The Sans Arc, or Itázipčho (''Itazipcola'', ''Hazipco'' - ‘Those who hunt without bows’) in
Lakota, are a subdivision of the
Lakota people. Sans Arc is the French translation of the Lakota name which means, "Without bows." The translator of ''
Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer'' renders the name as Arrows all Gone. They live in the
Cheyenne River Reservation
The Cheyenne River Indian Reservation was created by the United States in 1889 by breaking up the Great Sioux Reservation, following the attrition of the Lakota in a series of wars in the 1870s. The reservation covers almost all of Dewey ...
.
One of the many etymologies of the ''Lakota'' name tells the following story: The true meaning of ''Itazipacola'' is "no markings". This referred to the fact that the ''Itazipco'' were so generous they did not mark their arrows (they were usually marked so that braves could claim the
bison
Bison are large bovines in the genus ''Bison'' (Greek: "wild ox" (bison)) within the tribe Bovini. Two extant and numerous extinct species are recognised.
Of the two surviving species, the American bison, ''B. bison'', found only in North A ...
they killed, etc.), that way everyone could share the meat of the hunt. This is why when the Creator wanted to give the pipe to the ''Lakota'', the
White Buffalo Woman ''Wopi'' brought it to the ''Itazipco'', because they would always be willing to share it.
Historic Itázipčho thiyóšpaye or bands
Together with the
Minneconjou (''Mnikȟówožu'', ''Hokwoju'' - ‘Plants by the Water’) and
Two Kettles
Two Kettles ("Two Boilings" or "Two Kettles") are one of the seven subtribes of the Lakota people who, along with the Dakota, make up the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ (Seven Council Fires). They reside on the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation.
Together ...
(''Oóhe Núŋpa'', ''Oóhenuŋpa'', ''Oohenonpa'' - ‘Two Boiling’ or ‘Two Kettles’) they were often referred to as ''Central Lakota'' and divided into several ''bands'' or ''thiyóšpaye'':
* Itazipco-hca (‘Real Itazipco’)
* Mini sala (‘Red Water’)
* Sina luta oin or Shinalutaoin (‘Red Cloth Earring’)
* Woluta yuta (‘Eat dried venison from the hindquarter’, ‘Ham Eaters’)
* Maz pegnaka (‘Wear Metal Hair Ornament’)
* Tatanka Cesli or Tatankachesli (‘Dung of a buffalo bull’)
* Siksicela or Shikshichela (‘Bad Ones’, ‘Bad ones of different kinds’)
* Tiyopa Canupa or Tiyopaoshanunpa (‘Smokes at the Entrance’)
Famous Sans Arcs
* Spotted Eagle
* Red Bear
* Looks Up
* Circling Bear
* Elk Head
*
Black Hawk Black Hawk and Blackhawk may refer to:
Animals
* Black Hawk (horse), a Morgan horse that lived from 1833 to 1856
* Common black hawk, ''Buteogallus anthracinus''
* Cuban black hawk, ''Buteogallus gundlachii''
* Great black hawk, ''Buteogallus urub ...
* Hump Nose, a chief present at the
Custer fight.
[Marquis, p.211.]
References
Lakota Page, The Great Sioux Nation*
Thomas B. Marquis (interpreter), ''Wooden Leg: a warrior who fought Custer'', p. 180, University of Nebraska Press, 2003 .
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