Sanqiao 三锹话 (三橇) is a
mixed Dong–
Miao Miao may refer to:
* Miao people, linguistically and culturally related group of people, recognized as such by the government of the People's Republic of China
* Miao script or Pollard script, writing system used for Miao languages
* Miao (Unicode ...
language spoken in
Liping County
Liping County () is a county in the southeast of Guizhou province, China, bordering Hunan to the east and Guangxi to the southeast. It is part of the Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture.
History
The county was affected by the Miao r ...
and
Jinping County,
Guizhou
Guizhou (; Postal romanization, formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in the Southwest China, southwest region of the China, People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the pr ...
, China by about 6,000 people.
The Sanqiao people sing traditional songs using the Suantang language (酸汤话), a Sinitic language that is similar to
New Xiang
New Xiang, also known as Chang-Yi (长益片 / 長益片) is the dominant form of Xiang Chinese. It is spoken in northeastern areas of Hunan, China adjacent to areas where Southwestern Mandarin and Gan are spoken. Under their influence, it has lo ...
.
Classification
Sanqiao vocabulary is about 30–40% Miao (
Hmu
The Hmu language (''hveb Hmub''), also known as Qiandong Miao (黔东, Eastern Guizhou Miao), Central Miao, East Hmongic, or (somewhat ambiguously) Black Miao, is a dialect cluster of Hmongic languages of China. The best studied dialect is that ...
) and 40%-50% Dong (
Kam
Kaam (Gurmukhi: ਕਾਮ ''Kāma'') in common usage, the term stands for 'excessive passion for sexual pleasure' and it is in this sense that it is considered to be an evil in Sikhism.
In Sikhism it is believed that Kaam can be overcome ...
), with the remainder consisting of Chinese words.
[Yu Dazhong 达忠 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces 代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成. In ''Journal of Guizhou Education University'' 州师范学院学报 Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017).] Sanqiao speakers can understand the local Dong and Miao dialects, but the Dong and Miao cannot understand the Sanqiao language.
Distribution
In
Liping County
Liping County () is a county in the southeast of Guizhou province, China, bordering Hunan to the east and Guangxi to the southeast. It is part of the Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture.
History
The county was affected by the Miao r ...
and
Jinping County,
Guizhou
Guizhou (; Postal romanization, formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in the Southwest China, southwest region of the China, People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the pr ...
, the Sanqiao live in just over 20 villages, with over 6,000 people (Yu 2017).
Sanqiao in a broader sense, however, is a grouping of about 30,000 people who speak unrelated languages, who are spread across Jingzhou, Huitong, Tongdao, and Suining counties of
Hunan
Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangx ...
, and Liping, Jinping, and Tianzhu counties of
Guizhou
Guizhou (; Postal romanization, formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in the Southwest China, southwest region of the China, People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the pr ...
.
In Hunan, they are also known as the Flowery Miao 花苗 or Flowery-clothed Miao 花衣苗, while in Guizhou they are known as the Sanqiao people 三撬人.
The Sanqiao are distributed in the following locations of
Qiandongnan Prefecture
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture (; Hmu language: ''Qeef Dongb Naif Dol Hmub Dol Gud Zid Zid Zeb''; Kam language: ''Qeens Donc Nanc Nyenc Miiul Nyenc Gaeml Zil Zl Zous''), also known as Southeast Qian Autonomous Prefecture of Miao a ...
,
Guizhou
Guizhou (; Postal romanization, formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in the Southwest China, southwest region of the China, People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the pr ...
(Deng 2010).
[Deng Gang 邓刚. 2010. "Sanqiaoren yu Qingshuijiang zhongxiayou de shandi kaifa — yi Qiandongnan Jinpingxian Cenwucun wei zhongxin de kaocha 三锹人与清水江中下游的山地开发—以黔东南锦屏县岑梧村为中心的考察." In ''Journal of Original Ecological National Culture'' 原生态民族文化学刊杂志, 2010, no. 2, vol. 1. http://www.xueshu.com/ystmzwhxk/201001/18021888.html] There are 22 villages in total.
*
Liping County
Liping County () is a county in the southeast of Guizhou province, China, bordering Hunan to the east and Guangxi to the southeast. It is part of the Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture.
History
The county was affected by the Miao r ...
**Pingdi Township 平底乡, Shangchong District 尚重区: Cendun 岑趸, Wushan 乌山, Bijie 俾嗟, Yanpi 眼批, Dongweng 董翁, Guidou 归斗, Guiya 归雅, Wule 乌勒, Pingdi 平底, Wupeng 乌碰, Tangtu 塘途, Gaoliang 高练, Biyazhai 俾雅寨
**Dajia Township 大稼乡: Cennuzhai 岑努寨
*
Jinping County
**Pinglüe 平略 and Qimeng 启蒙 townships: Zhaizao 寨早, Wendou 文斗, Shengli 胜利, Guben 固本, Xinming 新明, Dicha 地茶, Qimeng 启蒙, Yuhe 裕河
References
*Yu Dazhong
达忠 2017. "Ethnic Interactions and the Formation of the Sanqiu People in the Borderland of Modern Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces
代湘黔桂边区的族群互动和“三锹人”的形成. In ''Journal of Guizhou Education University''
州师范学院学报 Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan 2017).
External links
“锹人”释考
{{Languages of China
Chinese-based pidgins and creoles
Languages of China
Mixed languages
Hmongic languages
Kam–Sui languages