The sandperches are a family, Pinguipedidae, of fishes in the
percomorph order Trachiniformes
Trachiniformes is an order of percomorph bony fish which is traditionally the suborder Trachinoidei of the Perciformes.
However, the classification is also considered as a polyphyly by molecular phylogenies. Trachinidae itself is eventually ...
. Sandperches are
benthic fish which normally occur over sand or rubble
substrates in shallow seas. They are found off the coasts of South America, South Africa and in the
Indo-Pacific as far east as Japan. The family contains a few species which are used by humans for food.
Characteristics
Some sandperches resemble
wrasse
The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine fish, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into 9 subgroups or tribes.
They are typically small, most of them le ...
in that they possess long
dorsal
Dorsal (from Latin ''dorsum'' ‘back’) may refer to:
* Dorsal (anatomy), an anatomical term of location referring to the back or upper side of an organism or parts of an organism
* Dorsal, positioned on top of an aircraft's fuselage
* Dorsal c ...
and
anal fins which may have a few spines and enlarged lips that appear to curl back with big
canine teeth
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dog teeth, or (in the context of the upper jaw) fangs, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or vampire fangs, are the relatively long, pointed teeth. They can appear more flattened howeve ...
in the front of the jaws. They have elongated bodies which are flattened posteriorly and cylindrical towards the head. The body usually patterned with spots and bands, The eyes are positioned near top of head. They are relatively small in size, normally in length. These fish tend to sit on the sea bed, their bodies propped up by the widely separated pelvic fins. Some of the members of the speciose
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
''
Parapercis'', maybe all of them, are
sequential hermaphrodites, all being female at sexual maturity and later changing into males which frequently have significantly different colourings and markings.
Genera
The family Pinguipedidae contains seven genera with a total of 65 species. The genera are:
[
* '' Kochichthys'' Kamohara, 1961
* '' Parapercis'' Bleeker, 1863
* '' Pinguipes'' Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
* '' Prolatilus'' Gill, 1865
* '' Pseudopercis'' Miranda Ribeiro, 1903
* '' Ryukyupercis'' Imamura & Yoshino, 2007.]
Timeline
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The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pal ...
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The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " ...
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text: Oligocene
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...
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from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " ...
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The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...
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The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed in ...
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References
*
*
{{Authority control
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Trachiniformes
Taxa named by Albert Günther