Sarandoy

The Sarandoy or Tsarandoi (Pashto:څارندوی - "Defenders (of the Revolution)") were a militarized gendarmerie force of the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in the 1980s,Craig Karp, (March 1988), US Department of State Bulletin. during the Soviet–Afghan War.

History

Successor of the former Afghan Regional Gendarmerie, the Sarandoy were raised in 1978 with an initial strength of 30,000–35,000 officers and enlisted men, intended to be used on internal security duties.

The Soviet MVD Kobalt unit was responsible for providing training assistance to Sarandoy officers from 1980/1981.https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2011/RAND_MG1078.pdf 5,000 Soviet advisors were brought to Afghanistan to assist in training.

The unit was disbanded by 1992 after the start of the Afghan Civil War due to mass cases of desertion.

Lack of cooperation

The Sarandoy was subjected to internal politics of the ruling PDPA, as its forces were controlled by the ''Khalq'' faction, opposed to the ''Parcham'' faction which controlled the KHAD intelligence service. Accordingly, armed clashes occurred on occasion between the Sarandoy and the KHAD.

In some instances, the Sarandoy's assets were mobilized against pro-Parcham factions.

Missions

The Sarandoy were tasked to provide support for Soviet and Afghan forces during anti-guerrilla operations. They were also tasked to arrest any deserters and ensure conscription compliance. The unit was tasked to investigate and join in operations to arrest anyone deemed to enemies of the government.

From 1985, the Sarandoy were tasked to protect economic assets such as oil fields and gas pipelines. When the Soviets started to leave Afghanistan, they were used to provide security during humanitarian missions and were seen speaking to locals about the purpose of these missions.

A Russian source mentioned that Sarandoy personnel moonlighted as bodyguards under ''orders'' from Gulabzoy.

Organization

Placed under the control of the Ministry of Interior Affairs, the Sarandoy was commanded by the Minister of Interior General Sayed Mohammad Gulabzoy, a former Afghan Air Force officer. At one point, the Sarandoy fielded some 115,000 men, compared to the Afghan Army's 160,000, while at other times the Sarandoy were said to exceed the Army. The unit grew its size in respond to the rise of the mujahideen insurgency.

Those who served in the Sarandoy were paid 162 dollars a month, a wage which was higher than that of Deputy Minister of National Defence before the April 1978 Saur Revolution and some of them would prove effective fighters, although many were little more than thugs.

Mark Urban wrote in 1988 that '...By 1985 there were 20 identified Sarandoy Operational Battalions and Mountain Battalions. They were attached to provincial Sarandoy commands and include armoured vehicles and light artillery. The Kabul Security Command controlled two mobile regiments (the 1st and 2nd)... A further four Sarandoy brigades/regiments have been identified in Badakhshan (24th Sarandoy Brigade), Kandahar, Baghlan and Parwan. At the beginning of 1986, operational control of some units passed to the new unified Ministry of State Security.

A number of previously Sarandoy units were eventually upgraded to Afghan Army formations, as part of the regularization of the militia. Among these units was the Isma'ili 80th Division in Baghlan Province.

While the Sarandoy were reported to be effective in fighting the mujahideen, Soviet military personnel reported concerns that they're likely to be infiltrated by mujahideen groups. In turn, this forces them to limit sharing whatever information they have to Sarandoy officers.

Training

Some prospective Sarandoy were chosen to be trained in the USSR.

List of commanders

* General Sayed Mohammad Gulabzoy
* General Mohammad Aslam Watanjar

See also

* Afghan Local Police (ALP)
* Defense of the Revolution (DotR)
* '' A Region in Turmoil: South Asian Conflicts since 1947'' by Rob Johnson

References

Bibliography

*
*
*
*
*
*
* {{cite book, last1=Zaloga, first1=Steven J., last2=Lucznak, first2=Wojciech, last3=Beldam, first3=Barry, title=Armor of the Afghanistan War, date=1992, publisher=Concord Publications, isbn=978-0333432648, location=Hong Kong

1980s in Afghanistan
Non-military counterinsurgency organizations
Paramilitary organisations based in Afghanistan
Collaborators with the Soviet Union
Government paramilitary forces
Defunct law enforcement agencies of Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Indigenous counterinsurgency forces