Scandinavian Braille is a

braille Braille (Pronounced: ) is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired, including people who are blind, deafblind or who have low vision. It can be read either on embossed paper or by using refreshable braille disp ...

alphabet used, with differences in orthography and punctuation, for the languages of the mainland Nordic countries: Danish,

Norwegian Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to: *Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe * Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway * Demographics of Norway *The Norwegian language, including ...

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

, and

Finnish Finnish may refer to: * Something or someone from, or related to Finland * Culture of Finland * Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland * Finnish language, the national language of the Finnish people * Finnish cuisine See also ...

. In a generally reduced form it is used for Greenlandic. Scandinavian Braille is very close to French Braille, with slight modification of some of the accented letters, and optional use of the others to transcribe foreign languages.

Alphabet

The braille letters for the French print vowels ''â, œ, ä'' are used for the print vowels ''å, ö/ø, ä/æ'' of the Scandinavian alphabets. Each language uses the letters that exists in its inkprint alphabet. Thus, in numerical order, the letters are: : Greenlandic Braille uses a subset of these letters, ''a e f g i j k l m n o p q r s t u v'', though the rest of the Scandinavian alphabet is available when needed. For foreign accented letters, French Braille assignments are used.

Numbers

Digits are the first ten letters of the alphabet, and numbers are marked by , as in English Braille.

Punctuation

Punctuation differs slightly between each country, but this is unlikely to impede understanding. ;Single punctuation The ellipsis is thus . Finnish ! is not a copy error. It is the reverse of the found in all other Nordic countries, though the latter is the + sign in Finnish mathematical notation just as it is in those other countries. Finnish punctuation is used for Swedish text in Finland. In Swedish Braille, there is also for the pipe, , , and for the bullet, •. ;Paired punctuation At least in Norwegian Braille, the braces are .

Formatting

Given the poor coverage, it is not clear how compatible formatting is between countries. (See Estonian Braille for formatting in an orthography with similar punctuation to Finnish and Swedish.) In Swedish Braille, is used to capitalize an entire word, and to capitalize several words. The sequences and are likewise used to italicize and bold several words. The end of any of these is marked with , for example — for caps, — for italics, and — for bold. Also in Swedish (and perhaps the others), the auxiliary parentheses are used to add comments that appear only in the braille text, such as a description of a picture in the print text being transcribed.

References

Punktskriftsalfabet
(Braille alphabet in Swedish) *Sjondepilin.fo "Tá tú hittir blind fólk" (Braille alphabet in Faroese

*Íslenska blindraleturs stafrófið (Braille alphabet in Icelandic

External links

''Håndbok i litterær punktskrift''
("Manual of literary Braille", in Norwegian)
''Kortskrift i norsk punktskrift'', KS04
(abbreviations in Norwegian Braille, in Norwegian)
''Svenska skrivregler för punktskrift''
("Swedish writing-rules for Braille", in Swedish) {{Braille French-ordered braille alphabets