Satu Mare County
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Satu Mare County ( ro, Județul Satu Mare, ) is a county (
județ A ''județ'' (, plural ) is an administrative division in Romania, and was also used from 1940 to 1947 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and from 1998 to 2003 in Moldova. ''Județ'' translates into English as "jurisdiction", but is com ...
) of
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
, on the border with
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
and
Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
. The capital city is
Satu Mare Satu Mare (; hu, Szatmárnémeti ; german: Sathmar; yi, סאטמאר or ) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the ...
.


Name

In Hungarian, it is known as ''Szatmár megye'', in
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
as ''Kreis Sathmar'', in
Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...
as Сату-Маре, and in Slovak as ''Satmárska župa''.


Demographics

Satu Mare is a multicultural city, with a population mix of Romanian, Hungarian, Roma, German, and other ethnicities. In 2002, Satu Mare County had a population of 367,281 and the
population density Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.Matt RosenberPopul ...
was .National Institute of Statistics,
"Populația după etnie"
''
*
Romanians The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Culture of Romania, Romanian culture and Cultural heritage, ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they l ...
– 58.8% *
Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and  ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...
– 35.2% *
Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council *Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...
– 3.7% *
Germans , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...
(
Sathmar Swabians The Satu Mare Swabians or Sathmar Swabians (German: Sathmarer Schwaben) are a German ethnic group in the Satu Mare (german: Sathmar) region of Romania.Monica Barcan, Adalbert Millitz, ''The German Nationality in Romania'' (1978), page 42: "The Sa ...
)
– 1.7% *
Ukrainians Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. The majority ...
,
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
, other In 2011, its population was 329,079 and
population density Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.Matt RosenberPopul ...
was . * Romanians – 57.73% * Hungarians – 34.5% *
Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council *Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...
– 5.32% * Germans (
Sathmar Swabians The Satu Mare Swabians or Sathmar Swabians (German: Sathmarer Schwaben) are a German ethnic group in the Satu Mare (german: Sathmar) region of Romania.Monica Barcan, Adalbert Millitz, ''The German Nationality in Romania'' (1978), page 42: "The Sa ...
)
– 1.51% *
Rusyns Rusyns (), also known as Carpatho-Rusyns (), or Rusnaks (), are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group from the Carpathian Rus', Eastern Carpathians in Central Europe. They speak Rusyn language, Rusyn, an East Slavic languages, East Slavi ...
,
Ukrainians Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. The majority ...
,
Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...
, other Hungarians mostly reside along the border with Hungary, but some are also scattered throughout the whole county. Historically, Hungarians were concentrated in the cities, where administration resides, while the Romanian population was larger in the villages throughout the county. In 1930, the Hungarians represented 41.9% of the urban population in Satu Mare County and only 20.0% of the population in the villages according to census data.
Recensământul general al populației României din 29 Decemvrie 1930", vol. II, pag. 394, Institutul Central de Statistică, (published in French and Romanian)
The proportion of different ethnic groups varied throughout history, due to regime and political changes. After the
Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (german: Ausgleich, hu, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereignty and status of the Kingdom of Hungary ...
, the Hungarian population increased its proportion greatly, in 1880 representing 44.4% and in 1910 reaching 55.1% of the county population, according to Árpád E. Varga.
Árpád E. Varga, Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995, Original title: Erdély magyar népessége 1870–1995 között, Published in Magyar Kisebbség 3–4, 1998 (New series IV), pp. 331–407, Translation by Tamás Sályi, Linguistic editing by Rachel Orbell, Published by Teleki László Foundation. Budapest, March 1999"
After
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
the Hungarian and German population declined.


Geography

Satu Mare County has a total area of . In the north are the
Oaș Mountains The Oaș Mountains ( ro, Munţii Oașului, hu, Avas-hegység, uk, Гори Оаш) are a small volcanic mountain range within the Vihorlat-Gutin Area of the Inner Eastern Carpathians. The mountains are centered in northern section of the Oaș Cou ...
, part of the
Eastern Carpathians Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian mountains system. Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya Sy ...
. This makes up around 17% of the area. The remainder is hills, forming 20% of the area, and plains. The western part of the county takes up the Eastern part of the
Pannonian Plain The Pannonian Basin, or Carpathian Basin, is a large basin situated in south-east Central Europe. The geomorphological term Pannonian Plain is more widely used for roughly the same region though with a somewhat different sense, with only the ...
. The county is crossed by the
Someș River The Someș (; hu, Szamos; german: Somesch or ''Samosch'') is a left tributary of the Tisza in Hungary and Romania. It has a length of (including its source river Someșul Mare), of which 50 km are in Hungary.Tur River, and Crasna River. The county lies partly in the historical region of Maramureș and partly in the historical region of
Crișana Crișana ( hu, Körösvidék, german: Kreischgebiet) is a geographical and historical region in north-western Romania, named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Roma ...
.


Neighbours

*
Maramureș County Maramureș County () is a county (județ) in Romania, in the Maramureș region. The county seat is Baia Mare. Name In Hungarian language, Hungarian it is known as ''Máramaros megye'', in Ukrainian language, Ukrainian as Мараморо́щ ...
in the East. *Hungary in the West –
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg ( hu, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg megye, ) is an administrative county (Hungarian: ''megye'') in north-eastern Hungary, bordering Slovakia (Košice Region), Ukraine (Zakarpattia Oblast), and Romania ( Bihor and Satu Mare cou ...
. *Ukraine in the North –
Zakarpattia Oblast The Zakarpattia Oblast ( uk, Закарпатська область, Zakarpatska oblast) is an administrative oblast located in western Ukraine, mostly coterminous with the historical region of Carpathian Ruthenia. Its administrative centre is ...
. *
Bihor County Bihor County () is a county ( județ) in western Romania. With a total area of , Bihor is Romania's 6th largest county geographically and the main county in the historical region of Crișana. Its capital city is Oradea. Toponymy The origin of ...
and
Sălaj County Sălaj County () (also known as ''Land of Silvania'', ''silva, -ae'' means "forest") is a county ('' județ'') of Romania, located in the north-west of the country, in the historical regions of Crișana and Transylvania. It is bordered to the nort ...
in the South. Satu Mare County, together with the Bihor, Bistrița-Năsăud,
Cluj ; hu, kincses város) , official_name=Cluj-Napoca , native_name= , image_skyline= , subdivision_type1 = Counties of Romania, County , subdivision_name1 = Cluj County , subdivision_type2 = Subdivisions of Romania, Status , subdivision_name2 ...
,
Maramureș Maramureș or Marmaroshchyna ( ro, Maramureș ; uk, Мармарощина, Marmaroshchyna; hu, Máramaros) is a geographical, historical and cultural region in northern Romania and western Ukraine. It is situated in the northeastern Carpath ...
, and Sălaj counties, constitute the Nord-Vest development region of Romania. The county is a member of the
Carpathian Euroregion The Carpathian Euroregion is an international association formed on February 14, 1993, by the representatives of the regional administrations of Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia and Hungary in the city of Debrecen. In 2000, the request from several regi ...
.


Economy

Satu Mare County benefits from its position, close to the border of Romania with Hungary and Ukraine, and it is one of the places which attracts foreign investment in industry and agriculture. The predominant industries in the county are: *
Textile Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the ...
s industry; * Machine and automotive components; * Food industry; * Wood and furniture industry.


Tourism

The main tourist attractions in the county are: * The "
Oaș Country Oaș Country (Romanian: ''Țara Oașului'', Hungarian: ''Avasság'') is an ethnographic and historical region of Romania located in the North-East part of Satu Mare County, 50 km from the city of Satu Mare, also 50 km from the city ...
", with its strong Romanian folk traditions, on the North Eastern side of the county; * The Oaș Mountains; * The cities of
Satu Mare Satu Mare (; hu, Szatmárnémeti ; german: Sathmar; yi, סאטמאר or ) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the ...
and
Carei Carei (; , ; /, yi, , ) is a city in Satu Mare County, northwestern Romania, near the border with Hungary. The city administers one village, Ianculești ( hu, Szentjánosmajor). History The first mention of the city under the name of "Karul ...
; *
Tășnad Tășnad (; Hungarian: ''Tasnád'', Hungarian pronunciation: ; German: ''Trestenburg'') is a town in Satu Mare County, Crișana, Romania. It administers five villages: Blaja (''Tasnádbalázsháza''), Cig (''Csög''), Rațiu (''Ráctanya''), Săr ...
Resort; * The fortifications from
Ardud Ardud ( hu, Erdőd, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Erdeed) is a town situated in Satu Mare County, Transylvania, Romania. It administers five villages: Ardud-Vii (), Baba Novac (), Gerăușa (), Mădăras () and Sărătura (). History It has ...
and
Medieșu Aurit Medieșu Aurit ( hu, Aranyosmeggyes ) is a commune of 7,299 residents in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: The commune is located on the right bank of the Someș River, in the eastern part of the county, at a distance ...
.


Politics

The Satu Mare County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition:


Administrative divisions

Satu Mare County has 2 municipalities, 4 towns, and 59 communes: *Municipalities **
Satu Mare Satu Mare (; hu, Szatmárnémeti ; german: Sathmar; yi, סאטמאר or ) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the ...
– county seat; 102,441 (as of 2011) **
Carei Carei (; , ; /, yi, , ) is a city in Satu Mare County, northwestern Romania, near the border with Hungary. The city administers one village, Ianculești ( hu, Szentjánosmajor). History The first mention of the city under the name of "Karul ...
*Towns **
Ardud Ardud ( hu, Erdőd, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Erdeed) is a town situated in Satu Mare County, Transylvania, Romania. It administers five villages: Ardud-Vii (), Baba Novac (), Gerăușa (), Mădăras () and Sărătura (). History It has ...
** Livada **
Negrești-Oaș Negrești-Oaș (; hu, Avasfelsőfalu, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a town in northwestern Romania, in the county of Satu Mare. Two villages, Luna (''Lunaforrás'') and Tur (''Túrvékonya''), are administered by the town. The name ''Negrești' ...
**
Tășnad Tășnad (; Hungarian: ''Tasnád'', Hungarian pronunciation: ; German: ''Trestenburg'') is a town in Satu Mare County, Crișana, Romania. It administers five villages: Blaja (''Tasnádbalázsháza''), Cig (''Csög''), Rațiu (''Ráctanya''), Săr ...
*Communes **
Acâș Acâș ( hu, Ákos, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Fürstendorf) is a rural municipality of 2,827 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Acâș, Ganaș (''Gánás''), Mihăieni (''Krasznami ...
**
Agriș Agriș ( hu, Egri; Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune located in Satu Mare County, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, S ...
**
Andrid Andrid ( hu, Érendréd, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune situated in Satu Mare County, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Eur ...
** Apa **
Bătarci Bătarci ( hu, Batarcs, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 3,612 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Easte ...
**
Beltiug Beltiug (german: Bildegg; hu, Krasznabéltek or ''Béltek'') is a commune of 3,228 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Transylvania, Romania. It lies on the banks of the Crasna River south of Ardud, 35 km south of the county seat, ...
**
Berveni Berveni ( hu, Börvely, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 3,331 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Berveni and Lucăceni (''Újkálmánd''). Demographics Ethnic groups (2002 census): *Hunga ...
** Bixad ** Bârsău **
Bogdand Bogdand ( hu, Bogdánd; Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Satu Mare County in Crișana, Romania. In 2011, it had a population of 2,872; out of them, 57% were Hungarian, 36% were Romanian, and 5% were Roma.Botiz **
Călinești-Oaș Călinești-Oaș (; hu, Kányaháza, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Satu Mare County, north-western Romania, with a population of 4,686. Part of the region of Maramureș, it is composed of four villages: Călinești-Oaș, Coca (''Kaká ...
**
Cămărzana Cămărzana (, hu, Komorzán, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 2,304 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Cămărzana. The commune is located in the northern part of the county, on the b ...
**
Cămin Cămin ( hu, Kálmánd, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 1,406 inhabitants located in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Cămin, part of Căpleni Commune until 2002, when it was split off. At the 2011 census, ...
**
Căpleni Căpleni ( hu, Kaplony, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Kaplau) is a commune of 4,349 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania along the border with Hungary. It is composed of a single village, Căpleni, and also included Cămin vill ...
**
Căuaș Căuaș ( hu, Érkávás, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 2,350 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of six villages: *Ady Endre / Érmindszent or Adyfalva *Căuaș *Ghenci / Gencs *Ghilești / Ill ...
**
Cehal Cehal ( hu, Oláhcsaholy, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a Communes of Romania, commune of 1,573 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Cehal, Cehăluț (the commune center; ''Magyarcsaholy'') ...
**
Certeze Certeze (german: Neudorf; hu, Avasújfalu, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 5,560 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Ea ...
**
Ciumești Ciumești ( hu, Csomaköz, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune located in Satu Mare County, Romania. The commune is located in the western part of the county, at a distance of west of Carei and from the county seat, Satu Mare. Composition ...
**
Craidorolț Craidorolț ( hu, Királydaróc, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 2,215 inhabitants (2011) situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Demographics Ethnic groups (2011 census): *Romanians: 53% *Hungarians: 2 ...
**
Crucișor Crucișor ( hu, Borválaszút, pronounced: ) is a Communes of Romania, commune of 2,226 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Crucișor, Iegheriște (''Alsóhuta'') and Poiana Codrului (''Szelestyehuta ...
**
Culciu Culciu ( hu, Nagykolcs, pronounced: ) is a commune of 3,751 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southe ...
** Doba **
Dorolț Dorolț ( hu, Pusztadaróc, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune with 3,760 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Atea (''Atya''), Dara (''Szamosdara''), Dorolț and Petea (''Pete''). Demographics E ...
**
Foieni Foieni ( hu, Mezőfény, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Fienen) is a commune of 1,836 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Foieni. The commune is located in the western part of the county, at ...
**
Gherța Mică Gherța Mică ( hu, Kisgérce, pronounced: ) is a commune of 3,299 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Gherța Mică. Natives * Rodion Markovits * Maricica Țăran Maricia Titie Ţăran (later ...
**
Halmeu Halmeu ( hu, Halmi, ; yi, האַַלמין) is a commune of 4,845 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Until World War II, the village was home to a Jewish community, which numbered 479 souls in 18 ...
**
Hodod Hodod ( hu, Hadad, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Kriegsdorf) is a commune of 3,209 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Geography The commune lies in the extreme southeast of Sat ...
** Homoroade ** Lazuri **
Medieșu Aurit Medieșu Aurit ( hu, Aranyosmeggyes ) is a commune of 7,299 residents in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: The commune is located on the right bank of the Someș River, in the eastern part of the county, at a distance ...
**
Micula Micula ( hu, Mikola, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 5,214 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Bercu Nou (''Újberek''), Micula and Micula Nouă (''Újmikola''). Demographics Ethnic grou ...
**
Moftin Moftin ( hu, Kismajtény, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Kleinmaitingen) is a commune of 4,328 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. Its center is Moftinu Mic, and the commune is composed of seven villages: The commune is locate ...
**
Odoreu Odoreu ( hu, Szatmárudvari, ) is a commune of 4,800 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Berindan (''Berend''), Cucu, Eteni, Mărtinești (''Krasznaszentmárton''), Odoreu and Vânătorești (''Gombá ...
**
Orașu Nou Orașu Nou ( hu, Avasújváros; Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 7,100 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: The villages of Racșa and Racșa-Vii were part of Orașu Nou from 1925 to 1949 ...
** Păulești ** Petrești ** Pir **
Pișcolt Pișcolt ( hu, Piskolt, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a Communes of Romania, commune of 3,285 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Pișcolt, Resighea (''Reszege'') and Scărișoara Nouă ('' ...
**
Pomi Pomi ( hu, Remetemező; Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 2,365 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It ...
** Porumbești ** Racşa **
Sanislău Sanislău ( hu, Szaniszló, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Stanislau) is a commune of 4,986 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Horea (''Károlyipuszta''), Marna Nouă (''Újmárna'') and Sanisl ...
** Santău ** Săcășeni ** Săuca **
Socond Socond ( hu, Nagyszokond, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Grossokond) is a commune of 2,630 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, ...
**
Supur Supur ( hu, Alsószopor; Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 4,712 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Crișana, Romania. Its administrative centre is Supuru de Jos, and the commune is composed of seven villages: Demographics Ethni ...
**
Tarna Mare Tarna Mare ( hu, Nagytarna; Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 4,435 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, ...
**
Terebești Terebești ( hu, Krasznaterebes, pronounced: ) is a commune of 1,647 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, a ...
**
Tiream Tiream ( hu, Mezőterem, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Terem) is a commune of 2,375 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Portița (''Portelek''), Tiream and Vezendiu (''Vezend''). Demographics E ...
** Târșolț **
Turț Turț ( hu, Turc, pronounced ) is a commune of 6,579 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Gherța Mare (''Nagygérce''), Turț and Turț-Băi (''Turcfürdő''). The commune is located in the northe ...
**
Turulung Turulung ( hu, Túrterebes, ; rue, Туртеребеш) is a commune of 3,910 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Drăgușeni (''Túrterebestelep''), Turulung and Turulung-Vii (''Túrterebesszőlő ...
**
Urziceni Urziceni () is a city in Ialomița County, Muntenia, Romania, located around 60 km north-east of Bucharest. It has a population of 14,053: 93.1% Romanians, 4.6% Roma and 1.6% Hungarians. Demographics As the census of 2011 results show ...
**
Valea Vinului Valea Vinului ( hu, Szamosborhíd, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 2,334 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Măriuș (''Mogyorós''), Roșiori (''Szamosveresmart''), Sâi (''Szinfalu'') a ...
** Vetiș **
Viile Satu Mare Viile Satu Mare ( hu, Szatmárhegy, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune of 2,356 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Demographics Ethnic groups (2002 census):Vama


Historical county

Historically, the county was located in the northwestern part of
Greater Romania The term Greater Romania ( ro, România Mare) usually refers to the borders of the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period, achieved after the Great Union. It also refers to a pan-nationalist idea. As a concept, its main goal is the creation ...
, stretching to its borders with
Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
and Hungary. Its territory lay in the historical
Crișana Crișana ( hu, Körösvidék, german: Kreischgebiet) is a geographical and historical region in north-western Romania, named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Roma ...
region. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the northwest by Hungary, on the north by Czechoslovakia, to the east by
Maramureș County Maramureș County () is a county (județ) in Romania, in the Maramureș region. The county seat is Baia Mare. Name In Hungarian language, Hungarian it is known as ''Máramaros megye'', in Ukrainian language, Ukrainian as Мараморо́щ ...
, to the southeast by
Someș County Someș County is one of the historic counties of Transylvania, Romania. The county seat was Dej. In 1938, the county was disestablished and incorporated into the newly formed Ținutul Crișuri, but it was re-established in 1940 after the fall of ...
, and to the south and southwest by
Sălaj County Sălaj County () (also known as ''Land of Silvania'', ''silva, -ae'' means "forest") is a county ('' județ'') of Romania, located in the north-west of the country, in the historical regions of Crișana and Transylvania. It is bordered to the nort ...
. Currently, its territory is included in the current counties of Satu Mare and
Maramureș Maramureș or Marmaroshchyna ( ro, Maramureș ; uk, Мармарощина, Marmaroshchyna; hu, Máramaros) is a geographical, historical and cultural region in northern Romania and western Ukraine. It is situated in the northeastern Carpath ...
.


Administration

In 1930, the county was divided into eight districts ('' plăși''):Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Satu Mare
/ref> #Plasa Arded (headquartered at Arded) #Plasa Baia Mare (headquartered at
Baia Mare Baia Mare ( , ; hu, Nagybánya; german: Frauenbach or Groß-Neustadt; la, Rivulus Dominarum) is a municipality along the Săsar River, in northwestern Romania; it is the capital of Maramureș County. The city lies in the region of Maramureș ...
) #Plasa Mănăștur (headquartered at
Mănăștur Mănăștur ( hu, Kolozsmonostor; german: Abtsdorf) is a district of the Romanian city of Cluj-Napoca, which has been a part of the city since 1895. Its population as of 2007 was of approximately 126,600. History Middle Ages Mănăștur is ho ...
) #Plasa Oașiu (headquartered at Oașiu) #Plasa Satu Mare (headquartered at
Satu Mare Satu Mare (; hu, Szatmárnémeti ; german: Sathmar; yi, סאטמאר or ) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the ...
) #Plasa Seini (headquartered at
Seini Seini (German: ''Leuchtenburg''; Hungarian: ''Szinérváralja'') is a town in Maramureș County, Romania. It administers two villages, Săbișa (''Kissebespatak'') and Viile Apei (''Apahegy''). It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of ...
) #Plasa Șomcuta Mare (headquartered at
Șomcuta Mare Șomcuta Mare ( hu, Nagysomkút; german: Großhorn) is a town in Maramureș County, Romania. The town administers seven villages: Buciumi (''Törökfalu''), Buteasa (''Bucsonfalva''), Ciolt (''Csolt''), Codru Butesii (''Kodrulytelep''), Finteușu ...
) #Plasa Ugocea (headquartered at Ugocea) The county included the city of
Satu Mare Satu Mare (; hu, Szatmárnémeti ; german: Sathmar; yi, סאטמאר or ) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in the ...
(the county seat) and the urban communes
Baia Mare Baia Mare ( , ; hu, Nagybánya; german: Frauenbach or Groß-Neustadt; la, Rivulus Dominarum) is a municipality along the Săsar River, in northwestern Romania; it is the capital of Maramureș County. The city lies in the region of Maramureș ...
and
Baia Sprie Baia Sprie (; hu, Felsőbánya, german: Mittelstadt) is a town in Maramureș County, northern Romania. Baia Sprie is situated at a distance of from Baia Mare. The town administers three villages: Chiuzbaia (''Kisbánya''), Satu Nou de Sus (''F ...
.


History

Prior to
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, the territory of the county belonged to
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
and mostly was contained in the
Szatmár County Szatmár County ( hu, Szatmár vármegye ) was an administrative county (Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary), comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, situated south of the river Tisza. Most of its territory is now divided between Romania and Hungary, w ...
of the
Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...
. In the aftermath of the war and the ensuing
Hungarian–Romanian War The Hungarian–Romanian War was fought between Hungary and Romania from 13 November 1918 to 3 August 1919. The conflict had a complex background, with often contradictory motivations for the parties involved. The Allies of World War I intended ...
, the
Romanian Army The Romanian Land Forces ( ro, Forțele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. In recent years, full professionalisation and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the Lan ...
entered the county in early 1919, and its administration passed to the
Kingdom of Romania The Kingdom of Romania ( ro, Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed in Romania from 13 March ( O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian ...
. The territory of Satu Mare County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in June 1920 under the
Treaty of Trianon The Treaty of Trianon (french: Traité de Trianon, hu, Trianoni békeszerződés, it, Trattato del Trianon) was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference and was signed in the Grand Trianon château in ...
. In 1938,
King Carol II Carol II (4 April 1953) was King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his forced abdication on 6 September 1940. The eldest son of Ferdinand I, he became crown prince upon the death of his grand-uncle, King Carol I in 1914. He was the first of t ...
promulgated a new
Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When ...
, and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ''ținuturi'' (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by ''rezidenți regali'' (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") - appointed directly by the King - instead of the
prefects Prefect (from the Latin ''praefectus'', substantive adjectival form of ''praeficere'': "put in front", meaning in charge) is a magisterial title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area. A prefect's ...
. Satu Mare County became part of
Ținutul Crișuri Ținutul Crișuri (or Ținutul Someș) was one of the ten ''ținuturi'' ("lands") of Romania, founded in 1938 after King of Romania, King Carol II of Romania, Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution of Romania, ...
. At the end of August 1940, the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of
Northern Transylvania Northern Transylvania ( ro, Transilvania de Nord, hu, Észak-Erdély) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the August 1940 territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of ...
under the
Second Vienna Award The Second Vienna Award, also known as the Vienna Diktat, was the second of two territorial disputes that were arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. On 30 August 1940, they assigned the territory of Northern Transylvania, including all ...
. In October 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory, with the
Battle of Carei The Battle of Carei was the last stage of recovering Romania's former territory of Northern Transylvania, ceded in 1940 to Hungary as a result of the Second Vienna Award. The battle occurred towards the end of World War II, in the wider contex ...
marking the complete reintegration of Northern Transylvania into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the
Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 The Paris Peace Treaties (french: Traités de Paris) were signed on 10 February 1947 following the end of World War II in 1945. The Paris Peace Conference lasted from 29 July until 15 October 1946. The victorious wartime Allied powers (princi ...
. The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950, and its territory became part of
Baia Mare Region Regiunea Baia Mare (Baia Mare Region) was one of the newly established (in 1950) administrative divisions of the People's Republic of Romania, copied after the Soviet style of territorial organization. History The capital of the region was Bai ...
, which in turn was renamed the Maramureș Region in 1960. Satu Mare County was re-established in 1968, when Romania restored the county administrative system.


Population

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 294,875, 60.5% Romanians, 25.2% Hungarians, 8.1% Jews, 3.2% Germans, as well as other minorities.Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 394-401 From a religious point of view, the population consisted of 59.0% Greek Catholics, 15.0% Roman Catholics, 8.6% Jewish, 4.4% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 718-721


Urban population

In 1930, the county's urban population was 69,526 inhabitants, 41.9% Hungarians, 35.0% Romanians, 18.6% Jews, 1.6% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban area, Hungarian dominated (55.6%), followed by Romanian (31.1%), Yiddish (10.6%), German (1.4%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 33.7% Greek Catholics, 23.0% Reformed, 20.0% Jewish, 19.6% Roman Catholic, 2.9% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.


See also

*
Satmar (Hasidic dynasty) Satmar (Yiddish: סאַטמאַר, Hebrew: סאטמר) is a Hasidic group founded in 1905 by Grand Rebbe Joel Teitelbaum, in the city of Szatmárnémeti, Hungary (now Satu Mare in Romania). The group is an offshoot of the Sighet Hasidic dynast ...
, a Jewish religious group named after this place *
Szatmár County Szatmár County ( hu, Szatmár vármegye ) was an administrative county (Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary), comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, situated south of the river Tisza. Most of its territory is now divided between Romania and Hungary, w ...
of the
Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...


References


External links

* * {{Authority control Counties of Romania Hungarian communities in Romania 1925 establishments in Romania 1938 disestablishments in Romania 1944 establishments in Romania 1950 disestablishments in Romania 1968 establishments in Romania States and territories established in 1925 States and territories disestablished in 1938 States and territories established in 1944 States and territories disestablished in 1950 States and territories established in 1968