''Self Portrait'' (or ''The Large Self-Portrait'')Prohaska. 90 is an oil on canvas painting by the Dutch artist Rembrandt. Painted in 1652, it is one of over 40 painted

self-portraits by Rembrandt The dozens of self-portraits by Rembrandt were an important part of his oeuvre. Rembrandt created approaching one hundred self-portraits including over forty paintings, thirty-one etching Etching is traditionally the process of using stron ...

, and was the first he had painted since 1645.White et al. 190 In composition it is different from his previous self-portraits, depicting the painter in a direct frontal pose, hands on his hips, and with an air of self-confidence. It was painted the year that his financial difficulties began, and breaks with the sumptuous finery he had worn in previous self-portraits.Prohaska. 90 Art historian Christopher White has called it "one of the most magisterial and sombre of these (late) pictures". It is in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

The freely painted clothing includes a brown robe that was most likely casual working attire, secured with a sash, over a black doublet with an upturned collar.White et al. 190 A drawing from c. 1650 shows Rembrandt in much the same pose and attire, and features an inscription, though not by the artist's hand, stating that these were the artist's studio clothes.White et al. 190 In the drawing Rembrandt is seen wearing a top hat, while in the painting he wears a black beret derivative of artists' portraits of the 16th century.White et al. 190 Following a period of seven years when he painted no self-portraits, focusing instead on landscapes and intimate domestic subjects, the Vienna ''Self Portrait'' inaugurated a prolific stretch in which Rembrandt painted an average of one self-portrait a year until his death in 1669.van de Wetering 290 Contrary to the popular understanding that these paintings primarily represented a deeper personal interest in self-depiction,

Ernst van de Wetering Ernst van de Wetering (9 March 1938 – 11 August 2021) was a Dutch art historian and an expert on Rembrandt and his work. Background Ernst van de Wetering was born in Hengelo. He was first trained as an artist at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts ...

has proposed that they were painted specifically for connoisseurs who collected self-portraits by prominent artists.van de Wetering 290 As in other late portraits and self-portraits by Rembrandt, a painted underlayer shows through in areas of shadow, here particularly in the eye sockets and beneath the moustache.van de Wetering. 211 Microscopic analysis has revealed that this is not the painted ground layer, which is a similar gray color, but a separate underlayer of paint. This local imprimatura, used in preparation for specific areas of the painting, was also practiced by

Vermeer Johannes Vermeer ( , , see below; also known as Jan Vermeer; October 1632 – 15 December 1675) was a Dutch Baroque Period painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle-class life. During his lifetime, he was a moderately succe ...

, and its purpose is not fully understood. A strong similarity has been noted to the self-portrait of c. 1655, also in the Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum.White et al. 195 The later work shares the frontal angle, lighting, and informal attire of the larger painting, though the artist's face appears older.White et al. 195 A painting of Rembrandt' son Titus van Rijn, by another artist in the style of Rembrandt, duplicates the pose and positioning of the figure in the ''Self Portrait''.

Notes

References

*Prohaska, Wolfgang. ''The Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna: the paintings, Volume 2'', 2004. * van de Wetering, Ernst, ''Rembrandt: The Painter at Work'', Amsterdam University Press, 2000. *White, Christopher, et al. ''Rembrandt by himself''. Yale University Press.

External links

Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna''Rembrandt's Son Titus'', Metropolitan Museum of Art
{{ACArt 1652 paintings 17th-century portraits Paintings in the collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Self-portraits by Rembrandt