Sattal or Sat Tal (Hindi for "seven lakes") is an interconnected group of seven freshwater lakes situated in the Lower Himalayan Range near

Bhimtal Bhimtal ( Kumaoni: ''Bhīmtāl'') is a town and a nagar panchayat, near Nainital city in Nainital district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is situated at an altitude of 1370 meters above sea level and is about 22 kilometers from Nainita ...

, a town of the

Nainital district Nainital district is a district in Kumaon division which is a part of Uttarakhand state in India. The headquarters is at Nainital. Nainital District is located in Kumaon Division, and is located in the lower Himalayas. Haldwani is the larges ...

Uttarakhand Uttarakhand ( , or ; , ), also known as Uttaranchal ( ; the official name until 2007), is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the "Devbhumi" (literally 'Land of the Gods') due to its religious significance and ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

. During the

British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was him ...

, the area had a tea plantation, one of four in the Kumaon area at that time.A tea garden at Sath Tal, 1895 photograph
''

British Library The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and is one of the largest libraries in the world. It is estimated to contain between 170 and 200 million items from many countries. As a legal deposit library, the Briti ...

'' The lakes sit at an altitude of 1370 metres below lush orchards in the Mehragaon valley. Set amongst dense forests of oak and

pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family (biology), family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The World Flora Online created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanic ...

trees, Sattal is one of the few unspoiled and unpolluted

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does incl ...

biome A biome () is a biogeographical unit consisting of a biological community that has formed in response to the physical environment in which they are found and a shared regional climate. Biomes may span more than one continent. Biome is a broader ...

s in India. These lakes are a paradise for

migratory birds Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting b ...

. It is home to a few camps being operated mostly by local people catering to tourists looking for outdoor vacations.

Geology and physiography

Sattal is situated in the Lower Himalayan Range and is the result of

tectonic Tectonics (; ) are the processes that control the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time. These include the processes of mountain building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents ...

activities and the uplifting of

sediment Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles. For example, sand ...

s between the

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ) is a region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as Monpa people, ...

an plain and the

Indo-Gangetic plains The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the North Indian River Plain, is a fertile plain encompassing northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, including most of northern and eastern India, around half of Pakistan, virtually all of Bangla ...

. The rocks are mainly

sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particle ...

and

quartzite Quartzite is a hard, non- foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone.Essentials of Geology, 3rd Edition, Stephen Marshak, p 182 Sandstone is converted into quartzite through heating and pressure usually related to tec ...

. Physiographically the area can be divided into lower Himalayas and terraces.

Ecology

Sattal is an ecologically fragile mesotrophic group of lakes and under the impact of heavy

environmental degradation Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as quality of air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution. It is defin ...

. Extensive

deforestation Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated ...

, dumping of non-biodegradable waste, uncontrolled

urbanization Urbanization (or urbanisation) refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. It is predominantly th ...

of the catchments and nearby forest is harming the ecology of the area. This results in scanty rainfall, a decrease in the number of plant and animal species and rapid drying up of

perennial A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widel ...

springs. The lakes also suffer from a reduced oxygen content and high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Poaching has eliminated many wild animals. Khudariya Tal became Sukha Tal (Dry Lake) due to the leakage of water from its western extremity. An extensive growth of invasive plants such as ''

Lantana ''Lantana'' () is a genus of about 150 species of perennial flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. They are native to tropical regions of the Americas and Africa but exist as an introduced species in numerous areas, especially in ...

'', ''

Parthenium ''Parthenium'' is a genus of North American shrubs in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae and subfamily Asteroideae. The name ''Parthenium'' is an evolution of the Ancient Greek name παρθένιον (''parthenion''), which re ...

'' and ''

Eichhornia ''Eichhornia'', commonly called water hyacinths, was a polyphyletic genus of the aquatic flowering plants family Pontederiaceae. Since it was consistently recovered in three independent lineages, it has been sunk into '' Pontederia'', togethe ...

'' is also endangering the ecological survival of the lakes.

Flora and fauna

Biological diversity

Sattal is unique for its

biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic ('' genetic variability''), species ('' species diversity''), and ecosystem ('' ecosystem diversity'') ...

and ecological amplitude. It is known to be a birding paradise and supports a number of local and migratory birdlife. It has 500 species of resident and migratory birds, 20 species of mammals, over 525 species of butterflies and over 11,000 species of moths, beetles, bugs and other insects. The flora covers a wide and diverse range of plants ranging from

Bryophytes The Bryophyta s.l. are a proposed taxonomic division containing three groups of non-vascular land plants ( embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts and mosses. Bryophyta s.s. consists of the mosses only. They are characteristically limited ...

orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of floweri ...

s, rare climbing plants,

fern A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes exce ...

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately fr ...

, medicinal herbs and shrubs. Each individual lake has its own unique

Diatom A diatom ( Neo-Latin ''diatoma''), "a cutting through, a severance", from el, διάτομος, diátomos, "cut in half, divided equally" from el, διατέμνω, diatémno, "to cut in twain". is any member of a large group comprising se ...

index. The Trophic Diatom Index uses the composition of freshwater diatom assemblages to assess water quality and ecological status.

Birds

Verditer Flycatcher at sattal DSCN0403 1

The unique avian fauna of Sattal includes

red-billed blue magpie The red-billed blue magpie (''Urocissa erythroryncha'') is a species of bird in the crow family, Corvidae. It is about the same size as the Eurasian magpie, but has a much longer tail, one of the longest of any corvid. It is long and weighs . T ...

kingfishers Kingfishers are a family, the Alcedinidae, of small to medium-sized, brightly colored birds in the order Coraciiformes. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species found in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Oceania, ...

, blue-throated and brown-headed

barbets Barbet may refer to: * Barbet (dog), a dog breed * Various birds in the infraorder Ramphastides ** African barbet, part of the bird family Lybiidae ** New World barbet, the bird family Capitonidae ** Asian barbet, the bird family Megalaimidae ** ...

, lineated barbet, golden-throated barbet, crimson-fronted barbet, coppersmith barbet plum-headed parakeet,

slaty-headed parakeet The slaty-headed parakeet (''Psittacula himalayana'') is the only psittacid species to exhibit altitudinal migration. The species' range extends from Pakistan, to Western Himalayas in India through Nepal and Bhutan and up to the Eastern Himalayas ...

, chestnut bellied rock thrush, tits,

babbler Babbler may refer to: * Old World babbler, a large family of mostly Old World passerine birds * Australo-Papuan babbler, passerine birds endemic to Australia-New Guinea * Babbler (software), a French software company * Babbler (''Dungeons & Dr ...

jungle owlet The jungle owlet (''Glaucidium radiatum'') or barred jungle owlet is native to the Indian Subcontinent. The species is often found singly, in pairs or small groups and they are usually detected by their calls at dawn and dusk. There are two subsp ...

, pied

woodpecker Woodpeckers are part of the bird family Picidae, which also includes the piculets, wrynecks, and sapsuckers. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Madagascar, and the extreme polar regions ...

, brown-capped pygmy woodpecker, grey-capped pygmy woodpecker, brown-fronted woodpecker, stripe-breasted woodpecker, yellow-crowned woodpecker, rufous-bellied woodpecker, crimson-breasted woodpecker, Himalayan woodpecker, lesser yellownape woodpecker, greater yellow-naped woodpecker, streak-throated woodpecker, grey-headed woodpecker, scaly-bellied woodpecker, common flameback woodpecker, Indian tree

pies A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients. Sweet pies may be filled with fruit (as in an apple pie), nuts ( pecan pie), brown sugar ( sugar pie), sweet ...

, blue whistling-thrush,

lammergeier The bearded vulture (''Gypaetus barbatus''), also known as the lammergeier and ossifrage, is a very large bird of prey and the only member of the genus ''Gypaetus''. Traditionally considered an Old World vulture, it actually forms a separate m ...

Himalayan griffon The Himalayan vulture (''Gyps himalayensis'') or Himalayan griffon vulture is an Old World vulture native to the Himalayas and the adjoining Tibetan Plateau. It is one of the two largest Old World vultures and true raptors. It is listed as Near ...

crested serpent eagle The crested serpent eagle (''Spilornis cheela'') is a medium-sized bird of prey that is found in forested habitats across tropical Asia. Within its widespread range across the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia and East Asia, there are considera ...

, flycatchers,

Kalij pheasant The kalij pheasant (''Lophura leucomelanos'') is a pheasant found in forests and thickets, especially in the Himalayan foothills, from Pakistan to western Thailand. Males are rather variable depending on the subspecies involved, but all have at ...

, dollarbird, leaf birds,

flowerpecker The flowerpeckers are a family, Dicaeidae, of passerine birds. The family comprises two genera, ''Prionochilus'' and ''Dicaeum'', with 50 species in total. The family has sometimes been included in an enlarged sunbird family Nectariniidae. The ...

, purple sunbird, brown headed stork-billed kingfisher, stork-billed kingfisher, crested kingfisher, white-throated kingfisher, pied kingfisher, common kingfisher, blue-eared kingfisher, Himalayan kingfisher, Mrs. Gould's

sunbird Sunbirds and spiderhunters make up the family Nectariniidae of passerine birds. They are small, slender passerines from the Old World, usually with downward-curved bills. Many are brightly coloured, often with iridescent feathers, particularly ...

, green-tailed sunbird, black-throated sunbird, black-breasted sunbird, crimson sunbird, fire-tailed sunbird, thick-billed

, plain-leaf flowerpecker, fire-breasted flowerpecker, russet sparrow, rufous babbler, black-headed jay,

scaly-breasted cupwing The scaly-breasted cupwing or scaly-breasted wren-babbler (''Pnoepyga albiventer'') is a species of bird in the Pnoepyga wren-babblers family, Pnoepygidae. It is found in southern and eastern Asia from the Himalayas to Indochina. Taxonomy and s ...

, black-capped sibia, blue

whistling thrush The whistling thrushes comprise a genus ''Myophonus'' (''Myiophoneus'') of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. They are all medium-sized mostly insectivorous or omnivorous birds. They are all brightly coloured species found in India an ...

, finches,

mountain hawk eagle The mountain hawk-eagle (''Nisaetus nipalensis'') or Hodgson's hawk-eagle, is a large bird of prey native to Asia. The latter name is in reference to the naturalist, Brian Houghton Hodgson, who described the species after collecting one himself ...

, black eagle,

Eurasian jay The Eurasian jay (''Garrulus glandarius'') is a species of passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It has pinkish brown plumage with a black stripe on each side of a whitish throat, a bright blue panel on the upper wing and a black tail. The ...

, white-rumped needletail, black-headed jay, black-lored, black-throated tits, black bulbul, ashy-throated warblers, black-chinned babbler, rufous-breasted accentor, red-billed blue magpie, grey-winged blackbird, Eurasian griffon, common buzzard, black-chinned babbler, pink-browed rosefinch, common wood pigeon ('' Columba palumbus''), slaty-headed parakeet (''

Psittacula himalayana The slaty-headed parakeet (''Psittacula himalayana'') is the only psittacid species to exhibit altitudinal migration. The species' range extends from Pakistan, to Western Himalayas in India through Nepal and Bhutan and up to the Eastern Himala ...

''), laughingthrush ('' Garrulax leucolophus''), chestnut-tailed minla ('' Actinodura strigula''), lemon-rumped warblers ('' Phylloscopus chloronotus''), and many more.

Fish

Sattal has many different varieties of fish. Mahseers ('' Tor tor'' and ''Tor putitora'') are found here in large numbers. ''

Labeo rohita The rohu, rui, ruhi or roho labeo (''Labeo rohita'') is a species of fish of the Cyprinidae, carp family, found in rivers in South Asia. It is a large omnivore and extensively used in aquaculture. Description The rohu is a large, silver-col ...

'', ''Cirrhinus mrigala'', ''Schizothorax richardsonii'' and '' Catla catla'' are some of the other fish found in the lakes.

Butterflies and moths

Some of the butterflies found at Sattal includes Indian Fritillary (''

Argynnis hyperbius The Indian fritillary (''Argynnis hyperbius'') is a species of butterfly of the nymphalid or brush-footed family. It is usually found from south and southeast Asia to Australia. Description Male: Upperside: forewing rich orange yellow, hindwi ...

''), Peacock Pansy ('' Junonia almana''), Blue Peacock (''

Papilio arcturus ''Papilio arcturus'', the blue peacock, is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent. Description Male has the upper wings brownish black, somewhat paler on the forewing than on the hindwing. Forewing irrorated (sprin ...

''), Paris Peacock (''

Papilio paris ''Papilio paris'', the Paris peacock(Myanmar name: ဒေါင်းစိမ်းလိပ်ပြာ), is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia. Subspecies *''P. p. arjuna'' Horsfield, 182 ...

''), Red-base Jazebel ('' Delias pasithoe''), Red lacewing (''

Cethosia biblis ''Cethosia biblis'', the red lacewing, is a species of heliconiine butterfly belonging to the family Nymphalidae. Subspecies * ''C. b. biblis'' - Assam, central India – south-western China * ''C. b. insularis'' C. & R. Felder, 1861 - Philipp ...

''), Yellow Pansy ('' Junonia hierta''), Tawny Rajah (''

Charaxes bernardus ''Charaxes bernardus'', the tawny rajah, is a butterfly that belongs to the rajahs and nawabs group, that is, the Charaxinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family. This species can be found in India, China, Indomalaya, and onwards to Indo ...

''), Red Helen (''

Papilio helenus ''Papilio helenus'', the red Helen, is a large swallowtail butterfly found in forests of southern India and parts of southeast Asia. Range ''Papilio helenus'' is rarely found in Sri Lanka, southern and north-east India, Nepal, Bhutan, Banglades ...

''), Large silverstripe ('' Argynnis childreni''), Indian oakleaf (''

Kallima inachus ''Kallima inachus'', the orange oakleaf, Indian oakleaf or dead leaf, is a nymphalid butterfly found in Tropical Asia from India to Japan. With wings closed, it closely resembles a dry leaf with dark veins and is a commonly cited example of camo ...

'') and thousands of others. The forests also homes one of the largest moth in the world, the Atlas moth (''

Attacus atlas ''Attacus atlas'', the Atlas moth, is a large saturniid moth endemic to the forests of Asia. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. Description The Atlas moth is one of the largest ...

'') . The Atlas moth is one of the largest lepidopterans, with a wingspan measuring up to 24 cm (9.4 in) and a wing surface area of about 160 cm² (~25 in²). It is only surpassed in wingspan by the

white witch Jadis is the main antagonist of ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' (1950) and ''The Magician's Nephew'' (1955) in C. S. Lewis's series, ''The Chronicles of Narnia''. She is commonly referred to as the White Witch in ''The Lion, the Witch and ...

(Thysania agrippina) and

Attacus caesar ''Attacus caesar'' is a moth in the family Saturniidae. It is found in the southern Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Rep ...

, and in wing surface area by the

Hercules moth ''Coscinocera hercules'', the Hercules moth, is a moth of the family Saturniidae, endemic to New Guinea and northern Australia. The species was first described by William Henry Miskin in 1876. Description Adults have a wingspan of about , mak ...

(Coscinocera hercules). As in most Lepidoptera, females are noticeably larger and heavier than males, while males have broader antennae.''

Adventure and excursions

Butterfly museum

There is a butterfly museum built by Frederic Smetacek Sr at Jones Estate, now Peter Smatacek is continuing the research, which has over 2500 butterfly and moth specimens and 1100 species of insects that are found in this region.

Sattal Mission Estate and Methodist Ashram

The ''Sattal Christian

Ashram An ashram ( sa, आश्रम, ) is a spiritual hermitage or a monastery in Indian religions. Etymology The Sanskrit noun is a thematic nominal derivative from the root 'toil' (<

E. Stanley Jones Eli Stanley Jones (1884–1973) was an American Methodist Christian missionary, theologian, and author. He is remembered chiefly for his interreligious lectures to the educated classes in India, thousands of which were held across the Indian s ...

(1884-1973), the evangelist and missionary. This Christian Ashram is situated on the banks of Sattal lakes, on a former tea estate. St. John's Church is part of this ashram and showcases a mixed colonial architecture. There is also a Sattal Christian Ashram chapel situated nearby. It was established in 1930 to introduce Christianity into the Kumaun region of Uttarakhand.

Subhash Dhara

There is a natural spring of fresh water arising out of dense oak forest west of Sattal that leads to a waterfall beyond the Sukhatal also known as the Bharat tal.

Seven Lakes Of Sattal

*''Panna Tal'' or ''Garud Tal'' *''Naldamyanti Tal'' *''Hanuman Tal'' *''Sita Tal'' *''Ram Tal'' *''Laxman Tal'' *''Sukha Tal'' or ''Bharat Tal''

Image of birds species at Sattal

Image:1.Kalij pheasant male.jpg, Kalij pheasant male Image:1.Chestnut Headed Tesia (cropped).jpg, Chestnut Headed Tesia Image:Long-tailed Broadbill scientific name Psarisomus dalhousiae at Sattal on 21st April 2017 DSCN2024 1.jpg, Long-tailed Broadbill Image:Oriental white-eye scientific name Zosterops palpebrosus DSCN1787 1.jpg, Oriental white-eye Image:Ultramarine flycatcher at Sattal DSCN1699-1.jpg, Ultramarine flycatcher Image:White-throated fantail scientific name Rhipidura albicollis at Sattal DSCN0829 1.jpg, White-throated fantail Image:Grey-hooded warbler at Sattal DSCN1678-11.jpg, Grey-hooded warbler Image:Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides DSCN1768-1.jpg, Greenish Warbler Image:Grey Bushchat at Sattal India DSCN9911 1.jpg, Grey Bushchat Image:Himalayan Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys at sattal DSCN0452 1.jpg,

Himalayan Bulbul The Himalayan bulbul (''Pycnonotus leucogenys''), or white-cheeked bulbul, is a species of songbird in the bulbul family found in Central and South Asia. Taxonomy and systematics The Himalayan bulbul is considered to belong to a superspecies ...

Image:Mountain Bulbul at Sattal DSCN9224 1.tif,

Mountain Bulbul The mountain bulbul (''Ixos mcclellandii'') is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is often placed in ''Hypsipetes'', but seems to be closer to the type species of the genus ''Ixos'', the Sunda bulbul.Gregory, Steven M. (200 ...

Image:Indian paradise flycatcher at sattal DSCN1166 1.jpg,

Indian paradise flycatcher The Indian paradise flycatcher (''Terpsiphone paradisi'') is a medium-sized passerine bird native to Asia, where it is widely distributed. As the global population is considered stable, it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List sin ...

Image:Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus at Sattal DSCN0314 1.jpg,

Jungle Myna The jungle myna (''Acridotheres fuscus'') is a myna, a member of the starling family. It is found patchily distributed across much of the mainland of the Indian Subcontinent but absent in the arid zones of India. It is easily recognized by the t ...

Image:Oriental Magpie-Robin Copsychus saularis DSCN0961 1.jpg,

Oriental Magpie-Robin The Oriental magpie-robin (''Copsychus saularis'') is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but now considered an Old World flycatcher. They are distinctive black and white birds with a lon ...

Image:Rufous-chinned Laughingthrush Garrulax rufogularis at Sattal DSCN0098 1.jpg, Rufous-chinned Laughingthrush Image:White-throated Laughingthrush scientific name Garrulax albogularis at sattal DSCN1812 1.jpg, White-throated Laughingthrush Image:Red-billed leiothrix scientific name Leiothrix lutea DSCN1204 11.jpg,

Red-billed leiothrix The red-billed leiothrix (''Leiothrix lutea'') is a member of the family Leiothrichidae, native to southern China and the Himalayas. Adults have bright red bills and a dull yellow ring around their eyes. Their backs are dull olive green, and th ...

Image:Slaty-headed parakeet scientific name Psittacula himalayana at Sattal DSCN9303 11.tif,

Slaty-headed parakeet The slaty-headed parakeet (''Psittacula himalayana'') is the only psittacid species to exhibit altitudinal migration. The species' range extends from Pakistan, to Western Himalayas in India through Nepal and Bhutan and up to the Eastern Himalayas ...

Image:Great Barbet - Sattal.jpg,

Great Barbet The great barbet (''Psilopogon virens'') is an Asian barbet native to the Indian sub-continent and Southeast Asia, where it inhabits foremost forests up to altitude. It has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2004 because of ...

Image:Common Emerald Dove at Sattal DSCN0805 1.jpg,

Common Emerald Dove The common emerald dove (''Chalcophaps indica''), also called Asian emerald dove and grey-capped emerald dove, is a widespread resident breeding pigeon native to the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. ...

Image:Verditer Flycatcher female at Sattal DSCN9069.tif, Verditer Flycatcher Female Image:Wagtail 01.jpg, Wagtail

Nearby Places of Interest

*Town of

Bhowali Bhowali ( Kumaoni: ''Bhoāli'') is a town and a municipal board in Nainital District in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is situated at a distance of from the city of Nainital, the district headquarters; at an average elevation of from sea l ...

* NaukuchiaTal (Nine-Cornered Lake) * Ghorakhal *

Golu Devata ''Golu Devta'' ( Kumaoni: गोलज्यू) is the God of Uttarakhand state of India and is their deity. The Chitai Golu devta temple is the most celebrated temple dedicated to the deity and is about from the main gate of Binsar wildlife ...

Temple *

Nainital Nainital ( Kumaoni: ''Naintāl''; ) is a city and headquarters of Nainital district of Kumaon division, Uttarakhand, India. It is the judicial capital of Uttarakhand, the High Court of the state being located there and is the headquarters o ...

References

External links

Sattal at FindindiaSattal at WikimapiaQuick facts about Sattalbirding at Sattal
{{Hydrography of Uttarakhand Lakes of Uttarakhand Nainital district