard, and an associated movement. It has been variously defined as a cult, a business, or a new religious movement. The most recent published census data in ...
s found themselves being given Ph.Ds from the "university." On February 27, 1953, Hubbard
cable Cable may refer to: Mechanical * Nautical cable, an assembly of three or more ropes woven against the weave of the ropes, rendering it virtually waterproof * Wire rope, a type of rope that consists of several strands of metal wire laid into a hel ...
d his associate
Richard de Mille Richard de Mille (February 12, 1922 – April 8, 2009) was an American author. Early life and education He was born in Monrovia, California, to William C. deMille and the Scottish author and screenwriter Lorna Moon, when William C. was s ...
(a relative of the famous filmmaker
Cecil B. DeMille Cecil Blount DeMille (; August 12, 1881January 21, 1959) was an American film director, producer and actor. Between 1914 and 1958, he made 70 features, both silent and sound films. He is acknowledged as a founding father of the American cine ...
) to instruct him to purchase a Ph.D. in Hubbard's name: "PLEASE INFORM DR HOUGH PHD VERY ACCEPTABLE. PRIVATELY TO YOU. FOR GOSH SAKES EXPEDITE. WORK HERE UTTERLY DEPENDENT ON IT. CABLE REPLY. RON" Shortly afterwards, Hubbard received a "Doctorate of Philosophy" from Sequoia, along with a "D. Scn" (Doctorate of
Scientology Scientology is a set of beliefs and practices invented by American author L. Ron Hubbard, and an associated movement. It has been variously defined as a cult, a Scientology as a business, business, or a new religious movement. The most recent ...
) which he appears to have bestowed upon himself. The degree subsequently became a key part of his self-promotional efforts. Hubbard began referring to himself as "L. Ron Hubbard, Ph.D., C.E." (the C.E. referring to an equally unearned
civil engineering Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewa ...
qualification supposedly obtained from
George Washington University The George Washington University (GW or GWU) is a Private university, private University charter#Federal, federally chartered research university in Washington, D.C. Chartered in 1821 by the United States Congress, GWU is the largest Higher educat ...
, from which he had dropped out in his second year of studies). He presented it as evidence of his scientific qualifications, calling himself "Doctor Hubbard": Hubbard also envisaged using Sequoia to bestow a variety of "degrees" on students of his proposed "Freudian Foundation of America", a scheme which he put forward in April 1953 but which apparently never got off the ground. The students would have received certificates from Sequoia accrediting them as "Bachelor of Scientology," "Doctor of Scientology," "Freudian Psycho-analyst," and "Doctor of Divinity," among other qualifications. He may have abandoned the idea for legal reasons; in May 1953, he told Scientologists in an "Associate Newsletter": Public attention was drawn to Hubbard's "degree" by the
Anderson Report The ''Anderson Report'' is the colloquial name of the report of the Board of Inquiry into Scientology, an official inquiry into the Church of Scientology conducted for the State of Victoria, Australia. It was written by Kevin Victor Anderson ...
of 1965, published in
Victoria, Australia Victoria is a state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state with a land area of , the second most populated state (after New South Wales) with a population of over 6.5 million, and the most densely populated state in ...
. The board of enquiry that produced the report was suspicious of the degree's validity and, in its words, The question of the degree also attracted comment in the British press, forcing Hubbard onto the defensive. He issued a policy letter in February 1966 defending his degree: "I was a Ph.D., Sequoia's University and therefore a perfectly valid doctor under the laws of the State of California". (The latter claim was not true, as Sequoia had never been accredited by the State, nor had it any chance of being — as Christopher Evans notes, it "used to be well known to quacks on the West Coast as a degree mill where 'qualifications' could be bought for suitable sums.") Hubbard announced that henceforth the title of "Doctor" would no longer be used within Scientology, as "the name has been disgraced" due to "the abuses and murders carried out under the title of 'doctor'" (a reference to his hatred of
psychiatry Psychiatry is the specialty (medicine), medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. These include various maladaptations related to mood, behaviour, cognition, and perceptions. See glossary of psych ...
). A few weeks later, Hubbard publicly disclaimed his Sequoia degree in an advertisement in the personal column of ''
The Times ''The Times'' is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title ''The Daily Universal Register'', adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. ''The Times'' and its sister paper '' The Sunday Times'' (f ...
'': However, even after this disavowal Hubbard continued to cite the Sequoia-issued Ph.D. In an interview with Rhodesian television in April 1966, he told the interviewer: "Actually I have a degree in philosophy, a Doctor of Philosophy". Similarly, biographies published by the Church of Scientology also continued to mention the "doctorate"; the 1973 book ''
Mission into Time Mission (from Latin ''missio'' "the act of sending out") may refer to: Organised activities Religion *Christian mission, an organized effort to spread Christianity * Mission (LDS Church), an administrative area of The Church of Jesus Christ of ...
'', for instance, claims that


Forrest J. Ackerman

L. Ron Hubbard's literary agent
Forrest J Ackerman Forrest James Ackerman (November 24, 1916 – December 4, 2008) was an American magazine editor; science fiction writer and literary agent; a founder of science fiction fandom; a leading expert on science fiction, horror, and fantasy films; a pr ...
received a diploma from Sequoia University in April 1969, which named him a Fellow of the Sequoia Research Institute.


Kelly Segraves

Sequoia University is also part of a controversy surrounding the credentials of Kelly Segraves, director of the Creation Science Research Center, a
creationist Creationism is the religious belief that nature, and aspects such as the universe, Earth, life, and humans, originated with supernatural acts of divine creation. Gunn 2004, p. 9, "The ''Concise Oxford Dictionary'' says that creationism is 'th ...
organization. Segraves claims to have received a Master's degree from Sequoia University in 1972 and has been criticized over the institution's lack of academic credentials.


Richard de Mille

In 1953, then-Scientologist
Richard de Mille Richard de Mille (February 12, 1922 – April 8, 2009) was an American author. Early life and education He was born in Monrovia, California, to William C. deMille and the Scottish author and screenwriter Lorna Moon, when William C. was s ...
was an associate professor at Sequoia University. He taught at the Department of Scientology.


Paul Reps

In 1951, American
zen Zen ( zh, t=禪, p=Chán; ja, text= 禅, translit=zen; ko, text=선, translit=Seon; vi, text=Thiền) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty, known as the Chan School (''Chánzong'' 禪宗), and ...
poet
Paul Reps Paul may refer to: *Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name) *Paul (surname), a list of people People Christianity * Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Chri ...
published his second book "Unknot The World In You" through Sequoia University Press.


David B. Steinman

Sequoia awarded an
honorary Doctor of Science Doctor of Science ( la, links=no, Scientiae Doctor), usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D., or D.S., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries, "Doctor of Science" is the degree used f ...
in
Engineering Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more speciali ...
to David B. Steinman received on April 15, 1952.


David Seabury

Seabury unofficially founded the university in 1950. He was both its President and also had an honorary PhD from Sequoia University. He later claimed he had worked at and obtained a degree from Pacific International University, not Sequoia.


Johnston Murray

Former
Governor of Oklahoma The governor of Oklahoma is the head of government of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Under the Oklahoma Constitution, the governor serves as the head of the Oklahoma executive branch, of the government of Oklahoma. The governor is the '' ex of ...
Johnston Murray Johnston Murray (July 21, 1902 – April 16, 1974) was an American lawyer, politician, and the 14th governor of Oklahoma from 1951 to 1955. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Murray was the first Native American to be elected as governor ...
received an honorary degree of
Doctor of Law A Doctor of Law is a degree in law. The application of the term varies from country to country and includes degrees such as the Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D. or S.J.D), Juris Doctor (J.D.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), and Legum Doctor (LL ...
on July 7, 1952.


Jack B. Tenney

In 1953, California State Senator Jack B. Tenney gave the commencement address and received an honorary Doctor of Humanities.


Edward Leo Delaney

In 1954, actor turned propagandist
Edward Leo Delaney Edward Leopold Delaney (December 12, 1885 – July 1, 1972) was an American broadcaster of Nazi propaganda during World War II. He was indicted on charges of treason in 1943, but the charges were dropped after the war due to lack of evidence. E ...
published his first book "False Freedom" through Sequoia University Press.


Mickey Rooney

In May 1956, Sequoia University awarded actor Mickey Rooney an honorary PhD in Fine Arts.


Devendra Varma

In 1968, literary scholar
Devendra Varma Devendra Varma (17 October 1923 - 24 October 1994) was an expert on Gothic literature. He was particularly well known for ''The Gothic Flame: being a history of the Gothic Novel in England'' and ''The Evergreen Tree of Diabolical Knowledge'', an ...
received a fellowship of the Sequoia Research Institute, a subsidiary of Sequoia University.


References

{{authority control Scientology-related controversies Unaccredited institutions of higher learning in California Educational institutions in the United States with year of establishment missing Educational institutions disestablished in 1984 Universities and colleges in Los Angeles County, California Defunct private universities and colleges in California