The sap beetles, also known as Nitidulidae, are a family of beetles. They are small (2–6 mm) ovoid, usually dull-coloured beetles, with knobbed antennae. Some have red or yellow spots or bands. They feed mainly on decaying vegetable matter, over-ripe fruit, and

sap Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant. These cells transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Sap is distinct from latex, resin, or cell sap; it is a separ ...

. Sap beetles coexist with fungi species and live in habitats of coniferous trees. They are found all across Europe and Siberia and are the biggest nutudulid species known in those areas. There are a few pest species. An example of a pest species is the strawberry sap beetle that infest crops in Brazil between the months of August and February. * the picnic beetle, ''Glischrochilus quadrisignatus'' * the dusky sap beetle, ''Carpophilus lugubris'' * the strawberry sap beetle, ''Stelidota geminata'' * the small hive beetle, ''Aethina tumida'' The oldest unambiguous fossils of the family date to the Early Cretaceous, belonging to the genus '' Crepuraea'' from the Aptian aged

Zaza Formation The Zaza Formation is a geological formation located in Buryatia (Russia). It dates to the Lower Cretaceous period. It is Aptian in age and consists of sandstones, siltstones, marls and bituminous shales, deposited in a stratified lake. It is s ...

of Russia.

Classification

The family includes these genera: * Subfamily Calonecrinae Kirejtshuk, 1982 * Subfamily Maynipeplinae Kirejtshuk, 1998 * Subfamily Epuraeinae Kirejtshuk, 1986 * Subfamily Carpophilinae Erichson, 1842 ** '' Carpophilus'' Stephens, 1830 ** '' Epuraea'' Erichson, 1843 ** '' Urophorus'' Murray, 1864 * Subfamily Amphicrossinae Kirejtshuk, 1986 * Subfamily Meligethinae Thomson, 1859 ** '' Meligethes'' Stephens, 1830 ** '' Pria'' Stephens, 1830 * Subfamily Nitidulinae Latreille, 1802 ** '' Amphotis'' Erichson, 1843 ** '' Cychramus'' Kugelann, 1794 ** '' Cyllodes'' Erichson, 1843 ** '' Ipidia'' Erichson, 1843 ** '' Nitidula'' Fabricius, 1775 ** '' Omosita'' Erichson, 1843 ** '' Physoronia'' Reitter, 1884 ** '' Pocadius'' Erichson, 1843 ** ''

Soronia ''Soronia'' is a genus of sap-feeding beetles in the family Nitidulidae. There are about 14 described species in ''Soronia''. Species These 14 species belong to the genus ''Soronia'': * '' Soronia borbonica'' Grouvelle, 1899 * '' Soronia dorr ...

'' Erichson, 1843 ** '' Thalycra'' Erichson, 1843 ** '' Tumida'' Murray, 1867 * Subfamily Cillaeinae Kirejtshuk & Audisio, 1986 ** '' Cillaeopeplus'' Sharp, 1908 * Subfamily Cryptarchinae Thomson, 1859 ** '' Cryptarcha'' Shuckard, 1839 ** '' Glischrochilus'' Reitter, 1873 ** '' Pityophagus'' Shuckard, 1839 * Subfamily Cybocephalinae Jacquelin du Val, 1858 (''now frequently elevated to family status as Cybocephalidae'') ** '' Cybocephalus'' Erichson, 1844 ** '' Pastillus'' Endrödy-Younga, 1962 * Subfamily Prometopinae ** '' Prometopia'' * ''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'' ** '' Apetinus'' ** '' Conotelus'' ** '' Cyrtostolus'' ** '' Eunitidula'' ** '' Eupetinus'' ** '' Gonioryctus'' ** '' Goniothorax'' ** '' Haptoncus'' ** '' Kateretes'' ** '' Nesapterus'' ** '' Nesopetinus'' ** '' Notopeplus'' ** '' Orthostolus'' ** '' Stelidota'' ** '' Urophorus''

References

External links

sap beetles of Florida
on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
Keys for the identification of British Nitidulidae (the pollen beetles)
{{Nitidulidae-stub