Sant'Eusebio is a

titular Titular may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Title character in a narrative work, the character referred to in its title Religion * Titular (Catholicism), a cardinal who holds a titulus, one of the main churches of Rome ** Titular bisho ...

church in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, devoted to Saint

Eusebius of Rome Eusebius of Rome (died ), the founder of the church on the Esquiline Hill in Rome that bears his name, is listed in the Roman Martyrology as one of the saints venerated on 14 August. Life Eusebius is said to have been a Roman patrician and pri ...

, a 4th-century martyr, and built in the Esquilino rione. One of the oldest churches in Rome, it is a titular church and the station church for the Friday after the fourth Sunday in Lent.

History

The church is said to have been built on the site of the house of the priest and confessor,

, who died c. 357. It is recorded as the ''Titulus Eusebii'' in the acts of the 499 synod. It is again mentioned in the acts of a council held in Rome under

Pope Symmachus Pope Symmachus (died 19 July 514) was the bishop of Rome from 22 November 498 to his death. His tenure was marked by a serious schism over who was elected pope by a majority of the Roman clergy. Early life He was born on the Mediterranean isla ...

in 498. The church was rebuilt by Pope Zacharias, and was consecrated "in honorem beatorum Eusebii et Vincentii" by

Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX ( la, Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decre ...

, after the restoration of 1238."Sant’Eusebio", Pontifical North American College
/ref> A plaque commemorating the rebuilding is located on the porch of the church. The Romanesque style, dating back to this restoration, survived to the restorations of the 17th, 18th, and 20th centuries. The church once belonged to the Celestines. The annexed monastery housed one of the first printing workshop in the city. In 1627, the monastery was raised from a priory to an abbey, but abolished in 1810. The order subsequently became extinct.Brookfield, Paul. "Celestine Order." The Catholic Encyclopedia
Vol. 16 (Index). New York: The Encyclopedia Press, 1914. 20 November 2015

Pope Leo XII Pope Leo XII ( it, Leone XII; born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga (; 2 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death ...

gave Sant'Eusebio to the Jesuits. After the Jesuits were expelled in 1873, the monastery was seized by the state, and Sant'Eusebio eventually became a parish church staffed by diocesan clergy. The small piazza outside the church hosts an annual blessing for the animals on the 17 January – the feast of St. Anthony the Abbot. The tradition dates back to 1437 and was transferred to Sant'Eusebio in the early 20th century from the nearby Church of Sant’Antonio Abate. The ''Titulus Sancti Eusebii'' is held by Cardinal

Daniel DiNardo Daniel Nicholas DiNardo (born May 23, 1949) is an American cardinal of the Catholic Church. He is the second and current archbishop of the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston in Houston serving since 2006. He previously served as bishop of the D ...

, Archbishop of Galveston-Houston in

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

, US.

Architecture

Roman ruins dating back to the second century have been discovered underneath the present building. It is first mentioned in 474, in an inscription in the catacombs of Saints Marcellino e Pietro. However, archeological remains suggest an original construction date of around the turn of the fifth century. Only the bell tower remains of Gregory IX's renovations. The five-arched portico was erected in 1711.

Interior

Sant'Eusebio interno 01 (Claudius Ziehr)

The interior is separated into a nave with two flanking aisles. The present design dates to 1600 work by Onorio Longhi, who restored the presbytery, main altar, and choir. The ceiling fresco is a neoclassical masterpiece of Anton Raphael Mengs depicting the ''Glory of Sant'Eusebio'' (1757). Other paintings in the church are attributed to Giuseppe Passeri (central nave window), Andreas Ruthart (choir, c. 1672), Baldassarre Croce (''Jesus, Mary, and Saints'' near the main altar), Cesare Rossetti (Crucifix at the main altar facing choir),

Pompeo Batoni Pompeo Girolamo Batoni (25 January 1708 – 4 February 1787) was an Italian painter who displayed a solid technical knowledge in his portrait work and in his numerous allegorical and mythological pictures. The high number of foreign visitors tra ...

(''Madonna and Bambino'' near main altar) and

Francesco Solimena Francesco Solimena (4 October 1657 – 3 April 1747) was a prolific Italian painter of the Baroque era, one of an established family of painters and draughtsmen. Biography Francesco Solimena was born in Canale di Serino in the province of ...

. The main altar has custody of the relics of St

, who is supposed to have commissioned and financed construction of the church in the 4th century.

List of Cardinal Priests

*Valentine (492 - 494) *Probian (494 - ?) *Bono (590 - ?) *Stephen (745 - 761) *Theopempt (761 - ?) *Lucian (827 ? - 853) *Lucinus (853 - ?) *

Robert of Paris Robert of Paris was the cardinal-presbyter of Sant'Eusebio from 1100 until his deposition in 1112. He was restored in 1119, but died shortly after. He served as an apostolic legate to the Holy Land in 1102 in the aftermath of the First Crusade, du ...

(1088 - 1112/5) *John, O.S.B. (c. 1114 - 1121) *Robert (1121 - 1123) * Pierre 1130–1130, pseudo-cardinal of the Antipope Anacletus II * Robert Pullen (c. 1142–46) * Raniero 1165-1178 * Ruggiero 1178-1221 * Nicolas de Fréauville, OP 15 March 1305 – 15 January 1323 * Raymond de Mostuejouls 28 December 1327 – 12 November 1335 *

Giovanni Visconti (archbishop of Milan) Giovanni Visconti (1290–1354) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, who was co-ruler in Milan and lord of other Italian cities. He also was a military leader who fought against Florence, and used force to capture and hold other cities. Biog ...

19 Jan 1329-5 Oct 1354 * Etienne de Poissy 22 September 1368 – 16 October 1373 *

Guglielmo Sanseverino Guglielmo () is the Italian form of the masculine name William. It may refer to: People with the given name Guglielmo: * Guglielmo I Gonzaga (1538–1587), Duke of Mantua and Montferrat * Guglielmo Achille Cavellini (1914–1990), influential It ...

18 September 1378 – 24 November 1378 * Francesco Moricotti Rignani Butillo November 1378-July 1380 *

Henry Beaufort Cardinal Henry Beaufort (c. 1375 – 11 April 1447), Bishop of Winchester, was an English prelate and statesman who held the offices of Bishop of Lincoln (1398) then Bishop of Winchester (1404) and was from 1426 a Cardinal of the Church of R ...

27 May 1426 – 11 July 1447 *

Astorgio Agnensi Astorgio Agnensi (1391–1451) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal, multiple papal governor and multiple Curiate official. Biography Astorgio Agnensi was born in Naples in 1391. He was elected Bishop of Mileto on 18 September 14 ...

3 January 1449 – 10 October 1451 * Richard Olivier de Longueil 16 March 1462 – 17 August 1470 * Oliviero Carafa 5 September 1470 – 24 July 1476; 24 July 1476 – 20 January 1511 *

Pietro Accolti Pietro Accolti (15 March 1455 – 11 December 1532), known as the "cardinal of Ancona", was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and judge of the Roman Rota. Life He was born in Florence on 15 March 1455, the son of the famous jurist Benedetto Accol ...

17 March 1511 – 18 December 1523; 18 December 1523 – 5 May 1527 * Benedetto Accolti 5 May 1527 – 27 August 1534; 30 August 1530 – 21 September 1549 *

Francisco Mendoza de Bobadilla Francisco Mendoza de Bobadilla (25 September 1508 – 1 December 156626 and 28 November and 3 December are also reported as dates of his death.) was a Spanish Roman Catholic Cardinal. Biography He was born in Cuenca, the son of Diego Hurtado de ...

28 February 1550 – 1 December 1566 * Antonio Carafa 5 April 1568 – 8 April 1573; 12 December 1583 – 28 November 1584 * Giulio Canani 28 November 1584 – 20 March 1591 * Camillo Borghese 21 June 1596 – 10 March 1599 * Arnaud d'Ossat 17 March 1559 – 13 March 1604 * Ferdinando Taverna 25 June 1604 – 29 August 1619 * Jean de Bonsi 3 March 1621 – 4 July 1621 *

Marcantonio Gozzadini Marcantonio Gozzadini (1574 – 1 September 1623) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. Biography He was born in Bologna into a patrician family. He was a cousin of Pope Gregory XV. He studied canon and civil law at the University of ...

30 August 1621 – 23 May 1623 * Giacomo Cavalieri 9 February 1626 – 28 January 1629 * Giovanni Battista Pamphilj 12 August 1630 – 15 September 1644Ott, Michael. "Pope Innocent X." The Catholic Encyclopedia
Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 30 November 2022 * Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni 17 October 1644 – 11 October 1655 *

Nicola Guidi di Bagno Nicola Guidi di Bagno or Nicolò Guidi di Bagno (Mantua, Italy, 1583) was a titular archbishop of Atenia, bishop of Senigallia, and a cardinal. He descended from a noble family. His brother Gianfrancesco Guidi di Bagno and his uncle Girolamo Co ...

23 April 1657 – 27 August 1663 *

Paolo Emilio Rondinini Paolo Emilio Rondinini (1617 – 16 September 1668) was an Italian people, Italian Catholicism, Catholic Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal. Early life and education Rondinini was born in 1617 to Alessandro Rondinini and Felice Zacchia. He was t ...

30 April 1668 – 16 September 1669 *

Carlo Gualterio Carlo Gualterio (1613 – 1 January 1673) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography Gualterio was born at Orvieto. In his family, Silvio Antoniani was cardinal and Sebastiano Gualterio had been Bishop of Viterbo, Papal Nuncio to France ...

15 January 1669 – 1 January 1673 * Camillo Massimo 30 January 1673 – 19 October 1676 * Pierre di Bonzi 28 November 1689 – 11 July 1703 *

Francesco Martelli Francesco Martelli (1633 – 28 September 1717) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. Biography Martelli was born in Florence of a patrician family. He studied canon and civil law in the University of Pisa and became canon of the cathedral cha ...

25 June 1706 – 29 September 1717 * Imre Csáky 16 June 1721 – 28 August 1732 *

Pompeo Aldrovandi Pompeo Aldrovandi (23 September 1668 – 6 January 1752) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Biography Aldrovandi was born on 23 September 1668 in Bologna, then part of the Papal States, and studied law at the local universit ...

12 April 1734 – 6 January 1752 * Enrico Enriquez 22 July 1754 – 25 April 1756 * Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart 5 January 1762 – 20 March 1777 *

Guglielmo Pallotta Guglielmo Pallotta (13 November 1727 – 21 September 1795) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. Biography Born in Macerata, Marche, he studied hydraulics and law in Rome and then was ordained priest. Later he became auditor of Cardinal Carlo ...

28 July 1777 – 23 September 1782 *

Giovanni Andrea Archetti Giovanni Andrea Archetti (11 September 1731 – 5 November 1805) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. Biography Born in Brescia, Lombardy, Archetti studied canon and civil law in La Sapienza University of Rome. He was ordained priest on 10 ...

27 June 1785 – 2 April 1800 * Giuseppe Firrao 20 July 1801 – 24 January 1830 * Paolo Polidori 1 August 1834 – 12 July 1841 * Johann Rudolf Kutschker 25 June 1877 – 27 January 1881 * Domenico Agostini 20 March 1882 – 7 June 1886 * Cölestin Josef Ganglbauer, OSB 10 June 1886 – 14 December 1889 * Joseph-Alfred Foulon 30 December 1889 – 23 January 1893 * Benito Sanz y Forés 15 June 1893 – 1 November 1895 * Antonio María Cascajares y Azara 25 June 1896 – 24 March 1898 *

Agostino Richelmy Agostino Richelmy (29 November 1850 – 10 August 1923) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Turin from 1897 until his death, and was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 1899. Biography Early li ...

22 June 1899 – 27 November 1911 * János Csernoch 8 September 1914 – 26 July 1927 * Carlo Dalmazio Minoretti 19 December1929-13 March 1938 * Juan Gualberto Guevara 28 February 1946 – 27 November 1954 * Franz König 18 December 1958 – 13 March 2004 *

24 November 2007 – present

References

External links

parish website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eusebio Titular churches 5th-century churches Churches of Rome (rione Esquilino)